Nem ve sıcaklık algılama için iletken poli(o-toluidin)/kaolinit kompozitlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 7, 1278 - 1283, 28.12.2018

Filiz Boran , Sevil Çetinkaya , Meral Karakışla , Mehmet Saçak

Öz

İletken poli(o-toluidin)/kaolinit kompoziti,
kaolinit varlığında yükseltgen olarak amonyum persülfat kullanılarak
o-toluidinin kimyasal polimerizasyonu ile hazırlandı. Hazırlanan iletken
kompozitin nem ve sıcaklık algılayıcısı olarak kullanımını araştırabilmek için
kompozitin içerdiği iletken POT miktarı ve kompozitin iletkenlik değerlerine
polimerizasyon koşullarından HCl, o-toluidin ve yükseltgen madde derişimlerinin
etkisi incelendi. En yüksek poli(o-toluidin) miktarı (%29.4) ve iletkenliğe
sahip (8.3×10^-4 Scm^-1) kompozitin 0.2 M amonyum
persülfat, 0.4 M o-toluidin ve 1.0 M hidroklorik asit kullanılarak 20 °C
sıcaklıkta ve 2 sa. sürdürülen polimerizasyon ile elde edildiği bulundu. Saf
poli(o-toluidin) ve poli(o-toluidin)/kaolinit kompozitinin direnç değerleri
0-100 °C sıcaklık aralığında tekrar edilen ısıtma-soğutma işlemleri sırasında
izlenerek sıcaklığa karşı duyarlılığı incelendi. Bağıl nem oranı %30-90
arasında değiştirilen ortamlarda saf poli(o-toluidin) ve kompozitin direnç
değerleri ölçülerek nem sensör davranışı belirlendi. Hazırlanan kompozitin
karakterizasyonu Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), X-Işınları kırınımı (XRD), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve taramalı
elektron mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri ile yapıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Poli(o-toluidin), Kaolinit, Kompozit, İletken polimer, Sıcaklık sensör, Nem sensör

Synthesis and characterization of poly(o-toluidine)/kaolinite conductive composites for humidity and temperature sensing

Öz

Conductive
poly(o-toluidine)/kaolinite composite was synthesized via chemical
polymerization of o-toluidine in the availability of kaolinite using ammonium
persulfate as oxidizing agent. To investigate the use of the prepared
conductive composite as humidity and temperature sensor, the effect of
polymerization conditions such as HCl, o-toluidine and oxidant concentrations
on the amount of conductive POT contained in the composite and the conductivity
values of composites were investigated. It was found that the composites with
the highest poly (o-toluidine) content (29.4%) and conductivity (8.3×10-4 Scm^-1)
were obtained by 0.2 M ammonium persulfate, 0.4 M o-toluidine and 1 M
hydrochloric acid for 2 hours of continuous polymerization at 20 °C. The
resistivity values of pure poly(o-toluidine) and poly (o-toluidine)/kaolinite composite were monitored during heating-cooling cycles
in the range of 0-100 °C. Changes in resistivity for pure poly(o-toluidine) and
poly(o-toluidine)/kaolinite composite with humidity 30-90% were examined and
humidity sensor behavior was determined. Characterization of the prepared
composite was performed by Fourier transform ınfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron
microscopy techniques (SEM).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Poly(o-toluidine), Kaolinite, Composite, Conductive polymer, Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor

