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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 42 - 51, 18.06.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Biterna M., Voutsa, D."Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Ambient Air of Nw Greece and in Particulate Emissions", Environment International, 31, (2005), 671-77.
  • Breivik, K., Sweetman, A., Pacyna, J.M., Jones, K.C."Towards a Global Historical Emission Inventory for Selected PCB Congeners-a Mass Balance Approach. 1. Global Production and Consumption", Science of the Total Environment, (2002), 181-98.
  • Taşdemir, Y., Aksoy, E., Salihoğlu, G., Salihoğlu, K. "Regional and Seasonal Determination of PCB Distributions and Air / Soil Intersection in the Bursa Soils", Dept. Environ. Eng., Uludag Univ., Turkey, 2012.
  • Dönmez B.G. " Investigation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollution in soil samples and evaluation of the applicability of legal limit values", Dept. Environ. Eng., Istanbul Technical Univ., Turkey, 2012.
  • Batterman S., Chernyak S., Gouden Y., Hayes J., Robins T., Chetty S., "PCBs in Air, Soil and Milk in Industrialized and Urban Areas of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa", Environmental Pollution, 157, (2009), 654-63.
  • Fu, S., Cheng, H., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Xu, X. "Spatial Character of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil and Respirable Particulate Matter in Taiyuan, China", Chemosphere, 74, (2009), 1477-84.
  • Melnyk A., Dettlaff A., Kuklinska K."Concentration and Sources of PAHs and PCBs in Surface Soil near a Municipal Soil Waste Landfill", Science of the Total Environment, 18-27, (2015), 530-31.
  • Alcock, .R.E., Johnston, A.E., McGrath, S.P., Berrow, M.L., Jones, K.C. "Long-Term Changes in the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Content of United Kingdom Soils", Environmental Science & Technology, 27, (1993), 1918-23.
  • Backe, C., Cousins, I.T., Larsson, P." PCB in Soil and Estimated Soil-Air Exchange Fluxes of Selected Pcb Congeners in the South of Sweden", Environmental Pollution, 128, (2004), 59-72.
  • Tasdemir, Y., Odabaşı, M., Holsen, T.M. "Measurement of Vapor Phase Deposition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) Using a Water Surface Sampler", Atmospheric Environment, 39, (2005), 885-97.
  • Delegation of the European Union to the United States, NW, Washington, DC 20037.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Environmental Management "Regulation on the Control of Soil Pollution (SPCR) and the Polluted Site with Point Source", 2012.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Environmental Management. "Regulation on Control of Polyclorobiphenyl and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCB / PCT)", 2007.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, 1970.
  • Lead, W. A., Steinnes, E., Bacon, J. R., Jones, K. C. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in UK and Norwegian Soils: Spatial and Temporal Trends", Science of the Total Environment, 193, 3, (1997), 229-36.
  • Alonso S. G., Perez-Pastor R.M. "Occurrence of PCBs in ambient air and surface soil in an urban site of Madrid",Water Air Soil Pollution, 146, 2003, 283-295.
  • Motelay-Massei, A., Ollivon, D., Garban, B., Teil, M.J., Blanchard, M., Chevreuil, M. "Distribution and Spatial Trends of Pahs and Pcbs in Soils in the Seine River Basin, France", Chemosphere, 55, (2004), 555-65.
  • Koblizkova, M., Ruzickova, P., Cupr, P., Komprda, J., Holoubek, I., Klanova, J. "Soil burdens of persistent organic pollutants: their levels, fate, and risks. Part iv. Quantification of volatilization fluxes of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated soil surfaces", Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 10, 2019, 3588-95.
  • Heywood, E., Wright, J., Wienburg, C. L., Black, H. I. J., Long, S. M., Osborn, D., Spurgeon, D. J. "Factors Influencing the National Distribution of PAH and PCB in British Soils", Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 24, (2006), 7629-35.
  • Wilcke, W., Krauss, M., Safronov, G., Fokin, A.D., Kaupenjohann, M. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) in Soils of the Moskow Region: Concentrations and Dmall-Scale Distribution Along an Urban-Rural Transect", Environmental Pollution, 141, (2006), 327-35.
