Kiral kirleticiler ve çevresel önemi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 6, 486 - 496, 20.12.2016

Emine Can Güven Dilek Bolat Kadir Gedik Perihan Binnur Kurt Karakuş

Öz

Kiralite,
canlı sistemlerden doğal ve sentetik organik maddelere kadar hayatımızın birçok
alanında bulunmaktadır. En genel ifadeyle ayna görüntüsü kendisiyle çakışmayan
maddeler olarak tanımlanan kiral moleküller, başta ilaç sanayi ve tıp olmak
üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu maddelere ait ayna
görüntülerinden her biri enantiyomer olarak adlandırılır ve kiral maddelere ait
enantiyomerlerden biri kullanım amacına uygun hareket ederken diğeri veya her
ikisi de çevresel ortamlarda kirliliğe ve canlılarda toksik etkiye neden
olabilmektedir. Enantiyomerlerin yalnızca biyolojik değişime uğrama
potansiyelleri farklılık göstermekte, bu özelliği sebebiyle kiral kirleticiler,
güncel kirliliğin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla çevresel kirlilik araştırmalarına
konu olmaktadır. Toprak, sediman, hava ve su ortamının yanı sıra canlılarda da,
başta kromatografik yöntemler olmak üzere çeşitli metotlarla tespit
edilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, kiralite ve çevresel açıdan önem arz eden kiral
bileşiklerin özellikleri, analiz yöntemleri ve çevredeki akıbetleri
değerlendirilmiştir. Çeşitli avantajları nedeniyle endüstriyel uygulamalarda
geniş yer bulan kiral bileşiklerden kullanım amacının dışında çevreye salınan
bileşikler, biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle çevresel izleme çalışmalarında
önem arz etmektedir. Ülkemizde çevresel ortamlarda henüz araştırmalara konu
olmaya başlayan kiral kirleticilerin akıbetinin değerlendirilmesi açısından
enantiyoseçici davranışlarının anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enantiyomer, Farmasötik, Kalıcı organik kirleticiler, Kromatografi, Pestisit, Rasemik

Chiral pollutants and their significance in the environment

Öz

Chirality
exists in a wide range of objects in the universe from living creatures to
natural or synthetic organic materials. As a common expression, any objects
that are not superimposable on its mirror image are described as chiral
molecules, and such materials are used in various fields including
pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Each mirror image of chiral molecules are
called enantiomer and while one of the enantiomers may be active and more toxic
than the other in its application area and once they enter to the environmental
compartments less-active enantiomer or both enantiomers can cause environmental
pollution and toxicity on living organisms. Enantiomers show difference in
biological degradation such that this property is used as a useful tool in
environmental pollution assessment/research studies. In addition to the
environmental compartments such as soil, sediment, air and water, they are also
analyzed in living organisms by various methods including primarily the
chromatographic methods. In this review, chirality and the properties, analysis
methods and fate of the chiral chemicals which have significance in the
environmental studies are presented. Due to various advantages, chiral
chemicals are used in several industrial products and once they are released to
the environment, they become environmentally concerned pollutants and play an
important role in environmental monitoring studies due to their biological
activities. In our country, although it is very limited, chiral pollutants have
already became subject to monitoring studies, hence, understanding the
enantioselective degradation of such chemicals in different environmental
compartments is important to assess the fate of these chemicals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chromatography, Enantiomer, Persistent organic pollutants, Pesticide, Pharmaceutical, Racemic

Kaynakça

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