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FACTORS THAT AFFECT PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 489 - 504, 01.05.2013

Öz

In this research, the issue of whether or not do internet (use frequency, intended use, use of applications etc.) and music (type of music that is listened) have affect on individuals psychological well being was analyzed besides the analysis of these variables (internet, music) in terms of the question if they have relations with individuals` substance use and tendency of self-harm. Sampling group of the study was made of totally 303 individuals; 191 of them were female (%63) while 112 were male (%37). As data collection tool, Psychological Well-Being Scale was used in the study. As a result of the analysis of data it was found the increased use of the Internet affects the status of psychological well-being. Extensive use of social networking sites on the internet hinders to individual into healthy contact with the environment. Listen to music with aggressive lyrics increases individual to substance abuse trends and harm them. In addition, the use of the internet within a reasonable time contributes to individual that positive relationship with his environment, keenly aware of its own limitations and positive self-perception.

Kaynakça

  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y. and Ben-Artzi, E., (2003). Loneliness and Internet Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 71-80.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2009). Depression Through Technology. New Scientist, 204(2739), 28-29.
  • Batıgün, A.D. ve Kılıç, N., (2011). İnternet Bağımlılığı Ile Kişilik Özellikleri, Sosyal Destek, Psikolojik Belirtiler Ve Bazı Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Arasındaki Ilişkiler. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26 (67), 1-10.
  • Bargh, J.A. and Mckenna, K.Y., (2004). The Internet and Social Life. Annual Review of Psychology. 55, 573 -590.
  • Boyle, A., Grap, M.J., Younger, J., and Thornby, D., (1991). Personality Hardiness, Ways of Coping, Social Support and Burnout in Critical Care Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 850-857.
  • Buffardi, L. and Campbell, W., (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303-1314.
  • Cenkseven, F., (2004). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel ve Psikolojik İyi Olmalarını Yordayan Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Crnic, K.A. and Booth, C.L., (1991). Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Daily Hassles of Parenting across Early Childhood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1042-1050.
  • Crnic, K. and Greenberg, M., (1990). Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children. Child Development, 61, 1628-1637.
  • Davies, A., (1995). The Acknowledgement of Loss Working through Depression. British Journal of Music Therapy, 9(1), 11–16.
  • Kamp Dush, C.M., Taylor, M.G., and Kroeger, R.A., (2008). Marital Happiness and Psychological Well ‐Being across the Life Course. Family Relations, 57(2), 211-226.
  • Engelberg, E. and Sjöberg, L., (2004). Internet Use, Social Skills, and Adjustment. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(1), 41
  • Esgin, E., Torun, E., Şakar, I.D., Doğan, C. ve Yardım, M.S., (2012). İnternet Kullanımının Ilköğretim Öğrencilerinin PsikoSosyal Gelişimlerine Olumsuz Etkilerinin Incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4). http://www.etad.net/dergi/index.php?journal=etad&page=article&op=view&path%5B %5D=89 (Erişim tarihi: 2013)
  • Field, T., (1998). Maternal Depression Effects on Infants and Early Interventions. Preventive Medicine, 27(2), 200-203.
  • Fischer, P. and Greitemeyer, T., (2006). Music and Aggression. The Impact of Sexual-Aggressive Song Lyrics on AggressionRelated Thoughts, Emotions and Behavior toward the Same and the Opposite Sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1165–1176.
  • Frone, M.R., (2000). Work –Family Conflict and Employee Psychiatric Disorders: The National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888-895. Doi:10.1037/0021906.888
  • Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., and Lamy, L., (2010). ‘Love Is In The Air’: Effects of Songs With Romantic Lyrics On Compliance With A Courtship Request, Psychology of Music, 38(3), 303-307.
  • Güner, N., (1998). Ergenlerin Dinledikleri Müzik Türü İle Saldırganlık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, VII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Konya, 1, 291-299.
  • Hernandez, R.E., (2005). Effect of Music Therapy on the Anxiety Levels and Sleep Patterns of Abused Women in Shelters. Journal of Music Therapy, 42(2), 140–158.