  • Bozlaker, A., Odabasi, M., Muezzinoğlu, A."Dry Deposition and Soil-Air Gas Exchange of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in an Industrial Area", Environmental Pollution, 156, (2008), 784-93.
  • Kaya, E., Dumanoglu, Y., Kara, M., Altiok, H., Bayram, A., Elbir, T., Odabasi, M., "Spatial and Temporal Variation and Air-Soil Exchange of Atmospheric Pahs and Pcbs in an Industrial Region", Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3, (2012), 435-49.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr. [Accessed: June, 2017).
  • Eker G. "Spatial Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentration in Soils from Bursa, Turkey", Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, (2016), 406-17.
  • Sakin E., Taşdemir Y., "Determination of Atmospheric Pcb Level Variations in Continuously Collected Samples." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, (2016), 235-45.
  • Vorhees, D., Cullen, A., Altshul, L. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in House Dust and Yard Soil near a Superfund Site", Environmental Science & Technology, 33, (1999), 2151-56.
  • Odabasi, M., Bayram, A., Elbir, T., Seyfioglu, M., Dumanoglu, Y., Ornektekin, S. "Investigation of Soil Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Trace Elements and Anions Due to Iron-Steel Plant Emissions in an Industrial Region in Turkey", Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 213, 1-4, (2010), 375-88.
  • Armitage, J., Hanson, M., Axelman, J., Cousins, I."Levels and Vertical Distribution of Pcbs in Agricultural and Natural Soils from Sweden", Science of the total environment, 371, (2006), 344-52.
  • Meıjer, N. S., Steınnes, E., Ockender, A., Jones, K. "Influence of Environmental Variables on the Spatial Distribution of PCBs in Norwegian and U.K. Soils: Implications for Global Cycling." Environmental Science & Technology, 36, (2002), 2146-53.
  • Jiang, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, K., Wu, M., Sheng, G., Fu, J."Polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in urban soil of Shanghai: Level, compositional profiles and source identification", Chemosphere, 83, 2011, 767-773.
  • Harner T., Mackay D,"Model of the Long-Term Exchange of Pcbs between Soil and the Atmosphere in the Southern U.K.", Environmental Science & Technology, 29, (1995), 1200-09.
  • Jamshıdı, A., Hunter, S., Hazratı, S., Harrad, S."Concentrations and Chiral Signatures of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Outdoor and ındoor Air and Soil in a Major U.K. Conurbation", Environmental Science & Technology, 41, (2007), 2153-58.
  • Meıjer, S. N., Ockenden, W. A., Sweetman, A., Breıvık, K., Grımalt, J. O., Jones, K. C. "Global Distribution and Budget of PCBs and HCB in Background Surface Soils: Implications for Sources and Environmental Processes", Environmental Science & Technology, 37, (2003), 667-72.
  • Zhang, H.B., Luo, Y.M., Wong, M.H., Zhao, Q.G., Zhang, G.L. "Concentrations and Possible Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Soils of Hong Kong", Geoderma, 138, (2007), 244-51.
  • Ren, N., Que, M., Lı, Y., Lıu, Y., Wan, X., Xu, D., Sverko, E., Ma, J. "Polychlorinated Biphenyl in Chinese Surface Soils", Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 11, (2007), 3871-76.
  • Aichner, B., Glaser, B., Zech, W."Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Urban Soils from Kathmandu, Nepal", Organic Geochemistry, 38, (2007), 700-15.
  • Milukaite A. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lithuania: Assessment of Air and Soil Contamination", Lithuanian Journal of Physics, 48, 4, (2008), 357-66.
  • Cetin, B., Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Odabasi, M. "Ambient Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PCBs and Trace Elements around an Industrial Area in Izmir, Turkey", Chemosphere, 69, (2007), 1267-77.
