Maden sahası atıklarında bağlayıcı materyal ve Thiobacillus thiooxidans varlığının ağır metal mobilizasyonuna etkisinin araştırılması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 268 - 279, 28.06.2019

Derya Aktaş Görkem Akıncı Duyuşen Güven

Öz

Çalışmada,
terk edilmiş bir Pb-Zn madeni ve işletilmekte olan bor madeni atıklarındaki
arsenik (As), bor (B), kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), kurşun (Pb),
talyum (Tl) ve çinko (Zn) elementlerinin toplam konsantrasyonları, kimyasal
bağlanma formlarındaki dağılımları ile bu elementlerin bağlayıcı materyal ve
asidik bakteri olan Thiobacillus thiooxidans varlığında mobilizasyonları
incelenmiştir. Ayrıca atık ve bağlayıcı materyallerdeki sülfür ve karbonat
miktarları da belirlenerek, statik testlere göre atıkların asit nötralize etme
potansiyeli hesaplanmıştır.  Mobilizasyon
çalışmaları için iki farklı bölgeden temin edilen atık ile bağlayıcı materyal
olarak seçilen leonardit ve evsel katı atık kompostu farklı oranlarda
karıştırılmak suretiyle (10/0, 9.5/0.5, 9/1, 8/2) deneyler yürütülmüştür.
Ayrıca, sülfür oksitleyen bir bakteri olan Thiobacillus thiooxidans’ın ortama
ilave edilmesiyle mobilizasyona olan etkisi çalışılmıştır. Standart bir liç
testi olan EPA 1310B Ekstraksiyon Prosedürü kullanılarak mobilize olan ağır
metaller tespit edilmiş, bulgular SPSS 24 programı ile istatistiksel olarak
değerlendirilerek çalışılan parametreler arasındaki korelasyonlar ortaya
çıkarılmıştır. Leonardit ve kompostun maden atıklarına karıştırılmasıyla, ağır
metal mobilitesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma görülmemiştir.
Ancak farklı bağlayıcı materyaller, ağır metal türüne göre farklı etkiler
göstermiştir.  Sonuç olarak, ortamda
Thiobacillus thiooxidans olması durumunda ağır metal mobilitesinin arttığı ve
bunun öncelikli olarak değişken ve asitle çözülebilir fraksiyonda ve sonrasında
indirgenebilir fraksiyon ile organik fraksiyonlarına bağlı metal miktarı ile doğru
orantılı olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maden atığı, Ağır metal, Mobilizasyon, Thiobacillus thiooxidans

Investigation of the effect of binding material and Thiobacillus thiooxidans on the heavy metals mobilization in the mine tailings

Öz

The
total concentrations of arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu),
manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) in the mine tailings of
an abandoned Pb-Zn mining site and an open boron mining site are investigated
in this study. In addition, heavy metals’ distributions in chemical binding
forms and their mobilities with the presence of binding materials and acidic
bacteria are examined. The amounts of sulfur and carbonate in the waste and
binding materials are also determined according to the static method, in order
to define the acid neutralization potential of the wastes. For mobilization
studies, mine tailings are mixed with with leonardite and domestic solid waste
compost in different ratios (10/0, 9.5 / 0.5, 9/1; 8/2). Independent from the
binding materials, the mobilization effect of sulfur oxidizing Thiobacillus
thiooxidans bacteria has been tested and evaluated. Experiments are conducted
using a standard leach test EPA 1310B Extraction Procedure, and correlations
between the parameters studied were statistically evaluated using the findings
of SPSS 24. Although there is no statistically significant reduction in metals’
mobilization with the use of leonardite and waste compost, it has been concluded
that different binding agents may have different impacts due to the metal type.
As a result, it is understood that metals mobility increases in the presence of
Thiobacillus thiooxidans in the environment, and that the heavy metal mobility
is directly proportional to the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction,
followed by the reducible fraction and the amount of metals bound to the
organic fractions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mining waste, Heavy metal, Mobilization Thiobacillus thiooxidans

Kaynakça

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