Sığ toprakta sulamadan etkilenen mısır ve sorgum çeşitlerinin su kullanım etkinliği, verimi ve besin değeri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 358 - 366, 15.10.2017

Ferat Uzun Ali Vaiz Garipoğlu Nuh Ocak

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.293642

Cited By: 4

Öz

Sığ toprakta, sulanan yemlik mısır ve sorgum çeşitlerinin sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği (SSKE) ve bazı tarımsal ve besin değeri özellikleri için; iki mısır ve yedi sorgum çeşidi, doğal yağış alan (YA) ve doğal yağış artı sulama yapılan (SU) tarla koşullarında 3 yıllık bir sürede değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme, tesadüf bloklarında bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür Sulama, yem bitkilerinin bitki yüksekliğini artırırken, metabolik enerji ve nispi yem değerlerini düşürmüştür. Sulamadan bağımsız olarak, sığ toprakta agronomik ve besleme özellikleri bakımından sorgum çeşitleri mısır çeşitlerinden daha avantajlı bulunmuştur. Sulanan yemlik çeşitler, sulanmayan çeşitlere göre daha yüksek verim ve besleme kalitesine sahip olmuşlardır. Jumbo, Grazer, Hayday, El Rey ve Gözde çeşitlerinin SSKE değerleri diğer sorgum çeşitlerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. El Rey (en yüksek) ve Rox (en düşük) hariç, diğer tüm çeşitlerin SSKE değerleri benzer bulunmuştur. Rox ve Early Sumak hariç, sorgum çeşitlerinin bitki yükseklikleri ve kuru madde (KM), sindirilebilir KM (SKM) ve ham protein (HP) verimleri, mısır çeşitlerinden daha yüksek olmuştur. KM, SKM ve HP bakımından çeşitler karşılaştırıldığında sıralama şu şekilde olmuştur: Rx-893 = Karadeniz Yildizi = Rox = Early Sumak ≤ Gözde = Grazer = Hayday = Jumbo = El Rey. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Besleme değeri, Bitki morfolojisi, Kimyasal kompozisyon, Su stresi

Water use efficiency, yield, and nutritive value of maize and sorghum cultivars irrigated in a shallow soil

Öz

To investigate the changes
in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and some agronomic and nutritional
characteristics of forage maize and sorghum cultivars (cvs) irrigated in a
shallow soil, two maize and seven sorghum cvs were evaluated in rain-fed (NIR)
and irrigated (IR) field conditions for a 3-year period. The experimental
design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. The
irrigation increased plant height of forages whereas decreased metabolizable
energy and relative feed values. There was an advantage for sorghum cvs over
maize cvs regarding to agronomic and nutritional traits in a shallow soil,
irrespective of irrigation. The IR-cvs had higher yield and nutritional quality
compared to the NIR-cvs. The IWUE values of Jumbo, Grazer, Hayday, El Rey and
Gozde cvs were higher than those of other sorghum cvs. The studied cvs, except
for El Rey (the highest) and Rox (the lowest) had similar IWUE values. The
plant heights and dry matter (DM), digestible DM (DDM) and crude protein (CP)
yields of sorghum cvs were greater than those of maize cvs, except for Rox and
Early sumac. When cvs classes were compared for the yields of DM, DDM and CP,
the classes ranked in the following order: Rx-893 = Karadeniz Yildizi = Rox =
Early Sumac ≤ Gözde = Grazer = Hayday = Jumbo = El Rey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chemical composition, Feed value, Forage, Plant morphology