  • Dumanoğlu, Y., Gaga, E. O., Gungormus, E., Sofuoglu, S. C., Odabası, M. "Spatial and Seasonal Variations, Sources, Air-Soil Exchange, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for PAHs and PCBs in Air and Soil of Kutahya Turkey, the Province of Thermal Power Plants", Science of the Total Environment, 580, (2017), 920-35.
  • Zhao, X., Zhu, W., Huang, J., Li, M., Gong, M."Emission Characteristics of PCDD/Fs , PAHs and PCBs During the Combustion of Sludge-Coal Water Slurry", Journal of the Energy Institute 88, 2, (2015), 105-11.
  • Lin, Y., Teng, L. S., Lee, A., and Chen, Y. L. "Effect of Photosensitizer Diethylamine on the Photodegradation of PCBs", Chemosphere, 55, 6, (2004), 879-84.
  • Kurokawa, Y., Matsueda, T., Nakamura, M., Takada, S., Fukamachı, K. "Characterization of Non-Ortho Coplanar PCBs, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Atmosphere", Chemosphere, 32, (1996), 491-500.
  • Salihoglu,G., Taşdemir Y. "Prediction of the Pcb Pollution in the Soils of Bursa, an Industrial City in Turkey." Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, (2009), 1523-31.
  • Halsall, C.J., Gevao, B., Howsam, M., Lee, R.G.M., Ockenden, W.A., Jones, K.C. "Temperature Dependence of PCBs in the UK Atmosphere", Atmospheric Environment, 33, (1999), 541-52.
  • Creaser, C.S., Fernandes, A.R., Harrad, S.J., Hurst, T., Cox, E.A."Background Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in British Soils-Ii", Chemosphere, 19, (1989), 1457-66.
  • Wang, D., Yang, M., Jia, H., Zhou, L. "Levels, Distributions and Profiles of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Soils of Dalian, China", Chemosphere, 73, 1, (2008), 38-42.
  • Granier, L., Chevreuil, M."Automobile Traffic: A Source of PCBs to the Atmosphere", Chemosphere, 23, (1991), 785-88.
  • Benfenati, E., Valzacchi, S., Mariani, G., Airoldi, L., Fanelli, R."PCDD, PCDF, PCB, PAH, Cadmium and Lead in Roadside Soil: Relationship between Road Distance and Concentration", Chemosphere, 24, (1992), 1077-83.
  • Broz, J., Grabic, R., Kilian, J., Lojkasek, M., Marklund, S., Ocelka, T., Pekarek, V., Pribyl, J., Tydlitat, V., Vyska, J."The Effects of Oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF, and PCB Emissions from a Spark Engine Fuled with Leaded Gasoline", Chemosphere, 41, (2000), 1905-11.
  • Capuano, F., Cavalchi, B., Martinelli, G., Pecchini, G., Renna, E., Scaroni, I., Bertacchi, M., Bigliardi, G."Environmental Prospection for PCDD/PCDF, PAH, PCB and Heavy Metals around the Incinerator Power Plant of Reggio Emilia Town (Northern Italy) and Surrounding Main Roads", Chemosphere, 58, (2005), 1563-69.
  • Tian, F., Chen, J., Oiao, X., Cai, X., Yang, P., Wang, Z., Wang, D. "Source Identification of Pcdd/Fs and Pcbs in Pine (Cedrus Deodara) Needles: A Case Study in Dalian, China", Atmospheric Environment, 42, (2008), 4769-77.
  • Klanova, J., Matykiewiczova, N., Macka, Z., Prosek, P., Laska, K., Klan, P. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soils and Sediments from James Ross Island, Antarctica", Environmental Pollution, 152, (2008), 416-23.
  • Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Li, Y., Wang, D., Jia, H., Harner, T., Sverko, E., Wan, X., Xu, D., Ren, N., Ma, J., and Pozo, K. "Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Concurrently Sampled Chinese Air and Surface Soil", Environmental Science and Technology, 42, (2008), 6514-18.
  • Karaca G., Taşdemir Y., "Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Industrial Sludges in the Ambient Air Conditions: Automotive Industry", Journal of Environmental Science and Health: Part A 48, (2013), 855-61.
