The Effects of Different Surfactants to Dry Weight Wheat

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 91 - 98, 08.01.2016

İlknur Yurdakul Kadriye Kalınbacak İbrahim Gedikoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210945

Öz

Surfactant is used as wetting agent, dispersant, emulsifier, foaming agent, bactericide in detergent, soap, herbicide and insecticides. The pollution from their residue in nature affects agricultural products as well. In this study was performed to determine the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants on the dry weight of wheat (Triticum aestivum). This research was conducted as randomized split parcels with 3 repetetives in greenhouse. Surfactants were applied at 0, 180, 360, 540 and 720 mg kg^–1 concentration after sowing, it was harvested on the 50^th day. Anionic surfactant caused to decrease the dry weight (p < 0.05) of wheat plant. While cationic surfactant caused to decrease the dry weight (p < 0.05), the application of nonionic surfactant did not. According to study results; anionic and cationic surfactants have a negative impact on  the growth of plant roots of wheat. Therefore experiencing difficulties in the acquisition of plant nutrients can be attributed to a decrease in plant dry weight.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Buğday Kuru Ağırlığına Etkileri

Öz

Yüzey aktif madde (YAM) deterjan, sabun, herbisit ve insektisitlerde nem arttırıcı, seyreltici, emulsifiyer, köpürtücü, bakteri engelleyici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bunların doğadaki birikiminlerinden oluşan çevre kirliliği tarımsal ürünleri de etkilemektedir. Çalışma, anyonik, katyonik, ve iyonik olmayan YAM’lerin, buğday (Triticum aestivum) bitki kuru ağırlığına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeler tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak, serada kurulmuştur. YAM’ler 0, 180, 360, 540 ve 720 mg kg-1 konsantrasyonlarda buğday ekiminden sonra uygulanmış 50. günde hasat yapılmıştır. Anyonik YAM buğday bitkisinin kuru ağırlığında (p < 0.05) azalma meydana getirmiştir. Katyonik YAM kuru ağırlıkta (p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anyonik, katyonik, iyonik olmayan yüzey aktif maddeler, buğday (Triticum aestivum L.), toprak

