Effect of maize/legume intercropping on crop productiviy and soil compaction

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 268 - 274, 03.08.2016

İlkay Yavaş Üstündağ Aydın Ünay

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.260983

Cited By: 2

Öz

This research was conducted in western of Turkey to determine the effects of maize/legume intercropping on productivity and soil compaction. The experiment comprised 7 treatments: sole planting of maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.), and 2 different planting patterns (1- and 2-row proportion) with 4 maize-legumes intercropping series. Intercropping significantly affected plant height, 1000 grain weight, the height of first ear and grain yield of maize. The results revealed that sole maize and maize+soybean double row strips gave maize grain yield as 11680.2 kg ha-1 and 8990.5 kg ha-1, respectively. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than 1, indicating that this cropping system was profitable in terms of land utilization. Maximum LER (1.743) was recorded in maize+soybean double row strips. Intercropped legumes were significantly increased soil compaction because of the machine traffic in alternate rows. Based on better interception of sunlight energy, crop growth and grain yield collected during the two growing seasons, 1M:2S (1.74) and 1M:2C (1.69) intercropping systems should be suggested.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intercropping, land equivalent ratio; legume; maize; soil compaction; yield

Mısır/baklagil birlikte ekiminin verimlilik ve toprak sıkışıklığı üzerine etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırma Türkiye’nin batısında mısır/baklagil birlikte ekiminin ürün verimliliği ve toprak sıkışıklığı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme 7 uygulamadan oluşmuştur: saf mısır (Zea mays L.), börülce (Vigna sinensis L.) ve soya (Glycine max L.) ekimi, ve 2 farklı ekim düzeni (1 ve 2 sıralı) ve 4 mısır-baklagil birlikte ekim serisi. Birlikte ekim mısırda bitki boyu, 1000 tane ağırlığı, ilk koçan yüksekliği ve tane verimini önemli bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Sonuçlar saf mısır ve mısır+soya çift sıra ekim sisteminin sırasıyla 11680.2 kg ha-1 ve 8990.5 kg ha-1 tane verimi verdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Alan eşdeğer oranının 1’den büyük olması, bu üretim sisteminin alan kullanımı açısından karlı olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek alan eşdeğer oranı (1.743), çift sıralı mısır ve soya birlikte ekiminden elde edilmiştir. Baklagiller ile birlikte ekim ardışık sıralara ekimde makine yoğunluğundan dolayı toprak sıkışıklığını önemli bir şekilde artırmıştır. İki yıllık veriler birlikte ekim sisteminde daha iyi alan eşdeğer oranı, güneş enerjisinden daha iyi yararlanma, bitki gelişimi ve verimi açısından 1M:2C (1.69) ve 1M:2S (1.74) ekim sisteminin önerilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birlikte ekim, alan eşdeğer oranı, baklagil; mısır; toprak sıkışıklığı; verim

