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Homework Assignments in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 280 - 288, 12.07.2015

Öz

Homeworks have been considered as an important aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy. Generally aimed to get and give information with homework in the initial sessions while it is aimed to transfer into everyday life of the skills and techniques which were taught in therapy session in the further sessions. Activity planning, self-monitoring, cognition and behavior rating scales, and exposure can be shown among commonly used homeworks. Many studies indicated that patients who adapt and regularly doing their homework showed more improvement than patients who don’t. In addition, studies indicated that homework is an important factor for the effectiveness of therapy and has a positive impact on the results of treatment. For this reason, it is important that therapists who working with the techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy to know details related to application of homeworks and to application the techniques in right time and in the correct way. Aim of this review is to describe homeworks which are particularly used in the cognitive behavioral therapy frame, explain implementation of the processes and commonly used homeworks types. Also describes factors which influencing compliance against homework, finally examined the effectiveness of homework in the process of cognitive behavioral therapy in this article.

 

Kaynakça

  • Addis ME, Jacobson NS (2000) A closer look at the treatment rationale and homework compliance in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognit Ther Res, 24:313–326.
  • Akkoyunlu S, Türkçapar MH (2013) Bir teknik: yüzleştirme tedavisi. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar, 2:121–128.
  • Beck SJ (2011) Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 2nd ed. New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Beck SJ, Tompkins MA (2007) Cognitive Therapy. Handbook of Homework Assignment in Psychoyherapy (Eds N Kazantzis, L L'Abate):51-65. New York, Springer.
  • Bryant MJ, Simons AD, Thase ME (1999) Therapist skill and patient variables in homework compliance: controlling an uncontrolled variable in cognitive therapy outcome research. Cognit Ther Res, 4:381–399.
  • Burns DD, Spangler DL (2000) Does psychotherapy homework lead to improvements in depression in cognitive-behavioral therapy or does improvement lead to increased homework compliance? J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:46–56.
  • Cammin-Nowak S, Helbig-Lang S, Lang T, Gloster AT, Fehm L, Gerlach AL et al. (2013) Specificity of homework compliance effects on treatment outcome in cbt: evidence from a controlled trial on panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Clin Psychol, 69:616–629.
  • Coon DW, Thompson LW (2003) The relationship between homework compliance and treatment outcomes among older adult outpatients with mild-to-moderate depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 11:53–61.
  • Dattilio FM (2002) Homework assignments in couple and family therapy. J Clin Psychol, 58:535–547.
  • Detweiler JB, Whisman MA (1999) The role of homework assignments in cognitive therapy for depression: potential methods for enhancing adherence. Clin Psychol, 6:267-282.
  • Dunn H, Morrison AP, Bentall RP (2002) Practitioner patients’ experiences report of homework tasks in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis: a qualitative analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 9:361–369.
  • Dunn H, Morrison AP, Bentall RP (2006) The relationship between patient suitability, therapeutic alliance, homework compliance and outcome in cognitive therapy for psychosis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:145–152.
  • Edelman RE, Chambless DL (1995) Adherence during sessions and homework in cognitive-behavioral group treatment of social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33:573-577.
  • Fehm L, Mrose J (2008) Patients’ perspective on homework assignments in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15:320–328.
  • Freeman A (2007) The use of homework in cognitive behavior therapy: working with complex anxiety and insomnia. Cogn Behav Pract, 14:261–267.
  • Garland A, Scott J (2002) Using homework in therapy for depression. J Clin Psychol, 58:489–498.
