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Eğitimin Amerikan Müslümanlarının Dindarlığına Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 11 - 23, 26.07.2019

Öz

Eğitim ve din kurumlari, sosyal yaşamin iki temel öğesidir. Eğitim bugüne değin yaşamın çeşitli
yönleri bakımından çalışılmış ve bireylerin  davranışları, bakış açıları ve tercihleri
üzerinde, yine bireylerin sosyoekonomik statüleri, evlilikleri, doğurganlıkları
ve sağlıklarında meydana gelen değişimlere bağlı olarak eğitimin  büyük bir etkisi olduğı olduğu ortaya
koyulmuştur.  Eğitim gibi, din de
bireylerin tutumları, bakış açıları ve tercihleri ​​üzerinde önemli bir
belirleyici olarak kabul edilmektedir. Eğitim ve din arasındaki ilişkinin
niteliğini açıklamak için, sosyolojinin kurucuları, Marx, Weber, Mill ve
Durkheim gibi sosyal bilimciler, eğitim seviyesinin yükselmesinin dindarlıktaki
düşüş ile ilişkisinin olduğunu savunmuşlardır. Onlar ülkelerin ekonomik olarak
geliştiği ve eğitim seviyelerinin yükseldiği zamanö dine duyulan ihtiyacın
azalacağını öngörmüşlerdir. Bu öngürünün gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeyeceği hakkındaki
tartışma halen devam etmekte olup, sosyal bilimciler arasında dinin geleceği
konusunda bir fikir birliği mevcut değildir. PEW Amerikan Müslüman Anketi
2008'den elde edilen verileri kullanarak, bu çalışma, eğitim seviyesinin Amerikan
Müslümanlarının dindarlığı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyerek mevcut tartışmaya
katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ampirik bulgularımız, eğitimin bazı dini ölçekler
üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmasına rağmen, bunun tüm dini değişkenler için
geçerli olmadığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Attas, M. N. S. (1997). The Concept of Education in Islam: A Framework for an Islamic Philosophy of Education. Kazi Publ. Incorp.: Library of Islom Ltd.
  • Albrecht, S. L., & Heaton, T. B. (1998). Secularization, Higher Education, and Religiosity | Religious Studies Center. In Latter-day Saint Social Life: Social Research on the LDS Church and its Members (pp. 293–314). Retrieved from https://rsc.byu.edu/
  • Baker, J. O. (2008). An Investigation of the Sociological Patterns of Prayer Frequency and Content*. Sociology of Religion, 69(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/69.2.169
  • Balswick, J., Ward, D. McN., & Carlson, D. E. (1975). Theological and Socio-Political Belief Change among Religiously Conservative Students. Review of Religious Research, 17(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/3509912
  • Blanchard, T. C. (2007). Conservative Protestant Congregations and Racial Residential Segregation: Evaluating the Closed Community Thesis in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties. American Sociological Review, 72(3), 416–433.
  • Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World (1 edition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., & Lincoln, K. D. (1999). African American Religious Participation: A Multi-Sample Comparison. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387589
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120.
  • Collins, R. (1979). The Credential Society: A Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification (Third Printing Used edition). New York: Academic Press.
  • Evans, J. H. (2011). Epistemological and Moral Conflict Between Religion and Science. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(4), 707–727. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01603.x
  • Fox, W. S., Payne, D. E., Priest, T. B., & Philliber, W. W. (1977). Authority Position, Legitimacy of Authority Structure, and Acquiescence to Authority. Social Forces, 55(4), 966–973. https://doi.org/10.2307/2577566
  • Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., & Sacerdote, B. (2002). An Economic Approach to Social Capital. The Economic Journal, 112(483), F437–F458. Retrieved from JSTOR.
