Ergenlerde İntihar Olasılığı: Benlik Saygısı ve Öfke Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17, 1522 - 1543, 31.03.2019

Fulya Cenkseven Önder Ayten Bölükbaşı

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.528723

Cited By: 2

Öz

Araştırmada (a) ergenlerde intihar olasılığının, benlik saygısı, sürekli
öfke, içe yönelik öfke, dışa yönelik öfke ve öfkenin kontrolü arasındaki
ilişkileri ve (b) benlik saygısı, sürekli öfke, içe yönelik öfke, dışa yönelik
öfke ve öfkenin kontrolünün intihar olasılığını ne düzeyde yordadığını
incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada “İntihar Olasılığı Ölçeği”, “Rosenberg
Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği” ve “Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzları Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 214 kadın (%50.2), 212 erkek (%49.8) olmak üzere
toplam 426 lise öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunda yer
alan öğrenciler 15-18 yaş aralığında olup, yaş ortalamaları 15.89’dur (Ss=.85).
Araştırmada değişkenler arası ilişkileri belirlemek üzere Pearson Çarpım
Momentler Korelasyon analizi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda intihar olasılığı ile benlik saygısı ve
öfke kontrolü arasında negatif yönde; benlik saygısı sürekli öfke, içe ve dışa
yönelik öfke arasında ise pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.
Regresyon analizi sonucunda öfke kontrolü değişkeni dışındaki tüm değişkenlerin
intihar olasılığının anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İntihar olasılığı, Benlik saygısı, Öfke, Öfke ifade tarzları

Suicide Probability in Adolescents: Relationship to Self-Esteem, and Anger

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the
relationships between suicide probability, self-esteem, trait-anger, anger-in,
anger-out and anger control and also to reveal the predictive power of
self-esteem, trait-anger, and anger-in, anger-out and anger control on suicide
probability among adolescents. In this research, “Suicide Probability”,
“Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale”, and “The State-Trait Anger Scale” were used.
This research was conducted on 426 high school students (214 females, 50.2%;
212 males, 49.8%). Participants ranged in age between 15 and 18 years and mean
age of the participants was 15.89 (sd=.85). Pearson correlational analysis and
multiple linear regression were conducted to reveal the relationships between
study variables. According to research results, it was concluded that suicide
probability was negatively correlated with self-esteem and anger control,
whereas it was positively correlated with trait anger, anger-in, anger-out.
Also, all variables of the research apart from anger control were found to be a
significant predictor of suicide probability among adolescents in present
study. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suicide probability, Anger, Self-esteem, Anger expression styles