  • Glaser NM, Kazantzis N, Deane FP, Oades LG (2000) Critical issues in using homework assignments within cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther, 18:247–261.
  • Gonzalez VM, Schmitz JM, DeLaune KA (2006) The role of homework in cognitive-behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence. J Consul Clin Psychol, 74:633–637.
  • Haarhoff BA, Kazantzis N (2007) How to supervise the use of homework in cognitive behavior therapy: the role of trainee therapist beliefs. Cogn Behav Pract, 14:325–332.
  • Helbig S, Fehm L (2004) Problems with homework in cbt: rare exception or rather frequent? Behav Cogn Psychother, 32:291–301.
  • Huppert JD, Ledley DR, Foa EB (2006) The use of homework in behavior therapy for anxiety disorders. J Psychother Integr, 16:128–139.
  • Johnson MH, Kazantzis N (2004) Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain: strategies for the successful use of homework assignments. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther, 22:189–218.
  • Jullian LJ (2011) Measures of Anxiety. Arthritis Care Res, 63:467-472.
  • Jungbluth NJ, Shirk SR (2013) Promoting homework adherence in cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 42:545–553.
  • Kazantzis N, Pachana NA, Secker DL (2003) Cognitive behavioral therapy for older adults: practical guidelines for the use of homework assignments. Cogn Behav Pract, 10:324-332.
  • Kazantzis N, Deane FP, Ronan KR (2000) Homework assignments in cognitive and behavioral therapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol, 7:189–202.
  • LeBeau RT, Davies CD, Culver NC, Craske MG (2013) Homework compliance counts in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cogn Behav Ther, 42:171–179.
  • Leung AW, Heimberg RG (1996) Homework compliance, perceptions of control, and outcome of cognitive-behavioral treatment of social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 34:423-432.
  • Mausbach BT, Moore R, Roesch S, Cardenas V, Patterson TL (2010) The relationship between homework compliance and therapy outcomes: an updated meta-analysis. Cognit Ther Res, 34:429–438.
  • Neimeyer RA, Kazantzis N, Kassler DM, Baker KD, Fletcher R (2008) Group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression outcomes predicted by willingness to engage in homework, compliance with homework, and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition. Cogn Behav Ther, 37:199–215.
  • Norcross JC, Hedges M, Prochaska JO (2002) The face of 2010: a delphi poll on the future of psychotherapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr, 3:316–322.
  • Rees CS, McEvoy P, Nathan PR (2005) Relationship between homework completion and outcome in cognitive behaviour therapy. Cogn Behav Ther, 34:242–247.
  • Soylu C (2014) Kanser hastalarında bilişsel davranışçı terapi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 6:257-270.
  • Smarr KL, Keefer AL (2011) Measures of depression and depressive symptom. Arthritis Care Res, 63:454-466.
  • Scheel MJ, Hanson WE, Vaikina (2004) The Process of recommending homework in psychotherapy: a review of therapist delivery methods, client acceptability, and factors that affect compliance. Psychotherapy, 41:38-55.
  • Schmidt NB, Woolaway-Bickel K (2000) The effects of treatment compliance on outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: quality versus quantity. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:13–18.
  • Şafak Y, Karadere ME, Özdel K, Özcan T, Türkçapar MH, Kuru E et al. (2014) Obsesif kompülsif bozuklukta bilişsel davranışçı grup psikoterapisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 25:225-233:.
  • Türkçapar MH, Sungur M, Sargın E (2009) Bilişsel davranışçı terapiler. In Psikoterapi Yöntemleri (Eds E Köroğlu, MH Türkçapar):115-116. Ankara, HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Türkçapar MH (2007) Bilişsel Terapi- Temel İlkeler ve Uygulama, 7.Baskı. Ankara, Hyb Yayıncılık.
  • Weck F, Richtberg S, Esch S, Höfling V, Stangier U (2013) The relationship between therapist competence and homework compliance in maintenance cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Behav Ther, 44:162–172.
  • Woods CM, Chambless DL, Steketee G (2002) Homework compliance and behavior therapy outcome for panic with agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Cogn Behav Ther, 31:88–95.
  • Yovel I, Safren SA (2006) Measuring homework utility in psychotherapy: cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an example. Cognit Ther Res, 31:385–399.

Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapide Ev Ödevi Uygulamaları

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 280 - 288, 12.07.2015

Öz

Ev ödevleri bilişsel davranışçı terapinin önemli bir yönü olarak kabul edilmiştir. İlk seanslarda hastalardan ev ödevleri ile genellikle bilgi almak ve vermek hedeflenirken ilerleyen seanslarda terapi oturumunda öğretilen beceri ve tekniklerin hastaların gündelik yaşamına aktarılması amacı vardır. Sık kullanılan ev ödevleri arasında aktivite planlama, kendini gözlemleme, düşünce ve davranış derecelendirme ve yüzleştirme gösterilebilir. Birçok çalışmada uyum sağlayıp ev ödevlerini düzenli yapan hastaların yapmayan hastalara göre daha fazla iyileşme gösterdiği belirtilmiştir. Bununla birlikte yapılan çalışmalarda ev ödevlerinin, terapinin etkinliği için önemli bir faktör olduğu ve tedavi sonuçları üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olduğu belirtilmiştir. Bu nedenle bilişsel davranışçı terapi teknikleri ile çalışan terapistlerin ev ödevlerinin uygulanması ile ilgili detayları bilmesi ve doğru bir zamanda ve şekilde uygulaması önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, özellikle bilişsel davranışçı terapi çerçevesinde kullanılan ev ödevlerinin tanımlanması, uygulanmasındaki aşamaların ve sık kullanılan türlerinin açıklanmasıdır. Ayrıca bu makalede ev ödevlerine karşı uyumu etkileyen faktörler açıklanmış ve son olarak da bilişsel davranışçı terapi süreci içerisinde kullanılan ev ödevlerinin etkinliği incelenmiştir.

 