  • Oleszczuk, P., and Baran S. "Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sewage Sludge Samples", Chemia analityczna, 48, 2, (2003), 211-21.
  • Manz, M., Wenzel, K.D., Dietze, U., Schüürmann, G. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Agricultural Soils of Central Germany", Science of the Total Environment, 277, (2001), 187-98.
  • Cachada, A., Lopes, L.V., Hursthouse, A.S., Biasioli, M., Grcman, H., Otabbong, E., Davidson, C.M., Duarte, A.C."The Variability of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Levels in Urban Soils from Five European Cities", Environmental Pollution, 157, (2009), 511-18.

Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 42 - 51, 18.06.2019

Öz

The soil is a
natural reservoir and a transporter component of the terrestrial ecosystem for
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The determination of PCBs is
important to identify the necessary precautious steps to be
taken.

The objective of this study is to determine seasonal and regional PCB
variations in the soil in Bursa-Turkey. In this context, soil samples were
collected from 19 different points during summer and winter seasons and
analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for
S82 PCB. The
regional variation of
S82 PCB
concentrations was 0.03-85 ng/g dry matter (DM). The highest
S82 PCB
concentration was measured sampling points near the iron-steel plant in both
seasons. At all sampling points,
S82 PCB
concentrations were higher in winter than those in summer. In general,
high-chlorinated homologes groups (>6-CBs) in summer and low-chlorinated
homologes groups (<5-CBs) dominated in winter. Also, a significant
correlation was found between the heavy species (>5-CBs) and TOC, while no
significant correlation was observed between the light species (<5-CBs) and
TOC.
The S7 PCB range of winter and summer
seasons is 0.043-3.87 ng/g DM and 0.02-1.97 ng/g DM, respectively. The average
Dutch
S7 PCB concentration in winter was
0.735 ± 1.05 ng/g DM, while in summer it was 0.462 ± 0.72 ng/g DM.

Kaynakça

  • Biterna M., Voutsa, D."Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Ambient Air of Nw Greece and in Particulate Emissions", Environment International, 31, (2005), 671-77.
  • Breivik, K., Sweetman, A., Pacyna, J.M., Jones, K.C."Towards a Global Historical Emission Inventory for Selected PCB Congeners-a Mass Balance Approach. 1. Global Production and Consumption", Science of the Total Environment, (2002), 181-98.
  • Taşdemir, Y., Aksoy, E., Salihoğlu, G., Salihoğlu, K. "Regional and Seasonal Determination of PCB Distributions and Air / Soil Intersection in the Bursa Soils", Dept. Environ. Eng., Uludag Univ., Turkey, 2012.
  • Dönmez B.G. " Investigation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollution in soil samples and evaluation of the applicability of legal limit values", Dept. Environ. Eng., Istanbul Technical Univ., Turkey, 2012.
  • Batterman S., Chernyak S., Gouden Y., Hayes J., Robins T., Chetty S., "PCBs in Air, Soil and Milk in Industrialized and Urban Areas of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa", Environmental Pollution, 157, (2009), 654-63.
  • Fu, S., Cheng, H., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Xu, X. "Spatial Character of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil and Respirable Particulate Matter in Taiyuan, China", Chemosphere, 74, (2009), 1477-84.
  • Melnyk A., Dettlaff A., Kuklinska K."Concentration and Sources of PAHs and PCBs in Surface Soil near a Municipal Soil Waste Landfill", Science of the Total Environment, 18-27, (2015), 530-31.
  • Alcock, .R.E., Johnston, A.E., McGrath, S.P., Berrow, M.L., Jones, K.C. "Long-Term Changes in the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Content of United Kingdom Soils", Environmental Science & Technology, 27, (1993), 1918-23.
  • Backe, C., Cousins, I.T., Larsson, P." PCB in Soil and Estimated Soil-Air Exchange Fluxes of Selected Pcb Congeners in the South of Sweden", Environmental Pollution, 128, (2004), 59-72.