Kaynakça

• Akın, E. ve Berkem, M. (2012). İntihar girişiminde bulunan ergenlerde öfke ve dürtüsellik. Marmara Medical Journal, 25, 148-52.
• Batıgün, A.D. ve Şahin, N.H. (2003). Öfke, dürtüsellik ve problem çözme becerilerindeki yetersizlik, gençlik intiharlarının habercisi olabilir mi? Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 18(51), 37-52.
• Baumeister, R.F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97(1), 90–113.
• Bernstein-Duprey, E., Oshri, A. ve Liu, S. (2018). Childhood maltreatment, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation in a low-ses emerging adult sample: The moderating role of heart rate variability. Archives of SuicideResearch, DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1430640.
• Bhar, S., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Brown, G. ve Beck, A.T. (2008). Self-esteem and suicide ideation in psychiatric out patients. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), 511–516.
• Biaggio, M.K. ve Maiuro, R.D. (1985). Recent advances in anger assessment. C. Spielberger ve J. Butcher (Yay.Haz.). Advances in personality assessment içinde (s.161–189). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
• Bridge, J., Goldstein, T. ve Brent, D. (2006). Adolescents suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal Child Psychol Psychiatry, 47, 372–94.
• Cengiz, A. (2018). Üniversite mezunu işsiz bireylerde benlik saygısı, psikolojik dayanıklılık, umutsuzluk ve intihar bilişleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Lefkoşa.
• Cenkseven-Önder, F. (2018). Social support and coping styles in predicting suicide probability among Turkish adolescents. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 145 – 154.
• Chatard, A., Selimbegović, L. ve Konan, P. K. (2009). Self-esteem and suicide rates in 55 nations. European Journal of Personality, 23, 19–32.
• Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. W.H. Freemanand Company, San Francisco.
• Creemers, D. H., Scholte, R. H., Engels, R. C., Prinstein, M. J. ve Wiers, R. W. (2012). Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 638-646.
• Cull, J. G. ve Gill, W. S. (1990). Suicide probability scale manual. Western psychological services, Los Angeles.
• Çuhadaroglu, F. (1986). Ergenlerde benlik saygısı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Dahlen, E.R. ve Martin, R.C. (2005). The experience, expression, and control of anger in perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(2), 391-401.
• Daniel, S.S., Goldston, D.B., Erkanli, A., Franklin, J.C. ve Mayfield, A.M. (2009). Trait anger, anger expression, and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults: A prospective study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(5), 661–671.
• Deffenbacher, J.L., Lynch, R.S., Oetting, E.R. ve Kemper, C.C. (1996). Anger reduction in early adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(2), 149-157.
• Eskin, M., Ertekin, K., Dereboy, Ç. ve Demirkıran, F. (2007). Risk factors for and protective factors against adolescent suicidal behavior in Turkey. Crisis, 28, 131-139.
• Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J. ve Horwood, L.J. (2000). Risk factors and life processes associated with the onset suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 30, 23-39.
• Fox, C. ve Hawton, K. (2004) Deliberate self-harm in adolescence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• Harter, S. (2012). The construction of the self: developmental and sociocultural foundations. New York, NY: Guilford.
• Harter, S. ve Marold, D.B. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors contributing to adolescent suicidal ideation. G. G. Noam ve S. Borst (Yay. Haz.), Children, youth, and suicide: Developmental perspectives. New directions for child development içinde, (s. 71–91). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J. W.(2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Studies, 14(3), 206-221.
• Hisli Şahin, N., Onur, A. ve Basım, H. N. (2008). İntihar olasılığının, öfke, dürtüsellik ve problem çözme becerilerindeki yetersizlik ile yordanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 23(62), 79-88.
• Hjelmeland, H., Hawton, K., Nordvik, H., Bille-Brahe, U., De Leo, D., Fekete, S., … Wasserman, D. (2002). Why people engage in parasuicide: A cross-cultural study of intentions. Suicide Life ThreatBehavior, 32 (4), 380-93.
• Jang, J., Park, J., Oh, K., Lee, K., Sig, M., Yoon, M., … Chung, Y. (2014). Predictors of suicidal ideation in a community sample: Roles of anger, self-esteem, and depression. Psychiatry Research, 216(1), 74–81.
• Karataş, Z. ve Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2018). Beliren yetişkinlikte intihar olasılığı: Stresle başetme, öfke ve cinsiyet açısından bir inceleme. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 450-462.
• Kerr, D.C.R., Owen, L.D., Pears, K.C. ve Capaldi, D.M. (2008). Prevalence of suicidal ideation among boys and men assessed annually from ages 9 to 29 years. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 390-402.
• Kim, Y.H. (2003). Correlation of mental health problems with psychological constructs in adolescence: Final results from a 2-year study. International Journal Nursing Studies, 40, 115-124.
• Kim, H.S. ve Kim, H.S. (2008). Risk factors for suicide attempts among Korean adolescents. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 39, 221-235.
• Kirkcaldy, B.D., Siefen, G.R., Urkin, J. ve Merrick, J. (2006). Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents. Minerva Pediatrica, 58, 443–450.
• Kuhlberg, J.A., Pena, J.B. ve Zayas, L.H. (2010). Familism, parent-adolescent conflict, self-esteem, internalizing behaviors and suicide attempts among adolescent Latinas. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 41, 425–440.
• Lee, J., Choi, H., Kim, M., Park, C. ve Shin, D. (2009). Anger as a predictor of suicidal ideation in middle-school students in Korea: Gender difference in threshold point. Adolescence, 44(174), 433-446.