Kaynakça

  • Addis ME, Jacobson NS (2000) A closer look at the treatment rationale and homework compliance in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognit Ther Res, 24:313–326.
  • Akkoyunlu S, Türkçapar MH (2013) Bir teknik: yüzleştirme tedavisi. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar, 2:121–128.
  • Beck SJ (2011) Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 2nd ed. New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Beck SJ, Tompkins MA (2007) Cognitive Therapy. Handbook of Homework Assignment in Psychoyherapy (Eds N Kazantzis, L L'Abate):51-65. New York, Springer.
  • Bryant MJ, Simons AD, Thase ME (1999) Therapist skill and patient variables in homework compliance: controlling an uncontrolled variable in cognitive therapy outcome research. Cognit Ther Res, 4:381–399.
  • Burns DD, Spangler DL (2000) Does psychotherapy homework lead to improvements in depression in cognitive-behavioral therapy or does improvement lead to increased homework compliance? J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:46–56.
  • Cammin-Nowak S, Helbig-Lang S, Lang T, Gloster AT, Fehm L, Gerlach AL et al. (2013) Specificity of homework compliance effects on treatment outcome in cbt: evidence from a controlled trial on panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Clin Psychol, 69:616–629.
  • Coon DW, Thompson LW (2003) The relationship between homework compliance and treatment outcomes among older adult outpatients with mild-to-moderate depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 11:53–61.
  • Dattilio FM (2002) Homework assignments in couple and family therapy. J Clin Psychol, 58:535–547.
  • Detweiler JB, Whisman MA (1999) The role of homework assignments in cognitive therapy for depression: potential methods for enhancing adherence. Clin Psychol, 6:267-282.
  • Dunn H, Morrison AP, Bentall RP (2002) Practitioner patients’ experiences report of homework tasks in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis: a qualitative analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 9:361–369.
  • Dunn H, Morrison AP, Bentall RP (2006) The relationship between patient suitability, therapeutic alliance, homework compliance and outcome in cognitive therapy for psychosis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:145–152.
  • Edelman RE, Chambless DL (1995) Adherence during sessions and homework in cognitive-behavioral group treatment of social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33:573-577.
  • Fehm L, Mrose J (2008) Patients’ perspective on homework assignments in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15:320–328.
  • Freeman A (2007) The use of homework in cognitive behavior therapy: working with complex anxiety and insomnia. Cogn Behav Pract, 14:261–267.
  • Garland A, Scott J (2002) Using homework in therapy for depression. J Clin Psychol, 58:489–498.
  • Glaser NM, Kazantzis N, Deane FP, Oades LG (2000) Critical issues in using homework assignments within cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther, 18:247–261.
  • Gonzalez VM, Schmitz JM, DeLaune KA (2006) The role of homework in cognitive-behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence. J Consul Clin Psychol, 74:633–637.
  • Haarhoff BA, Kazantzis N (2007) How to supervise the use of homework in cognitive behavior therapy: the role of trainee therapist beliefs. Cogn Behav Pract, 14:325–332.
  • Helbig S, Fehm L (2004) Problems with homework in cbt: rare exception or rather frequent? Behav Cogn Psychother, 32:291–301.
  • Huppert JD, Ledley DR, Foa EB (2006) The use of homework in behavior therapy for anxiety disorders. J Psychother Integr, 16:128–139.
  • Johnson MH, Kazantzis N (2004) Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain: strategies for the successful use of homework assignments. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther, 22:189–218.
  • Jullian LJ (2011) Measures of Anxiety. Arthritis Care Res, 63:467-472.
  • Jungbluth NJ, Shirk SR (2013) Promoting homework adherence in cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 42:545–553.
  • Kazantzis N, Pachana NA, Secker DL (2003) Cognitive behavioral therapy for older adults: practical guidelines for the use of homework assignments. Cogn Behav Pract, 10:324-332.
  • Kazantzis N, Deane FP, Ronan KR (2000) Homework assignments in cognitive and behavioral therapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol, 7:189–202.
  • LeBeau RT, Davies CD, Culver NC, Craske MG (2013) Homework compliance counts in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cogn Behav Ther, 42:171–179.
  • Leung AW, Heimberg RG (1996) Homework compliance, perceptions of control, and outcome of cognitive-behavioral treatment of social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 34:423-432.
  • Mausbach BT, Moore R, Roesch S, Cardenas V, Patterson TL (2010) The relationship between homework compliance and therapy outcomes: an updated meta-analysis. Cognit Ther Res, 34:429–438.
  • Neimeyer RA, Kazantzis N, Kassler DM, Baker KD, Fletcher R (2008) Group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression outcomes predicted by willingness to engage in homework, compliance with homework, and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition. Cogn Behav Ther, 37:199–215.
  • Norcross JC, Hedges M, Prochaska JO (2002) The face of 2010: a delphi poll on the future of psychotherapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr, 3:316–322.
  • Rees CS, McEvoy P, Nathan PR (2005) Relationship between homework completion and outcome in cognitive behaviour therapy. Cogn Behav Ther, 34:242–247.
  • Soylu C (2014) Kanser hastalarında bilişsel davranışçı terapi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 6:257-270.
  • Smarr KL, Keefer AL (2011) Measures of depression and depressive symptom. Arthritis Care Res, 63:454-466.
  • Scheel MJ, Hanson WE, Vaikina (2004) The Process of recommending homework in psychotherapy: a review of therapist delivery methods, client acceptability, and factors that affect compliance. Psychotherapy, 41:38-55.
  • Schmidt NB, Woolaway-Bickel K (2000) The effects of treatment compliance on outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: quality versus quantity. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:13–18.
  • Şafak Y, Karadere ME, Özdel K, Özcan T, Türkçapar MH, Kuru E et al. (2014) Obsesif kompülsif bozuklukta bilişsel davranışçı grup psikoterapisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 25:225-233:.
  • Türkçapar MH, Sungur M, Sargın E (2009) Bilişsel davranışçı terapiler. In Psikoterapi Yöntemleri (Eds E Köroğlu, MH Türkçapar):115-116. Ankara, HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Türkçapar MH (2007) Bilişsel Terapi- Temel İlkeler ve Uygulama, 7.Baskı. Ankara, Hyb Yayıncılık.
  • Weck F, Richtberg S, Esch S, Höfling V, Stangier U (2013) The relationship between therapist competence and homework compliance in maintenance cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Behav Ther, 44:162–172.
  • Woods CM, Chambless DL, Steketee G (2002) Homework compliance and behavior therapy outcome for panic with agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Cogn Behav Ther, 31:88–95.
  • Yovel I, Safren SA (2006) Measuring homework utility in psychotherapy: cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an example. Cognit Ther Res, 31:385–399.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Cem Soylu

Cihat Topaloğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Soylu C, Topaloğlu C. Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapide Ev Ödevi Uygulamaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Temmuz 2015;7(3):280-288.

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