Kaynakça

• Elbokl TA, Detellier C. “Aluminosilicate nanohybrid materials. Intercalation of polystyrene in kaolinite”. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 67(5-6), 950-955, 2006.
• Singla ML, Awasthi S, Srivastava A. “Humidity sensing; using polyaniline/Mn3O4 composite doped with organic/inorganic acids”. Sensors and Actuators B, 127, 580-585, 2007.
• Hyun JE, Lee PC, Tatsumi I. “Preparation and electrochemical properties of sulfur-polypyrrole composite cathodes for electric vehicle applications”. Electrochimica Acta, 176, 887-892, 2015.
• AL-Oqla MF, Sapuan SM, Anwer T, Jawaid M, Hoque ME. “Natural fiber reinforced conductive polymer composites as functional materials: A review”. Synthetic Metals, 206, 42-54, 2015.
• Kim SY, Noh YJ, Yu J. “Improved thermal conductivity of polymeric composites fabricated by solvent-free processing for the enhanced dispersion of nanofillers and a theoretical approach for composites containing multiple heterogeneities and geometrized nanofillers”. Composites Science and Technology, 101, 79-85, 2014.
• Guo C, Duan H, Dong C, Zhao G, Liu Y, Yang Y. “Preparation of the polypropylene/nickel coated glass fibers conductive composites with a low percolation threshold”. Materials Letters, 143, 124-127, 2015.
• Na-Meng, Zhou N-L. “Blood compatible heparin-benzalkonium modified montmorillonite/PDMS composites”. Applied Clay Science, 70, 22-27, 2012.
• Mohsennia M, Bidgoli MM, Boroumand FA, Nia AM. “Electrically conductive polyaniline as hole-injection layer for MEH-PPV:BT based polymer light emitting diodes”. Materials Science and Engineering B, 197, 25-30, 2015.
• Oraon R, Adhikari A, Tiwari SK, Sahu TS, Nayak GC. “Fabrication of nanoclay based graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite: An efficient ternary electrode material for high performance supercapacitor”. Applied Clay Science, 118, 231-238, 2015.
• Adhikari B, Majumdar S. “Polymers in sensor applications”. Progress in. Polymer. Science, 29, 699-766, 2004.
• Mallick K, Witcomb MJ, Scurrell MS. “In situ synthesis of copper nanoparticles and poly(o-toluidine): A metal-polymer composite material”. European Polymer Journal, 42, 670-675, 2006.
• Borole DD, Kapadi UR, Mahulikar PP, Hundiwale DG. “Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer: Poly(o-aniline-co-o-toluidine)”. Materials Letters, 60, 2447-2452, 2006.
• Bilal S, Shah A-HA, Holze R. “A correlation of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of poly(o-toluidine)”. Electrochimica Acta, 54, 4851-4856, 2009.
• Acar H, Karakisla M, Sacak M. “Preparation and characterization of conductive polypyrrole/kaolinite composites”. Material Science in Semiconductor Processing, 16, 845-850, 2013.
• Anakli D, Cetinkaya S. “Preparation of poly(2-ethyl aniline)/kaolinite composite materilas and investigation of their properties”. Current Applied Physics, 10, 401-406, 2010.
• Erol O, Karakisla M, Unal HI, Saçak M. “Electrorheological properties of polyaniline/K-feldspar conducting composite”. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(11),1295-1304, 2011.
• Duran NG, Karakısla M, Aksu L, Saçak M. “Conducting polyaniline/kaolinite composite: Synthesis, characterization and temperature sensing properties”. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 118, 93-98, 2009.
• Ke YC, Stroeve P. Polymer-Layered Silicate and Silica Nanocomosites. 1th ed. Netherlands, Elsevier, 2005.
• Gardolinski JE, Carrera LCM, Cantao MP,Wypych F. “Layered polymer-kaolinite nanocomposites”. Journal of Materials Science, 35, 3113-3119, 2000.
• Wang YL, Lee BS, Chang KC, Chiu HC, Lin FH, Lin CP. “Characterization, fluoride release and recharge properties of polymer-kaolinite nanocomposite resins”. Composites Science and Technology, 67, 3409-3416, 2007.
• Sun D, Li Y, Zhang B, Pan X. “Preparation and characterization of novel nanocomposites based on polyacrylonitrile/kaolinite”. Composites Science and Technology, 70, 981-988, 2010.
• Kulkarni MV, Viswanath AK. “Spectroscopic, thermal and electrical properties of sulphonic acids doped poly(o-anisidine) and their application as humidity sensor”. Sensors and Actuators B, 107, 791-797, 2005.
• Perry RH, Green DW. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook. 7th ed. The United States of America, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
• Saravanan C, Shekhar RC, Palaniappan S. “Synthesis of polypyrrole using benzoyl peroxide as a novel oxidizing agent”. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 207, 342-348, 2006.
• Chen K, Li L, Tong G, Qiao R, Hao B, Liang X. “Fabrication and absorbing property of microwave absorbers based on BaAl2Fe10O19 and poly(o-toluidine)”. Synthetic Metals, 161, 2192-2198, 2011.