  • Tasdemir, Y., Odabaşı, M., Holsen, T.M. "Measurement of Vapor Phase Deposition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) Using a Water Surface Sampler", Atmospheric Environment, 39, (2005), 885-97.
  • Delegation of the European Union to the United States, NW, Washington, DC 20037.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Environmental Management "Regulation on the Control of Soil Pollution (SPCR) and the Polluted Site with Point Source", 2012.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Environmental Management. "Regulation on Control of Polyclorobiphenyl and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCB / PCT)", 2007.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, 1970.
  • Lead, W. A., Steinnes, E., Bacon, J. R., Jones, K. C. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in UK and Norwegian Soils: Spatial and Temporal Trends", Science of the Total Environment, 193, 3, (1997), 229-36.
  • Alonso S. G., Perez-Pastor R.M. "Occurrence of PCBs in ambient air and surface soil in an urban site of Madrid",Water Air Soil Pollution, 146, 2003, 283-295.
  • Motelay-Massei, A., Ollivon, D., Garban, B., Teil, M.J., Blanchard, M., Chevreuil, M. "Distribution and Spatial Trends of Pahs and Pcbs in Soils in the Seine River Basin, France", Chemosphere, 55, (2004), 555-65.
  • Koblizkova, M., Ruzickova, P., Cupr, P., Komprda, J., Holoubek, I., Klanova, J. "Soil burdens of persistent organic pollutants: their levels, fate, and risks. Part iv. Quantification of volatilization fluxes of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated soil surfaces", Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 10, 2019, 3588-95.
  • Heywood, E., Wright, J., Wienburg, C. L., Black, H. I. J., Long, S. M., Osborn, D., Spurgeon, D. J. "Factors Influencing the National Distribution of PAH and PCB in British Soils", Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 24, (2006), 7629-35.
  • Wilcke, W., Krauss, M., Safronov, G., Fokin, A.D., Kaupenjohann, M. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) in Soils of the Moskow Region: Concentrations and Dmall-Scale Distribution Along an Urban-Rural Transect", Environmental Pollution, 141, (2006), 327-35.
  • Bozlaker, A., Odabasi, M., Muezzinoğlu, A."Dry Deposition and Soil-Air Gas Exchange of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in an Industrial Area", Environmental Pollution, 156, (2008), 784-93.
  • Kaya, E., Dumanoglu, Y., Kara, M., Altiok, H., Bayram, A., Elbir, T., Odabasi, M., "Spatial and Temporal Variation and Air-Soil Exchange of Atmospheric Pahs and Pcbs in an Industrial Region", Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3, (2012), 435-49.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr. [Accessed: June, 2017).
  • Eker G. "Spatial Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentration in Soils from Bursa, Turkey", Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, (2016), 406-17.
  • Sakin E., Taşdemir Y., "Determination of Atmospheric Pcb Level Variations in Continuously Collected Samples." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, (2016), 235-45.
  • Vorhees, D., Cullen, A., Altshul, L. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in House Dust and Yard Soil near a Superfund Site", Environmental Science & Technology, 33, (1999), 2151-56.
  • Odabasi, M., Bayram, A., Elbir, T., Seyfioglu, M., Dumanoglu, Y., Ornektekin, S. "Investigation of Soil Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Trace Elements and Anions Due to Iron-Steel Plant Emissions in an Industrial Region in Turkey", Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 213, 1-4, (2010), 375-88.
  • Armitage, J., Hanson, M., Axelman, J., Cousins, I."Levels and Vertical Distribution of Pcbs in Agricultural and Natural Soils from Sweden", Science of the total environment, 371, (2006), 344-52.
  • Meıjer, N. S., Steınnes, E., Ockender, A., Jones, K. "Influence of Environmental Variables on the Spatial Distribution of PCBs in Norwegian and U.K. Soils: Implications for Global Cycling." Environmental Science & Technology, 36, (2002), 2146-53.
  • Jiang, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, K., Wu, M., Sheng, G., Fu, J."Polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in urban soil of Shanghai: Level, compositional profiles and source identification", Chemosphere, 83, 2011, 767-773.
