Aromatic Quality of Tunisian Sour Orange Essential Oils: Comparison Between Traditional and Industrial Extraction

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 66 - 72, 03.12.2014

Ellouze Ines Debbabi Hajer Chemli Rachid

Öz

Neroli essential oil extracted from sour orange flowers through hydrodistillation is extensively used in fragance, flavour and pharmaceutical industries and in aromatherapy. During hydrodistillation, a part of the essential oil is dissolved in condensate or distillation water and is lost as this water is discarded. The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical profile of recovered oils from distillation water obtained by either traditional or industrial processes. Essential oils from sour orange Citrus aurantium L. flowers were extracted by both artisanal and industrial distillation processes. In order to get a complete extraction of essential oils from flowers, the isolation of dissolved essential oil (recovered) from the distillation water was performed using n?hexane, and analyzed using GC and GCMS. Twenty?one components were detected and identified in Neroli primary essential oil, and were predominated by linalool (39.4%), and terpenes (38.6%). Eighteen compounds, comprising 98.5% of the total recovered oil obtained by the industrial process, and a total of 13 volatile compounds in oil (91.7%) obtained by the traditional process were identified. The major components in industrial and traditional orange blossom water recovered oils, of linalol (respectively 78% and 68%), linalyl acetate (respectively 11.7% and 12%), geraniol (respectively 0% and 6.8%), ?? terpineol (respectively 2.4% and 0.1%) and nerol (respectively 0.8% and 2.1%) were found. No terpens were found in recovered oils. These results may indicate that recovered oils are richer in organoleptically important oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, esters, aldehydes, than the Neroli and recovered essential oil of differ qualities can be obtained according to the hydrodistillation process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Citrus aurantium L, sour orange blossom water, recovered oil, extraction process

Kaynakça

• Ait Mohamed, L., Kouhila, M., Jamali, A., Lahsasni S., Kechaou, N., & Mahrouz, M. (2005a). Single layer solar drying behaviour of Citrus aurantium leaves under forced convention. Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 1473‐1483.
• Ait Mohamed, L., Kouhila, M., Jamali, A., Lahsasni, S., & Mahrouz, M. (2005b). Moisture sorption isothermes and heat of sorption of bitter orange leaves (Citrus aurantium). Journal of Food Engineering, 46, 491‐498.
• Alissandrakiss, E., Dafererab, D., Tarantilisb, P. A., Polissioub, M., & Harizanisa P. C. (2003). Ultrasound‐ assisted extraction of volatiles compounds from Citrus flowers and Citrus honey. Food Chemistry, 82, 575‐ 582.
• Arena, E., Guarrera, N., Campisi, S., &  Nicolosi Asmundo, C. (2006). Comparaison of odour active compounds detected by gas‐Chromtography‐olfactometry between hand squeezed juices from different orange varieties. Food Chemistry, 93, 59‐63.
• Arey, J., Corchnoy, S. B., & Atkinson, R. (1991). Emission of linalool from Valencia orange blossoms and its observation on ambient air. Atomsphere Environment, Partie A, 25,1377‐1381
• Babu, K. G. D., Singh, B., Joshi, V. P., & Singh, V. (2002). Essential oil composition of Rosa damescena Mill. Distilled under different pressures and temperatures. IHBT Publications N°9907.
• Beddek, N., Benyoussef, E. H., Belabbes, R., & Bessiere, J. M. (1993). Influence de la durée d’hydrodistillation, sur le rendement et la composition de l’huile essentielle des graines de coriandre d’Algérie. In : XIIèmes Journées Internationales sur les Huiles Essentielles. Digne les Bains, France, 1993.
• Boelens, M. H. (1995). Chemical and sensory evaluation of Lavandula oils. Perfumer and Flavorist, 20, 23‐51.
• Bohra, P., Vaze, A. S., Pangarkar, V. G., & Taskar, A.  (1994). Adsorptive recovery of water soluble essential oil components. Journal of Chemistry Technology and Biotechnology, 66, 97–102.
• Calapai, G., Firenzuoli, F., Saitta, A., Squadrito, F., Arlotta, M. R., Costantino, G. & Inferrera, G. (1999). Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report, Fitoterapia, 70, 586‐592.
• Cariveau, D. (2002). The evolutionary ecology of floral odors. Chemical Ecology, 1‐14.
• Cavangh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson J. M., 2002. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301‐308.
• Ellouze, I. (2007). Contribution à l’étude de la valorisation du bigaradier Citrus aurantium L. Mémoire de mastère, INAT, Tunisie, 57p.
• Figoli, A., Donatoa, L., Carnevalea, R., Tundisb, R., Stattib, G.A., Menichinib F., & Driolia, E. (2006). Bergamot essential oil extraction by prevaporation. Desalination, 193, 160‐165.
• Fleisher, A. (1990). The proplast extraction technique in the flavour and fragrance industry, Perfumer and Flavorist, 15, 27‐34.
• Fleisher, A. (1991). Water‐soluble fractions of essential oils. Perfumer and Flavorist, 16, 37‐41.
• Hay, R. K. M. & Waterman, P. G. (1993). Volatile oil crops: their biology, biochemistry and production.
• Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, UK.
• Hognadottir, A., & Rouseff, R. L. (2003). Identification of aroma active compoundsin orange essential oil using gas‐chromatography‐olfactometry and gas‐chromatography‐massspectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 998, 201‐211.
• ISO 3517 (2002). Huile essentielle de Bigaradier (Citrus aurantium L. ssp. aurantium).
• Jeff, M. J. (2002). Therapeutic Research facility, Natural Medicines Comprehensive database, 4th Ed.
• Machale, K. W., Niranjan, K., & Pangarkar, V. G. (1997). Recovery of dissolved essential oils from condensate waters of basil and Mentha arvensis distillation. Journal of Chemistry Technology and Biotechnology, 69, 362‐366.