  • Glaeser, E. L., & Sacerdote, B. (2001). Education and Religion (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 263258). Retrieved from Social Science Research Network website: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=263258
  • Glock, C. Y. ; S., Rodney. (1965). Religion and Society in Tension (Pencil Margin Notes edition). Rand McNally.
  • Greeley, A. M. (1973). The “Religious Factor” and Academic Careers: Another Communication. American Journal of Sociology, 78(5), 1247–1255.
  • Hastings, P. K., & Hoge, D. R. (1981). Religious Trends Among College Students, 1948–79. Social Forces, 60(2), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/60.2.517
  • Hastings, P. K., & Hoge, R. (1976). Changes in Religion among College Students, 1948 to 1974. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15(3), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386087
  • Haw, K. (1998). Educating Muslim Girls: Shifting Discourses. Buckingham England ; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Hoge, D. R. (1974). Commitment on Campus: Changes in Religion and Values Over Five Decades. Westminster John Knox Press.
  • Hungerman, D. M. (2014). The effect of education on religion: Evidence from compulsory schooling laws. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 104, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.004
  • Johnson, D. C. (1997). Formal Education vs. Religious Belief: Soliciting New Evidence with Multinomial Logit Modeling. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387555
  • McFarland, M. J., Wright, B. R. E., & Weakliem, D. L. (2011). Educational Attainment and Religiosity: Exploring Variations by Religious Tradition. Sociology of Religion, 72(2), 166–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srq065
  • Meier, R. F. (1982). Perspectives on the Concept of Social Control. Annual Review of Sociology, 8, 35–55. Retrieved from JSTOR.
  • Moberg, D. O., & McEnery, J. N. (1976). Changes in Church-Related Behavior and Attitudes of Catholic Students, 1961-1971. Sociological Analysis, 37(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/3710069
  • Moiseyenko, O. (2005). Education and Social Cohesion: Higher Education. Peabody Journal of Education, 80(4), 89–104.
  • Petersen, L. R. (1994). Education, Homogamy, and Religious Commitment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386599
  • Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Schieman, S. (2010). Socioeconomic Status and Beliefs about God’s Influence in Everyday Life. Sociology of Religion, 71(1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srq004
  • Schwadel, P. (2011). The Effects of Education on Americans’ Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Affiliations. Review of Religious Research, 53(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-011-0007-4
  • Sherkat, D. E. (1998). Counterculture or Continuity? Competing Influences on Baby Boomers’ Religious Orientations and Participation. Social Forces, 76(3), 1087–1114. https://doi.org/10.2307/3005704
  • Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing Religious Effects Among American Adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.t01-1-00158
  • Stark, R. (1963). On the Incompatibility of Religion and Science: A Survey of American Graduate Students. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 3(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385002
  • Thalheimer, F. (1973). Religiosity and Secularization in the Academic Professions. Sociology of Education, 46(2), 183–202. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112096
  • Wilson, B. (1982). Religion in Sociological Perspective (1 edition). Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wuthnow, R. (1994). By Robert Wuthnow - Producing the Sacred: AN ESSAY ON PUBLIC RELIGION. University of Illinois Press.
  • Zelan, J. (1968). Religious Apostasy, Higher Education and Occupational Choice. Sociology of Education, 41(4), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112158