  • Higgins, C.A., Duxbury, L.E., and Lyons, S.T., (2008). Reducing Work-Life Conflict: What Works? What Doesn’t? Health Canada. Http://Www.Hc-Sc.Gc.Ca/Ewh-Semt/Alt_Formats/HecsSesc/Pdf/Pubs/ Occup-Travail/Balancing-Equilibre/Full_Report-Rapport_CompletEng. Pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 2013).
  • Inderbitzen, H.M., Walters, K.S., and Bukowski, A.L., (1997). The Role of Social Anxiety In Adolescent Peer Relations: Differences Among Sociometric Status Groups and Rejected
  • Subgroups. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26(4), 338-348. Karaca, M., (2007). İnternet Gençliği: Yeni Bir Gençlik Tiplemesi Denemesi, E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2(4), 419–438.
  • Keyes, C.L.M., Shmotkin, D., and Ryff, C.D., (2002). Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
  • Knight, W.E.J. and Rickard, N.S., (2001). Relaxing Music Prevents Stress-Induced Increases In Subjective Anxiety, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate In Healthy Males and Females. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254–272.
  • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., and Scherlis, W., (1998). Internet Paradox: A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 101710
  • Kubey, R.W., Lavin, M.J., and Barrows, J.R., (2001). Internet Use and Collegiate Academic Performance Decrements: Early Findings. Journal of Communication, 51, 366-382.
  • Kuzucu, Y., (2006). Duyguları Fark Etmeye Ve İfade Etmeye Yönelik Bir Psiko-Eğitim Programının, Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Farkındalık Düzeylerine, Duyguları İfade Etme Eğilimlerine Psikolojik Ve Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkisi. Duyguları İfade Etme Eğilimlerine, Psikolojik Ve Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Lai, Y.M., (1999). Effects of Music Listening On Depressed Women In Taiwan. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20, 229–246.
  • Mehdizadeh, S., (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self -Esteem On Facebook. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13, 357 -364.
  • Moore, K. and Mcelroy, J., (2012). The Influence of Personality on Facebook Usage, Wallpostings, and Regret. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 267 -274.
  • Nie, N., (2001). Sociability, Interpersonal Relations, and the Internet: Reconciling Conflicting Findings. American Behavioral Scientist, 45: 420 -435.
  • Nie, N. and Erbring, L., (2002). Internet and Society: A Preliminary Report. IT&Society, 1(1), 275-283.
  • On Kei, A.L., Chung, Y.F.L., Chan, M.F., and Chan, W.M., (2005). Music and Its Effect on the Physiological Responses and Anxiety Levels of Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, 609-620.
  • Ögel, K., Ermağan E., Eke, C.Y. ve Taner, S., (2007). Madde Deneyen Ve Denemeyen Ergenlerde Sosyal Aktivitelere Katılım: İstanbul Örneklemi, Journal of Dependence, 8(1), 18-23.
  • Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G., and Roberts, D.F., (2010).Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8 to 18 Year-Olds: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.Http://Files.Eric.Ed.Gov/Fulltext/ED527859.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi:2013).
  • Ryan, T. and Xenos, S., (2011). Who Uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658-1664.
  • Ryff, C.D., (1989). Happiness Is Everything, Or Is It? Explorations On The Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, (6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C.D. and Keyes, C.L.M., (1995). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Scheel, K.R. and Westefeld, J.S., (1999). Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Suicidality: An Empirical Investigation. Adolescence, 34(134), 253-273.
  • Sezer, F., (2011). The Effects of Music on Anger and Psychological Symptoms. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 1472-1493.
  • Sezer, F., (2012). The Psychological Impact of Ney Music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39(5), 423-427.
  • Szmedra, L. and Bacharach, D.W., (1998). Effect of Music on Perceived Exertion, Plasma Lactate, Norepinephrine and Cardiovascular Hemodynamics during Treadmill Running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(1), 32–37.
  • Thoits, P., (1986). Social Support as Coping Assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 55(4): 416-423.
  • Tsai, C. and Lin, S.J., (2003). Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Taiwan: An Interview Study. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 6(6), 649- 652.