Kaynakça

• Cichota, R., Kelliher, F.M, Thomas, S.M., Clemens, G., Fraser, P.M., Carrick, S., 2016. Effects of irrigation intensity on preferential solute transport in a stony soil. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 59(2), 141-155. doi:org/10.1080/00288233.2016.1155631.
• Islam, M., Garcia, S., Horadagoda, A., 2012. Effects of irrigation and rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter yield, proportions of plant fractions of maize and nutritive value and in vitro gas production characteristics of whole crop maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172(3-4), 125-135. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.013.
• Jefferson, P.G., Mayland, H.F., Asay, K.H., Berdahl, J.D., 2001. Variation in mineral concentration and grass tetany potential among Russian Wildrye Accessions. Crop Science, 41(2), 543-548. doi:10.2135/cropsci2001.412543x.
• Kim, H.K., Luquet, D., van Oosterom, E., Dingkuhn, M., Hammer, G., 2010a. Regulation of tillering in sorghum, genotypic effects. Annual Botanical, 106(1), 69-78. doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq080.
• Kim, H.K., van Oosterom, E., Dingkuhn, M., Luquet, D., Hammer, G., 2010b. Regulation of tillering in sorghum, environmental effects. Annual Botanical, 106(1), 57-67. doi:org/10.1093/aob/mcq079.
• Kiziloglu, F.M., Sahin, U., Kuslu, Y., Tunç, T., 2009. Determining water–yield relationship, water use efficiency, crop and pan coefficients for silage maize in a semiarid region. Irrigation Science, 27(2), 129-137. doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0127-y.
• Moore, J.E., Undersander, D.J., 2002. Relative forage quality: An alternative to relative feed value and quality index. Proc 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, p. 16–32, January 10-11, University of Florida, USA.
• Muchow, R.C., 1989. Comparative productivity of maize sorghum and pearl millet in a semi-arid tropical environment. II. Effect of water deficits. Field Crops Research, 20(3), 207-219. doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(89)90080-4.
• Garofalo, P., Rinaldi, M., 2013. Water-use efficiency of irrigated biomass sorghum in a Mediterranean environment. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(4), 1153-1169. doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013114-4147.
• Ors, S., Sahin, U., Kiziloglu, F.M., 2015. Yield, quality and irrigation water use of drip-irrigated silage maize with different irrigation techniques. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 52(3), 595-607.
• Payero, J.O., Melvin, S., Irmak, S., Tarkalson, D., 2006. Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate. Agricultural Water Management, 84(1-2), 101-112. doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009.
• Rostamza, M., Chaichi, M.R., Jahansouz, M.R., Rahimian, M.H., Sharifi, H.R., 2011. Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on multi-cut pearl millet forage yield, nitrogen, and water use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(20), 2427-2440. doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.609252.
• Rostamza, M., Richards, R.A., Watt, M., 2013. Response of millet and sorghum to a varying water supply around the primary and nodal roots. Annual Botany, 112(2), 439-446. doi:org/10.1093/aob/mct099.
• Xin, H., Abeysekara, S., Zhang, X., Yu, P., 2015. Magnitude differences in agronomic, chemical, nutritional, and structural features among different varieties of forage corn grown on dry land and irrigated land. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 63(9), 2383-2391. doi.org/10.1021/jf505911a.
• Yosef, E., Carmi, A., Nikbachat, M., Zenou, A., Umiel, N., Miron, J., 2009. Characteristics of tall versus short-type varieties of forage sorghum grown under two irrigation levels, for summer and subsequent fall harvests, and digestibility by sheep of their silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 152(1-2), 1-11. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.01.018.
• Zhang, L., Clarke, M.L., Steven, M.D., Jaggard, K.W., 2011. Spatial patterns of wilting in sugar beet as an indicator for precision irrigation. Precision Agriculture. 12(2), 296-316. doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9177-2.
• Rostamza, M., Chaichi, M.R., Jahansouz, M.R., Rahimian, M.H., Sharifi, H.R., 2011. Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on multi-cut pearl millet forage yield, nitrogen, and water use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(20), 2427-2440. doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.609252.
• Rostamza, M., Richards, R.A., Watt, M., 2013. Response of millet and sorghum to a varying water supply around the primary and nodal roots. Annual Botany, 112(2), 439-446. doi:org/10.1093/aob/mct099.
• Xin, H., Abeysekara, S., Zhang, X., Yu, P., 2015. Magnitude differences in agronomic, chemical, nutritional, and structural features among different varieties of forage corn grown on dry land and irrigated land. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 63(9), 2383-2391. doi.org/10.1021/jf505911a.
• Yosef, E., Carmi, A., Nikbachat, M., Zenou, A., Umiel, N., Miron, J., 2009. Characteristics of tall versus short-type varieties of forage sorghum grown under two irrigation levels, for summer and subsequent fall harvests, and digestibility by sheep of their silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 152(1-2), 1-11. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.01.018.
• Zhang, L., Clarke, M.L., Steven, M.D., Jaggard, K.W., 2011. Spatial patterns of wilting in sugar beet as an indicator for precision irrigation. Precision Agriculture. 12(2), 296-316. doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9177-2.
• Rostamza, M., Chaichi, M.R., Jahansouz, M.R., Rahimian, M.H., Sharifi, H.R., 2011. Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on multi-cut pearl millet forage yield, nitrogen, and water use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(20), 2427-2440. doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.609252.
• Rostamza, M., Richards, R.A., Watt, M., 2013. Response of millet and sorghum to a varying water supply around the primary and nodal roots. Annual Botany, 112(2), 439-446. doi:org/10.1093/aob/mct099.
• Xin, H., Abeysekara, S., Zhang, X., Yu, P., 2015. Magnitude differences in agronomic, chemical, nutritional, and structural features among different varieties of forage corn grown on dry land and irrigated land. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 63(9), 2383-2391. doi.org/10.1021/jf505911a.
• Yosef, E., Carmi, A., Nikbachat, M., Zenou, A., Umiel, N., Miron, J., 2009. Characteristics of tall versus short-type varieties of forage sorghum grown under two irrigation levels, for summer and subsequent fall harvests, and digestibility by sheep of their silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 152(1-2), 1-11. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.01.018.
• Zhang, L., Clarke, M.L., Steven, M.D., Jaggard, K.W., 2011. Spatial patterns of wilting in sugar beet as an indicator for precision irrigation. Precision Agriculture. 12(2), 296-316. doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9177-2.