Kaynakça

• Matthew J.S., Malcolm N.J., “The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta–Biomembranes, 1508(1-2), 235-251, 2000.
• Salager J., L., “Surfactants-Types and Uses” Venezuela: Laboratorio FIRP Escuela de Ingenieria Quimica, 2002.
• Liu G., Ozores-Hampton M., McAvoy G., Hogue B., Snodgrass C., A., “Application of Surfactants in Commercial Crop Production for Water and Nutrient Management in Sandy Soil”, HS1230, A Series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension, 2013, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1230/ (Accessed, 09.04.2014).
• Parr J., F., Norman A., G., “Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Root Growth and Cation Uptake” http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/39/3/502.full.pdf/ (Accessed, 08.04.2014).
• McFarland M., L., Stichler C., Lemon R., G., “Non-Traditional Soil Additives: Can They Improve Crop Production? Forages” Texas A & M University System, Agri. Life Extension College Station, TX: Texas – Agri. Life – Extension – Service, 2005, http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87827/pdf_934.pdf?sequence=1/ (Accessed, 10.04.2014).
• Spurrier E., C., Jackobs J., A., “Some Effects of an Anionic Sodium Sulfonate Type Surfactant Upon Plant Growth” Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, 1995.
• Feigenbaum H., Bischoff D., “The Use of Cationizing Reagents in The Preparation of Conditioning Polymers for Hair and Skin Care” SKW QUAB Chemicals, Incorporated Park 80, West http://www.quab.com/files/Personal_Care_Article.pdf/ (Accessed, 14.04.2014). 330, Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663, 2009,
• Yang X., “Effects of a Nonionic Surfactant on Plant Growth and Physiology”, Graduate Faculty of Auburn University, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Auburn, Alabama, 2008.
• Czarnota M., Thomas P., A., “Using Surfactants, Wetting Agents, and Adjuvants in The Greenhouse” B1319, 2013, http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=7678/ (Accessed, 28.03.2014).
• Cserhati T.E., Forgacs E., Oros G., “Biological Activity and Environmental Impact of Anionic Surfactants” Environment International, 28(5), 337-348, 2002.
• Peters R.W., Montemagno C.D., Shem L., “Surfactant screening of diesel-contaminated soil” Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 9, 113-133, 1992.
• Idziak R., Zenon W., “Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and oil adjuvants on nicosulfuron efficacy” Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(2), 174-178, 2013.
• Chemicalland21 “Linear alkybenzene http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/LAS.htm/ (Accessed: 02.04.2014) sulfonic acid” 2014,
• Cross J., Singer E., J., “Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation” Surfactants Science Series 53, 32, Copyright by Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, 10016, USA, 1994.
• Elementis Specialties “Nonionic Surfactants Alkyl Polyglycol Ethers” http://www.elementisspecialties.com/esweb/esweb.nsf/pages/surfactants-nonionicsurfactants/ (Accessed:03.04.2014)
• Jackson M., L., “Soil Chemical Analysis” Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood, Cliffs, NY, 1962.
• Richards L., A., “Diagnosis and Improvement Saline and Alkaline Soils” U. S. Dep. Agr., Handbook 60, 1954.
• United States Salinity Laboratory Staff “Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils” Agri. Handbook, No: 60, USDA, 1954.
• Bouyoucus G.J., “A Recalibration of The Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils” Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438, 1951.
• Martin A.E., Reeve R., “A rapid manometric method for determining soil carbonate” Soil Science, 79, 187-197, 1995.
• Walkley A.Black I.A., “An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method” Soil Sciences, 37, 29-37, 1934.
• Olsen S., R., Cole V., Watanable F., S., Dean L., A., “Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate” U. S. Dept. of Agr. Cir. 939., Washington, 1954.
• Srivastava M., M., Khemani L., D., Srivastava S., “Chemistry of Phytopotentials: Healty, Energy and Environmental Perspectives” In: Effect of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants in Soil–Plant System Under Pot Culture, ed. Mohammad, A., A., Moheman, 261-264, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.
• Yılmaz G., Dane F., “Phytotoxic effects of herbicide attribut and surfactant biopower on the root, stem, and leaf anatomy of Triticum aestivum ‘Pehlivan’” Turkish Journal of Botany, 37, 886- 893, 2013.
• Baird J., V., Zublena J., P., “Using Wetting Agents (Nonionic Surfactants) on Soil” North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, AG-39-25, May 1993, (TWK/MOC), 1997. http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/Soilfacts/AG-439- 25/#Deciding_When_to_Use_a_Wetting_Agent/ (Accessed, 31.03.2014).
• Manthey F., Dahleen L., “Surfactant Phytotoxicity to Barley Plants and Calli” United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1998, http://www.ncaur.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=86248/ (Accessed, 11.04.2014).
• Goryunova S.V., Ostroumov S.A., “Effects of an anionic detergent on green algae and some angiosperm plants” Biological Sciences, 7, 84-86, 1986.
• Issa A.A.E., Adam M.S., Fawzy M.A., “Alterations in Some Metabolic Activities of Scenedesmus Quadricauda and Merismopedia Glauca in Response to Glyphosate Herbicide” Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 3(1), B17-B23, 2013.
• Arriaga F.J., Lowery B., Kelling K.A., “Surfactant impact on nitrogen utilization and leaching in potatoes” American Journal of Potato Research, 86, 383-390, 2009.
• Mobbs T.L., Peters R.T., Davenport J., Evans M., Wu J., “Effects of four soil surfactants on four soil-water properties in sand and silt loam” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 67(4), 273-281, 2012.
• Luzzati A., “The Effect of Detergents on Some Plants Species II. Laboratory and field tests on oats (Avena sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and peas organic compounds in soils” Ann Arbor Science, Publishers Inc., The Butterworth Group, 379-388, 1981.
• Cairns R.R., “Effects of surfactants applxed to samples of solonetz soil on water penetration and plant growth” Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 52(2), 267-269, 1972.