  • Tyler, M.T., (2013), Social Networking, Its Influence On Social and Psychological Well -Being, and Implications For Counseling, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Auburn University, Alabama. Http://Etd.Auburn.Edu/Etd/Handle/10415/ 3612(Erişim Tarihi: 2013).
  • Waterman, A.S., (1993). Two Conceptions of Happiness: Contrast of Personal Expressiveness (Eudaimonia) and Hedonic Enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691.
  • Whang, L.S.M., Lee, S., and Chang, G., (2003). Internet OverUsers' Psychological Profiles: A Behavior Sampling Analysis on Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 6(2), 143-150. Widyanto, L. and Mcmurran, M., (2004). The Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(4), 443-450.
  • Wu, S.M., (2002). Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem of Undergraduates. Psychologia, 45(2), 104–114.
  • Yahaya, N., Momtaz, Y.A., Hamid, T.A., and Abdullah, S.S., (2013). Social Support and Psychological Well-Being among Older Malay Women in Peninsular Malaysia. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 27(2), 320–332.
  • Yang, S.C. and Tung, C.J., (2007). Comparison of Internet Addicts and Non-Addicts in Taiwanese High School. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 79–96.
  • Yeh, Y.C., Ko, H.C., Wu, J.Y.W., and Cheng, C.P., (2008). Gender Differences In Relationships of Actual and Virtual Social Support To Internet Addiction Mediated Through Depressive Symptoms Among College Students In Taiwan. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 11, 485-487.
  • Young, K.S., (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.

PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 489 - 504, 01.05.2013

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluşları üzerine internetin (kullanım sıklığı, kullanma amacı, kullanılan uygulamaların vb.) ve müziğin (dinlenilen müzik türü) etkisi olup olmadığı, ayrıca bu değişkenlerin (internet, müzik) bireylerin madde kullanımı ve kendine zarar verme eğilimleri ile ilişkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 191`i bayan (% 63), 112`si erkek (% 37) toplam 303 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Psikolojik İyi Olma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda bireylerin internet kullanım süresi arttıkça psikolojik iyi olma halinin olumsuz etkilendiği, internette sosyal paylaşım sitelerini yoğun olarak kullanan bireylerin çevreleri ile sağlıklı iletişime giremediği, agresif sözler içeren müzikleri dinleyen bireylerin kendilerine zarar verme ve madde kullanım eğilimlerinin artığı saptanmıştır. Buna ek olarak internetin makul sürede kullanımının kişinin çevresiyle olumlu ilişkilere girmesine, kendi sınırlarının farkına varmasına ve kendini olumlu algılamasına olumlu yönde etki ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y. and Ben-Artzi, E., (2003). Loneliness and Internet Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 71-80.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2009). Depression Through Technology. New Scientist, 204(2739), 28-29.
  • Batıgün, A.D. ve Kılıç, N., (2011). İnternet Bağımlılığı Ile Kişilik Özellikleri, Sosyal Destek, Psikolojik Belirtiler Ve Bazı Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Arasındaki Ilişkiler. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26 (67), 1-10.
  • Bargh, J.A. and Mckenna, K.Y., (2004). The Internet and Social Life. Annual Review of Psychology. 55, 573 -590.
  • Boyle, A., Grap, M.J., Younger, J., and Thornby, D., (1991). Personality Hardiness, Ways of Coping, Social Support and Burnout in Critical Care Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 850-857.
  • Buffardi, L. and Campbell, W., (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303-1314.
  • Cenkseven, F., (2004). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel ve Psikolojik İyi Olmalarını Yordayan Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Crnic, K.A. and Booth, C.L., (1991). Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Daily Hassles of Parenting across Early Childhood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1042-1050.
  • Crnic, K. and Greenberg, M., (1990). Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children. Child Development, 61, 1628-1637.
  • Davies, A., (1995). The Acknowledgement of Loss Working through Depression. British Journal of Music Therapy, 9(1), 11–16.
  • Kamp Dush, C.M., Taylor, M.G., and Kroeger, R.A., (2008). Marital Happiness and Psychological Well ‐Being across the Life Course. Family Relations, 57(2), 211-226.