  • Harner T., Mackay D,"Model of the Long-Term Exchange of Pcbs between Soil and the Atmosphere in the Southern U.K.", Environmental Science & Technology, 29, (1995), 1200-09.
  • Jamshıdı, A., Hunter, S., Hazratı, S., Harrad, S."Concentrations and Chiral Signatures of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Outdoor and ındoor Air and Soil in a Major U.K. Conurbation", Environmental Science & Technology, 41, (2007), 2153-58.
  • Meıjer, S. N., Ockenden, W. A., Sweetman, A., Breıvık, K., Grımalt, J. O., Jones, K. C. "Global Distribution and Budget of PCBs and HCB in Background Surface Soils: Implications for Sources and Environmental Processes", Environmental Science & Technology, 37, (2003), 667-72.
  • Zhang, H.B., Luo, Y.M., Wong, M.H., Zhao, Q.G., Zhang, G.L. "Concentrations and Possible Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Soils of Hong Kong", Geoderma, 138, (2007), 244-51.
  • Ren, N., Que, M., Lı, Y., Lıu, Y., Wan, X., Xu, D., Sverko, E., Ma, J. "Polychlorinated Biphenyl in Chinese Surface Soils", Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 11, (2007), 3871-76.
  • Aichner, B., Glaser, B., Zech, W."Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Urban Soils from Kathmandu, Nepal", Organic Geochemistry, 38, (2007), 700-15.
  • Milukaite A. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lithuania: Assessment of Air and Soil Contamination", Lithuanian Journal of Physics, 48, 4, (2008), 357-66.
  • Cetin, B., Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Odabasi, M. "Ambient Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PCBs and Trace Elements around an Industrial Area in Izmir, Turkey", Chemosphere, 69, (2007), 1267-77.
  • Dumanoğlu, Y., Gaga, E. O., Gungormus, E., Sofuoglu, S. C., Odabası, M. "Spatial and Seasonal Variations, Sources, Air-Soil Exchange, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for PAHs and PCBs in Air and Soil of Kutahya Turkey, the Province of Thermal Power Plants", Science of the Total Environment, 580, (2017), 920-35.
  • Zhao, X., Zhu, W., Huang, J., Li, M., Gong, M."Emission Characteristics of PCDD/Fs , PAHs and PCBs During the Combustion of Sludge-Coal Water Slurry", Journal of the Energy Institute 88, 2, (2015), 105-11.
  • Lin, Y., Teng, L. S., Lee, A., and Chen, Y. L. "Effect of Photosensitizer Diethylamine on the Photodegradation of PCBs", Chemosphere, 55, 6, (2004), 879-84.
  • Kurokawa, Y., Matsueda, T., Nakamura, M., Takada, S., Fukamachı, K. "Characterization of Non-Ortho Coplanar PCBs, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Atmosphere", Chemosphere, 32, (1996), 491-500.
  • Salihoglu,G., Taşdemir Y. "Prediction of the Pcb Pollution in the Soils of Bursa, an Industrial City in Turkey." Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, (2009), 1523-31.
  • Halsall, C.J., Gevao, B., Howsam, M., Lee, R.G.M., Ockenden, W.A., Jones, K.C. "Temperature Dependence of PCBs in the UK Atmosphere", Atmospheric Environment, 33, (1999), 541-52.
  • Creaser, C.S., Fernandes, A.R., Harrad, S.J., Hurst, T., Cox, E.A."Background Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in British Soils-Ii", Chemosphere, 19, (1989), 1457-66.
  • Wang, D., Yang, M., Jia, H., Zhou, L. "Levels, Distributions and Profiles of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Soils of Dalian, China", Chemosphere, 73, 1, (2008), 38-42.
  • Granier, L., Chevreuil, M."Automobile Traffic: A Source of PCBs to the Atmosphere", Chemosphere, 23, (1991), 785-88.
  • Benfenati, E., Valzacchi, S., Mariani, G., Airoldi, L., Fanelli, R."PCDD, PCDF, PCB, PAH, Cadmium and Lead in Roadside Soil: Relationship between Road Distance and Concentration", Chemosphere, 24, (1992), 1077-83.