• Lee, E. ve Mokuah, N. (2002). Meeting the mental health needs of Asians and pacific islander Americans. http://www.consumerstar. org/pubs/ MeetingAsian.pdf adresinden 01.01.2019 tarihinde erişildi. Martin, G., Richardson, A.S., Bergen, H.A., Roeger, L. ve Allison, S. (2005). Perceived academic performance, self-esteem and locus of control as indicators of need for assessment of adolescent suicide risk: Implications for teachers. Journal of Adolescence, 28 (1), 75-87.
• McGee, R., Williams, S. ve Nada-RajaS. (2001). Low self-esteem and hopelessness inchildhood and suicidal ideation in early adult-hood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 281–291.
• McKinney, J.M.,.Hirsch, J.K. ve Britton, P.C. (2017). PTSD symptoms and suicide risk in veterans: Serial indirect effects via depression and anger. Journal of Affective Disorders. 214, 100-107.
• Moskos, M., Olson, L., Halbern, S., Keller, T. ve Gray, D. (2005). Utah youth suicide study: psychologicalautopsy. Suicide Life Threat Behavior, 35 (5), 36–46.
• O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S. ve Hawton, K. (2009). Predicting deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A six month prospective study. Suicide Life Threat Behaviour, 39, 364–75.
• Orbach, I., Mikulincer, M., Gilboa-Schechtman, E. ve Sirota, P. (2003). Mental pain and its relationship to suicidality and life meaning. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(3), 231-241.
• Overholser, J.C., Adams, D.M., Lehnert, K.L. ve Brinkman, D. (1995). Self-esteem deficits and suicidal tendencies among adolescents. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(7), 919-928.
• Özer, A.K. (1994). Sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzı ölçekleri ön çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 26-35.
• Park, Y.J., Ryu, H., Han, K., Kwon, J.H., Kim, H.K., Kang, H.C., … Shin, H. (2010). Suicidal ideation in adolescents: An explanatory model using LISREL. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 32(2),168-184.
• Patterson, C. ve Hastings, P. (2007). Socialization in thecontext of family diversity. Grusec, J. ve Hastings, P. (Yay. Haz.). Hand-book of socialization: Theory and research içinde (s. 328-351). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Reyes, S.M.E., Cayubit, R.F.O., Angala, M.H., Bries, S.C. Capalungan, J.T. Docdoc, J., … Rayos, K.M. (2015). North American Journal of Psychology, 17(1), 113-118.
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self- image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Sharma, B., Lee, T.H. ve Nam, E.W. (2017). Loneliness, insomnia and suicidal behavior among school-going adolescents in Western Pacific Island Countries: Role of violence and injury. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7), 791-782.
• Silva, R.J.D.S., Santos, F.A.L.D., Soares, N.M.M., Pardono, E. (2014). Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in North Eastern Brazil. The Scientific World Journal, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/450943
• Şimşek, E. (2003). Ergenlerde intihar düşüncesinin yordayıcıları. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
• Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. Advances in Personality Assessment, Hillsdale, 159-160.
• Starner, T.M. ve Peters, R.M. (2004). Anger expression and blood pressure in adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 20 (6), 335-342.
• Steinberg, L. (2017). Ergenlik. F. Çok (Yay. Haz.), Ergenlikte Psikososyal Sorunlar içinde (s.481-520). Ankara: İmge Kitapevi Yayınları.
• Şevik, A. E. ve Özcan, H. (2012). Kastamonu ilinde intihar girişimlerinin psikososyal değerlendirmesi: Krizi önleme ve müdahale yöntemleri nasıl olmalı? Klinik Psikiyatri, 15, 153-165.
• Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.), Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Tuğcu, H. (1996). Normal ve depresif kişilerde çeşitli faktörlere göre intihar olasılığı. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Westefeld, J. S., Button, C., Haley, J. T., Kettmann, J. J, Macconnell, J., Sandil, R. ve Tallman, B. (2006). College student suicide: A call to action. Death Studies, 30 (10), 931–56.
• World Health Organization (2012). Public health action for the prevention of suicide: A framework. 12 Şubat 2019 tarihinde https://apps.-who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75166/9789241503570_eng.-pdf;-jsessionid=A82F3FAED90DFD2CF66BFC882-F3977FC?sequence=1 adresinden erişildi.
• World Health Organization (2014). Preventing suicide a global imperative. Luxembourg: WHO Library Catalog. 12 Şubat 2019 tarihinde https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/131056/978924-1564779_eng.pdf?sequence=1 adresinden erişildi.
• World Health Organization (2017). Surveillance of suicide and suicide attempts. 25 Ocak 2019 tarihinde http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/en/ adresinden erişildi.
• TÜİK (2015). İntihar istatistikleri 2015. 10 Ocak 2019 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbPrint.do?id=21516 adresinden erişildi.
• Vajani, M., Annest, J.L., Crosby, A.E., Alexander, J.D.ve Millet, L.M. (2007). Non fatal and fatal self-harm injuries among children aged 10–14 years - United Statesand Oregon, 2001–2003. Suicide Life Threat Behavior, 37(5), 493–506.
• Wilburn, V.R. ve Smith, D.E. (2005). Stress, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation in late adolescents. Adolescence, 40 (157), 39-45.
• Wild, L.G., Flisher, A.J. ve Lombard, C. (2004). Suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents: Associations with depression and six domains of self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 611–624.
• Yount, M.A. (2000). Loneliness lack of perceived social support and the development of anger in adolescents. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, California State University.