  • Engelberg, E. and Sjöberg, L., (2004). Internet Use, Social Skills, and Adjustment. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(1), 41
  • Esgin, E., Torun, E., Şakar, I.D., Doğan, C. ve Yardım, M.S., (2012). İnternet Kullanımının Ilköğretim Öğrencilerinin PsikoSosyal Gelişimlerine Olumsuz Etkilerinin Incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4). http://www.etad.net/dergi/index.php?journal=etad&page=article&op=view&path%5B %5D=89 (Erişim tarihi: 2013)
  • Field, T., (1998). Maternal Depression Effects on Infants and Early Interventions. Preventive Medicine, 27(2), 200-203.
  • Fischer, P. and Greitemeyer, T., (2006). Music and Aggression. The Impact of Sexual-Aggressive Song Lyrics on AggressionRelated Thoughts, Emotions and Behavior toward the Same and the Opposite Sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1165–1176.
  • Frone, M.R., (2000). Work –Family Conflict and Employee Psychiatric Disorders: The National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888-895. Doi:10.1037/0021906.888
  • Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., and Lamy, L., (2010). ‘Love Is In The Air’: Effects of Songs With Romantic Lyrics On Compliance With A Courtship Request, Psychology of Music, 38(3), 303-307.
  • Güner, N., (1998). Ergenlerin Dinledikleri Müzik Türü İle Saldırganlık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, VII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Konya, 1, 291-299.
  • Hernandez, R.E., (2005). Effect of Music Therapy on the Anxiety Levels and Sleep Patterns of Abused Women in Shelters. Journal of Music Therapy, 42(2), 140–158.
  • Higgins, C.A., Duxbury, L.E., and Lyons, S.T., (2008). Reducing Work-Life Conflict: What Works? What Doesn’t? Health Canada. Http://Www.Hc-Sc.Gc.Ca/Ewh-Semt/Alt_Formats/HecsSesc/Pdf/Pubs/ Occup-Travail/Balancing-Equilibre/Full_Report-Rapport_CompletEng. Pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 2013).
  • Inderbitzen, H.M., Walters, K.S., and Bukowski, A.L., (1997). The Role of Social Anxiety In Adolescent Peer Relations: Differences Among Sociometric Status Groups and Rejected
  • Subgroups. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26(4), 338-348. Karaca, M., (2007). İnternet Gençliği: Yeni Bir Gençlik Tiplemesi Denemesi, E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2(4), 419–438.
  • Keyes, C.L.M., Shmotkin, D., and Ryff, C.D., (2002). Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
  • Knight, W.E.J. and Rickard, N.S., (2001). Relaxing Music Prevents Stress-Induced Increases In Subjective Anxiety, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate In Healthy Males and Females. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254–272.
  • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., and Scherlis, W., (1998). Internet Paradox: A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 101710
  • Kubey, R.W., Lavin, M.J., and Barrows, J.R., (2001). Internet Use and Collegiate Academic Performance Decrements: Early Findings. Journal of Communication, 51, 366-382.
  • Kuzucu, Y., (2006). Duyguları Fark Etmeye Ve İfade Etmeye Yönelik Bir Psiko-Eğitim Programının, Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Farkındalık Düzeylerine, Duyguları İfade Etme Eğilimlerine Psikolojik Ve Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkisi. Duyguları İfade Etme Eğilimlerine, Psikolojik Ve Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Lai, Y.M., (1999). Effects of Music Listening On Depressed Women In Taiwan. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20, 229–246.
  • Mehdizadeh, S., (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self -Esteem On Facebook. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13, 357 -364.
  • Moore, K. and Mcelroy, J., (2012). The Influence of Personality on Facebook Usage, Wallpostings, and Regret. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 267 -274.
  • Nie, N., (2001). Sociability, Interpersonal Relations, and the Internet: Reconciling Conflicting Findings. American Behavioral Scientist, 45: 420 -435.
  • Nie, N. and Erbring, L., (2002). Internet and Society: A Preliminary Report. IT&Society, 1(1), 275-283.
  • On Kei, A.L., Chung, Y.F.L., Chan, M.F., and Chan, W.M., (2005). Music and Its Effect on the Physiological Responses and Anxiety Levels of Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, 609-620.