  • Broz, J., Grabic, R., Kilian, J., Lojkasek, M., Marklund, S., Ocelka, T., Pekarek, V., Pribyl, J., Tydlitat, V., Vyska, J."The Effects of Oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF, and PCB Emissions from a Spark Engine Fuled with Leaded Gasoline", Chemosphere, 41, (2000), 1905-11.
  • Capuano, F., Cavalchi, B., Martinelli, G., Pecchini, G., Renna, E., Scaroni, I., Bertacchi, M., Bigliardi, G."Environmental Prospection for PCDD/PCDF, PAH, PCB and Heavy Metals around the Incinerator Power Plant of Reggio Emilia Town (Northern Italy) and Surrounding Main Roads", Chemosphere, 58, (2005), 1563-69.
  • Tian, F., Chen, J., Oiao, X., Cai, X., Yang, P., Wang, Z., Wang, D. "Source Identification of Pcdd/Fs and Pcbs in Pine (Cedrus Deodara) Needles: A Case Study in Dalian, China", Atmospheric Environment, 42, (2008), 4769-77.
  • Klanova, J., Matykiewiczova, N., Macka, Z., Prosek, P., Laska, K., Klan, P. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soils and Sediments from James Ross Island, Antarctica", Environmental Pollution, 152, (2008), 416-23.
  • Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Li, Y., Wang, D., Jia, H., Harner, T., Sverko, E., Wan, X., Xu, D., Ren, N., Ma, J., and Pozo, K. "Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Concurrently Sampled Chinese Air and Surface Soil", Environmental Science and Technology, 42, (2008), 6514-18.
  • Karaca G., Taşdemir Y., "Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Industrial Sludges in the Ambient Air Conditions: Automotive Industry", Journal of Environmental Science and Health: Part A 48, (2013), 855-61.
  • Oleszczuk, P., and Baran S. "Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sewage Sludge Samples", Chemia analityczna, 48, 2, (2003), 211-21.
  • Manz, M., Wenzel, K.D., Dietze, U., Schüürmann, G. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Agricultural Soils of Central Germany", Science of the Total Environment, 277, (2001), 187-98.
  • Cachada, A., Lopes, L.V., Hursthouse, A.S., Biasioli, M., Grcman, H., Otabbong, E., Davidson, C.M., Duarte, A.C."The Variability of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Levels in Urban Soils from Five European Cities", Environmental Pollution, 157, (2009), 511-18.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Büşra Tandoğan 0000-0003-1629-7796

Gizem Eker Sanlı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tandoğan, B., & Eker Sanlı, G. (2019). Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations. MANAS Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 42-51.
AMA Tandoğan B, Eker Sanlı G. Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations. MJEN. Haziran 2019;7(1):42-51.
Chicago Tandoğan, Büşra, ve Gizem Eker Sanlı. “Determination of Soil Pollution Derived from Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: Spatial and Temporal Variations”. MANAS Journal of Engineering 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2019): 42-51.
EndNote Tandoğan B, Eker Sanlı G (01 Haziran 2019) Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations. MANAS Journal of Engineering 7 1 42–51.
IEEE B. Tandoğan ve G. Eker Sanlı, “Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations”, MJEN, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 42–51, 2019.
ISNAD Tandoğan, Büşra - Eker Sanlı, Gizem. “Determination of Soil Pollution Derived from Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: Spatial and Temporal Variations”. MANAS Journal of Engineering 7/1 (Haziran 2019), 42-51.
JAMA Tandoğan B, Eker Sanlı G. Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations. MJEN. 2019;7:42–51.
MLA Tandoğan, Büşra ve Gizem Eker Sanlı. “Determination of Soil Pollution Derived from Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: Spatial and Temporal Variations”. MANAS Journal of Engineering, c. 7, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 42-51.
Vancouver Tandoğan B, Eker Sanlı G. Determination of soil pollution derived from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bursa: spatial and temporal variations. MJEN. 2019;7(1):42-51.

Manas Journal of Engineering 

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