The Effect of Education on American Muslims’ Religiosity

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 11 - 23, 26.07.2019

Öz

Education
and religion are two fundamental institutions for social life. Education has
been studied for various aspects of life and found that it has a vast impact on
several mechanisms of individuals life in terms of their behaviors,
perspectives, and preferences related to the changes on their socioeconomic
status, marriage, fertility and health. Like education, religion has also
considered as a significant determinant on individuals’ attitudes,
perspectives, and preferences. In order to explain the nature of the relationship
between education and religion, social scientists including the fathers of
sociology, Marx, Weber, mill, and Durkheim have often argued the high level of
education is more likely related to decline in religiosity. They predict that
when countries develop economically and the levels of education rise, the need
for religion will diminish. The debate about the prediction still going on and
there is no consensus among social scientists about the future of religion. Using
data from PEW American Muslim Survey 2008, this study aims to contribute to the
existing discussion by studying the effect of schooling years on American
Muslims religiosity. Our empirical findings suggest while education has
negative effects on some religious measures, this is not valid for all
religious variables. 

Kaynakça

  • Al-Attas, M. N. S. (1997). The Concept of Education in Islam: A Framework for an Islamic Philosophy of Education. Kazi Publ. Incorp.: Library of Islom Ltd.
  • Albrecht, S. L., & Heaton, T. B. (1998). Secularization, Higher Education, and Religiosity | Religious Studies Center. In Latter-day Saint Social Life: Social Research on the LDS Church and its Members (pp. 293–314). Retrieved from https://rsc.byu.edu/
  • Baker, J. O. (2008). An Investigation of the Sociological Patterns of Prayer Frequency and Content*. Sociology of Religion, 69(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/69.2.169
  • Balswick, J., Ward, D. McN., & Carlson, D. E. (1975). Theological and Socio-Political Belief Change among Religiously Conservative Students. Review of Religious Research, 17(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/3509912
  • Blanchard, T. C. (2007). Conservative Protestant Congregations and Racial Residential Segregation: Evaluating the Closed Community Thesis in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties. American Sociological Review, 72(3), 416–433.
  • Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World (1 edition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., & Lincoln, K. D. (1999). African American Religious Participation: A Multi-Sample Comparison. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387589
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120.
  • Collins, R. (1979). The Credential Society: A Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification (Third Printing Used edition). New York: Academic Press.
  • Evans, J. H. (2011). Epistemological and Moral Conflict Between Religion and Science. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(4), 707–727. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01603.x
  • Fox, W. S., Payne, D. E., Priest, T. B., & Philliber, W. W. (1977). Authority Position, Legitimacy of Authority Structure, and Acquiescence to Authority. Social Forces, 55(4), 966–973. https://doi.org/10.2307/2577566
  • Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., & Sacerdote, B. (2002). An Economic Approach to Social Capital. The Economic Journal, 112(483), F437–F458. Retrieved from JSTOR.
  • Glaeser, E. L., & Sacerdote, B. (2001). Education and Religion (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 263258). Retrieved from Social Science Research Network website: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=263258
  • Glock, C. Y. ; S., Rodney. (1965). Religion and Society in Tension (Pencil Margin Notes edition). Rand McNally.
  • Greeley, A. M. (1973). The “Religious Factor” and Academic Careers: Another Communication. American Journal of Sociology, 78(5), 1247–1255.
  • Hastings, P. K., & Hoge, D. R. (1981). Religious Trends Among College Students, 1948–79. Social Forces, 60(2), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/60.2.517
  • Hastings, P. K., & Hoge, R. (1976). Changes in Religion among College Students, 1948 to 1974. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15(3), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386087
  • Haw, K. (1998). Educating Muslim Girls: Shifting Discourses. Buckingham England ; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Hoge, D. R. (1974). Commitment on Campus: Changes in Religion and Values Over Five Decades. Westminster John Knox Press.
  • Hungerman, D. M. (2014). The effect of education on religion: Evidence from compulsory schooling laws. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 104, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.004
  • Johnson, D. C. (1997). Formal Education vs. Religious Belief: Soliciting New Evidence with Multinomial Logit Modeling. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387555
  • McFarland, M. J., Wright, B. R. E., & Weakliem, D. L. (2011). Educational Attainment and Religiosity: Exploring Variations by Religious Tradition. Sociology of Religion, 72(2), 166–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srq065
  • Meier, R. F. (1982). Perspectives on the Concept of Social Control. Annual Review of Sociology, 8, 35–55. Retrieved from JSTOR.
  • Moberg, D. O., & McEnery, J. N. (1976). Changes in Church-Related Behavior and Attitudes of Catholic Students, 1961-1971. Sociological Analysis, 37(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/3710069
  • Moiseyenko, O. (2005). Education and Social Cohesion: Higher Education. Peabody Journal of Education, 80(4), 89–104.
  • Petersen, L. R. (1994). Education, Homogamy, and Religious Commitment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386599
  • Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Schieman, S. (2010). Socioeconomic Status and Beliefs about God’s Influence in Everyday Life. Sociology of Religion, 71(1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srq004
  • Schwadel, P. (2011). The Effects of Education on Americans’ Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Affiliations. Review of Religious Research, 53(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-011-0007-4
  • Sherkat, D. E. (1998). Counterculture or Continuity? Competing Influences on Baby Boomers’ Religious Orientations and Participation. Social Forces, 76(3), 1087–1114. https://doi.org/10.2307/3005704
  • Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing Religious Effects Among American Adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.t01-1-00158
  • Stark, R. (1963). On the Incompatibility of Religion and Science: A Survey of American Graduate Students. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 3(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385002
  • Thalheimer, F. (1973). Religiosity and Secularization in the Academic Professions. Sociology of Education, 46(2), 183–202. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112096
  • Wilson, B. (1982). Religion in Sociological Perspective (1 edition). Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wuthnow, R. (1994). By Robert Wuthnow - Producing the Sacred: AN ESSAY ON PUBLIC RELIGION. University of Illinois Press.
  • Zelan, J. (1968). Religious Apostasy, Higher Education and Occupational Choice. Sociology of Education, 41(4), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112158
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yılmaz

Munube Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, M., & Yılmaz, M. (2019). The Effect of Education on American Muslims’ Religiosity. Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 11-23.