Kaynakça

• Abdel Aziz, M., Abou Elela, U., Abd El Razek, A., Khalil, H.E., 2012. Yield and its components of maize/soybean intercropping systems as affected by planting time and distribution. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(13): 238-245.
• Abuzar, M.R., Sadozai, G.U., Baloch, M.S., Baloch, A.A., Shah, I.H., Javaid, T., Hussain, N., 2011. Effect of plant population densities on yield of maize. The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 21(4): 692-695.
• Addo Quaye, A.A., Darkwa, A.A., Ocloo, G.K., 2011. Yield and productivity of component crops in a maize-soybean intercropping system as affected by time of planting and spatial arrangement. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(9):50-57.
• Afe, A.I., Atanda, S., 2015. Percentage yield difference, an index for evaluating intercropping efficiency. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(5): XX-XX.
• Alhaji, İ.H., 2008. Yield performance of some cowpea varieties under sole and intercropping with maize at Bauchi, Nigeria. African Research Review, 2(3): 278-291.
• Birteeb, P.T., Addah, W., Jakper, N., Addo Kwafo, A., 2011. Effects of intercropping cereal-legume on biomass and grain yield in the savannah zone. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23(9).
• Dariush, M., Ahad, M., Meysam, O., 2006. Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn [Zea mays L.] varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(2): 359-364.
• Erdoğdu, İ., 2004. Farklı sıralara ekilen mısır ve soya bitkisinde ekim oranlarının bazı bitkisel özellikler ve yem verimine etkileri. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üni., Fen Bilimleri Ens., Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı. Ankara, 95 p.
• Ertürk, E., 2011. Mısır (Zea mays L.) /Baklagil Birlikte Ekim Sisteminde Baklagillerin Mısır Bitkisinin Verim ve Verim Öğelerine Etkisi. Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu, 35 p.
• Geren, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Soya, H., Kır, B., 2007. İkinci ürün koşullarında mısır (Zea mays L.)’ın börülce (Vigna unguiculata L.) ve fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ile birlikte ekiminin tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkisi. Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg., 44(3): 27-41.
• Geren, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Soya, H., Kır, B., 2008. Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(22): 4100-4104.
• Hauggaard Nielsen, H., Jørnsgaard, B., Kinane, J., Jensen, E.S., 2007. Grain legume–cereal intercropping: The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 23(1): 3-12.
• Ijoyah, M.O., Ogar, A.O., Ojo, G.O.S., 2013. Soybean-maize intercropping on yield and system productivity in Makurdi. Central Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Crop Science, 2(4):49-55.
• Leggett, Z., 2013. Evaluating environmental effects of managing loblolly pine plantations intercropped with switchgrass for biofuel production. Available from URL: http://www.se-ibss.org/news-events/featured-stories/evaluating-environmental-effects-of-managing-loblolly-pine-pinus-taeda-l.-plantations-intercropped-with-switchgrass-panicum-virgatum-l.-for-biofuel-production [Accessed 08 July 2014].
• Lemlem, A., 2013 The effect of intercropping maize with cowpea and lablab on crop yield. Herald Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Research, 2(5): 156-170.
• Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A., Damalas, C.A., Vlachostergios, D.N., 2011. Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal Crop Science, 5(4): 396-410.
• Muoneke, C.O., Ogwuche, M.A.O., Kalu, B.A., 2007. Effect of maize planting density on the performance of maize/soybean intercropping system in a guinea savannah agroecosystem. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(12): 667-677.
• Pekşen, E., Gülümser, A., Bozoğlu, H., 1999. Karışık ekim sistemlerinin verimliliğini etkileyen bazı agronomik faktörler. OMÜ. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 14(3): 204-218.
• Prasad, R.B., Brook, R.M., 2005. Effect of varying maize densities on intercropped maize and soybean in Nepal. Experimental Agiculture, 41: 365-382.
• Raza, M.H., Sadozai, G.U., Baloch, M.S., Khan, E.A., Din, I., Wasim, K., 2012. Effect of irrigation levels on growth and yield mungbean. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11(10): 974-977.
• Rusinamhodzi, L., Corbeels, M., Nyamangara, J., Giller, K.E., 2012. Maize-grain legume intercropping is an attractive option for ecological intensification that reduces climatic risk for smallholder farmers in central Mozambique. Field Crop Research, 136: 12-22.
• Sabancı, İ., 2015. Mısır-Soya Birlikte Üretim Şekillerinin Bazı Agronomik Özelliklere Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Aydın, 101 p.
• Shahbazi, M., Sarajuoghi, M., 2012. Evaluating maize yield in intercropping with mungbean. Annals of Biological Research, 3(3): 1434-1436.
• Sikirou, R., Wydra, K., 2008. Effect of intercropping cowpea with maize or cassava on cowpea bacterial blight and yield. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 115(4): 145-151.
• SPSS Inc., 1999. SPSS for Windows: Base 10.0 Applications Guide. Chicago, IIlionis.
• Takım, F.O., 2012. Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research, 1(4): 53-59.
• Tiryaki, M.K., Akman, Z., Kara, B., 2004. Mısır ve fasulye çeşitlerinin karışık ekim sisteminde verim ve bazı agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1): 85-92.
• Tosti, G.G., Guiducci, M., 2010. Durum wheat–faba bean temporary intercropping: Effects on nitrogen supply and wheat quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 33: 157-165.
• Tracy, B.F., Zhang, Y., 2008. Soil compaction, corn yield response and soil nutrient pool dynamics within an integrated crop-livestock system in IIlionis. Crop Science, 48(3): 1211-1218.
• Undie, U.L., Uwah, D.F., Attoe, E.E., 2012. Growth and development of late season maize/soybean intercropping in response to nitrogen and crop arrangement in the forest agro-ecology of South Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1): 1-16.
• Undie, L.U., Uwah, D.F., Umoetuk, S.B.A., Attoe, E.E., Effa, E.B., 2013. Response of late season maize/soybean intercropping to nitrogen in the humid environment of South Southern Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 3(10): 84-91.
• Ward, B., Roe, B.E., Batte, M.T., 2013. Potential profitability of strip intercropping with corn and soybeans. 19th International Farm Management Congress, SGGW, Warsaw, Poland. July 2013. Http://Ohioagmanager.Osu.Edu/Financial-Management/ Potential-Profitability-Of-Strip-İntercropping-With-Corn-And-Soybeans/ [Accessed 16 May 2014].
• Wekesa, R., Naliaka, P., Simiyu, J.M., 2015. Seed quality of three soybean varieties as influenced by intercropping time and arrangement in maize. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(6): 505-514.
• Zegada-Lizarazu, W., Izumi, Y., Iijima, M., 2006. Water competition of intercropped pearl millet with cowpea under drought and soil compaction stress. Plant Production Science, 9: 123-132.