  • Ögel, K., Ermağan E., Eke, C.Y. ve Taner, S., (2007). Madde Deneyen Ve Denemeyen Ergenlerde Sosyal Aktivitelere Katılım: İstanbul Örneklemi, Journal of Dependence, 8(1), 18-23.
  • Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G., and Roberts, D.F., (2010).Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8 to 18 Year-Olds: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.Http://Files.Eric.Ed.Gov/Fulltext/ED527859.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi:2013).
  • Ryan, T. and Xenos, S., (2011). Who Uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658-1664.
  • Ryff, C.D., (1989). Happiness Is Everything, Or Is It? Explorations On The Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, (6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C.D. and Keyes, C.L.M., (1995). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Scheel, K.R. and Westefeld, J.S., (1999). Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Suicidality: An Empirical Investigation. Adolescence, 34(134), 253-273.
  • Sezer, F., (2011). The Effects of Music on Anger and Psychological Symptoms. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 1472-1493.
  • Sezer, F., (2012). The Psychological Impact of Ney Music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39(5), 423-427.
  • Szmedra, L. and Bacharach, D.W., (1998). Effect of Music on Perceived Exertion, Plasma Lactate, Norepinephrine and Cardiovascular Hemodynamics during Treadmill Running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(1), 32–37.
  • Thoits, P., (1986). Social Support as Coping Assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 55(4): 416-423.
  • Tsai, C. and Lin, S.J., (2003). Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Taiwan: An Interview Study. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 6(6), 649- 652.
  • Tyler, M.T., (2013), Social Networking, Its Influence On Social and Psychological Well -Being, and Implications For Counseling, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Auburn University, Alabama. Http://Etd.Auburn.Edu/Etd/Handle/10415/ 3612(Erişim Tarihi: 2013).
  • Waterman, A.S., (1993). Two Conceptions of Happiness: Contrast of Personal Expressiveness (Eudaimonia) and Hedonic Enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691.
  • Whang, L.S.M., Lee, S., and Chang, G., (2003). Internet OverUsers' Psychological Profiles: A Behavior Sampling Analysis on Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 6(2), 143-150. Widyanto, L. and Mcmurran, M., (2004). The Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(4), 443-450.
  • Wu, S.M., (2002). Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem of Undergraduates. Psychologia, 45(2), 104–114.
  • Yahaya, N., Momtaz, Y.A., Hamid, T.A., and Abdullah, S.S., (2013). Social Support and Psychological Well-Being among Older Malay Women in Peninsular Malaysia. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 27(2), 320–332.
  • Yang, S.C. and Tung, C.J., (2007). Comparison of Internet Addicts and Non-Addicts in Taiwanese High School. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 79–96.
  • Yeh, Y.C., Ko, H.C., Wu, J.Y.W., and Cheng, C.P., (2008). Gender Differences In Relationships of Actual and Virtual Social Support To Internet Addiction Mediated Through Depressive Symptoms Among College Students In Taiwan. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 11, 485-487.
  • Young, K.S., (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Eğitim Bilimleri
Yazarlar

Fahri Sezer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Sezer, F. (2013). PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. Education Sciences, 8(4), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601
AMA Sezer F. PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. NWSA. Mayıs 2013;8(4):489-504. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601
Chicago Sezer, Fahri. “PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER”. Education Sciences 8, sy. 4 (Mayıs 2013): 489-504. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601.
EndNote Sezer F (01 Mayıs 2013) PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. Education Sciences 8 4 489–504.
IEEE F. Sezer, “PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER”, NWSA, c. 8, sy. 4, ss. 489–504, 2013, doi: 10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601.
ISNAD Sezer, Fahri. “PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER”. Education Sciences 8/4 (Mayıs 2013), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601.
JAMA Sezer F. PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. NWSA. 2013;8:489–504.
MLA Sezer, Fahri. “PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER”. Education Sciences, c. 8, sy. 4, 2013, ss. 489-04, doi:10.12739/NWSA.2013.8.4.1C0601.
Vancouver Sezer F. PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. NWSA. 2013;8(4):489-504.