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Duygular ve Psikolojik Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişkiler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 45 - 62, 31.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.281117

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kaygı, üzüntü, tiksinti, öfke, suçluluk, neşe ve sakinlik duygularının farklı psikopatoloji belirtilerindeki rollerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda söz konusu duyguların yaşanma sıklığı ve bu duygulara ilişkin öz-değerlendirmeler ele alınmıştır. 232 üniversite öğrencisi bu duyguları son iki hafta içerisinde ne sıklıkta yaşadığını, söz konusu duyguların ne kadar endişe yarattı-ğını, kendini bildirim ile değerlendirmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; farklı belirtiler farklı duygular tarafından yordanmıştır. Hem olumlu hem de olumsuz duyguların yaşanma sıklığı ve duyguları yaşamaktan dolayı duyulan endişe düzeyi psikolojik belirti şiddetlerini anlamlı olarak yordamıştır. Sonuç olarak bu bulguların farklı psikolojik belirtiler ile duygular arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılmasında önemli katkıları olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akgün GM, Tufan AE, Yurteri N, Erdoğan E (2011) Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun genetik boyutu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3:15-48.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5). Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Anastopoulos AD, Smith TF, Garrett ME, Morrissey-Kane E, Schatz NK, Sommer JL et al. (2011) Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with AD/HD. J Atten Disord, 15:583-592.
  • Appelhans BM, Luecken LJ (2006) Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Rev Gen Psychol, 10:229-240.
  • Banaschewski T, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Brandeis D, Buitelaar JK, Kuntsi J, Poustka L et al. (2012) Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 53:1139-1148.
  • Barkley RA (2010) Deficient emotional self-regulation: a core component of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J ADHD Relat Disord, 1:5-37.
  • Barkley RA, Fischer M (2010) The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 49:503-513.
  • Beauchaine TP, Gartner J, Hagen B (2000) Comorbid depression and heart rate variability as predictors of aggressive and hyperactive symptom responsiveness during inpatient treatment of conduct-disordered, ADHD boys. Aggress Behav, 26:425-441.
  • Biederman J, Faraone SV, Mick E, Williamson S, Wilens TE, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Clinical correlates of ADHD in females: findings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38:966-975.
  • Biederman J, Krishnan S, Zhang Y, McGough JJ, Findling RL (2007) Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study. Clin Ther, 29:450-463.
  • Blader JC, Pliszka SR, Jensen PS, Schooler NR, Kafantaris V (2010) Stimulant-responsive and stimulant-refractory aggressive behavior among children with ADHD. Pediatrics, 126:796–806.
  • Bradley C, Bowen M (1941) Amphetamine (benzedrine) therapy of children's behavior disorders. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 11:92–103.
  • Bunford N, Evans SW, Wymbs F (2015) ADHD and emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 18:185-217.
  • Bunford N, Evans SW, Langberg JM (2018) Emotion dysregulation is associated with social impairment among young adolescents with ADHD. J Atten Disord, 22:66-82.
  • Bussing R, Lebninger F, Eyberg S (2006) Difficult child temperament and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children. Infants Young Child, 19:123-131.
  • Calkins SD (2007) The emergence of self-regulation: Biological and behavioral control mechanisms supporting toddler competencies. In Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years (Eds CA Brownel, CB Kop):261-284. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Berquin PC, Walter JM, Sharp W, Tran T et al. (2001) Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58:289-295.
  • Childress AC, Arnold V, Adeyi B, Dirks B, Babcock T, Scheckner B et al. (2014) The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on emotional lability in children 6 to 12 years of age with ADHD in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Atten Disord, 18:123-132.
  • Coghill DR, Rhodes SM, Matthews K (2007) The neuropsychological effects of chronic methylphenidate on drug-naive boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 62:954–962.
  • Cole PM, Martin SE, Dennis TA (2004) Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Dev, 75:317-333.
  • Cole PM, Michel MK, Teti LO (1994) The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 59:73-102.
  • Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN (1998) The revised Conners’Parent Rating Scale (CPRSR): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 26:257–268.
  • Cooper RE, Tye C, Kuntsi J, Vassos E, Asherson P (2016) The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on emotional dysregulation, oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 190:474-482.
  • Denham SA, Bassett HH, Zinsser K, Wyatt TM (2014) How preschoolers' social–emotional learning predicts their early school success: Developing theory‐promoting, competency‐based assessments. Infant Child Dev, 23:426-454.
  • Deschamps PKH, Schutter DJ, Kenemans JL, Matthys W (2015) Empathy and prosocial behavior in response to sadness and distress in 6-to 7-year olds diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 24:105-113.
  • Dyck MJ, Ferguson K, Shochet IM (2001) Do autism spectrum disorders differ from each other and from non-spectrum disorders on emotion recognition tests?. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 10:105-116.
  • Ercan ES (2009) Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu, 5. Baskı. İstanbul, Doğan Kitap.
  • Ercan ES (2010) Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunda epidemiyolojik veriler. Turkiye Klinikleri Pediatrik Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2):1-5.
  • Fleming A, McMahon R (2012) Developmental context and treatment principles for ADHD among college students. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 15:303-329.
  • Fleming A, McMahon R, Moran L, Peterson A, Dreessen A (2015) Pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy group skills training for ADHD. J Atten Disord, 19:260-271.
  • Frick P, Cornell A, Barry C, Bodin SD, Dane H (2003) Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and selfr eport of delinquency. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 31:457-470.
  • Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L (2000) Test review: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Child Neuropsychol, 3:235–238.
  • Graziano P, Derefinko K (2013) Cardiac vagal control and children's adaptive functioning: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychol, 94:22-37.
  • Graziano PA, Garcia A(2016) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children’s emotion dysregulation: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 46:106-123.
  • Gross JJ (1998) Antecedent and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol, 74:224–237.
  • Gross JJ (2011) Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Gross JJ, Munoz RF (1995) Emotion regulation and mental health. Clin Psychol Sci Pract, 2:151-164.
  • Gross JJ, Thompson RA (2007) Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In Handbook of Emotion Regulation (Ed. JJ Gross):3-24. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Harms MB, Martin A, Wallace GL (2010) Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychol Rev, 20:290-322.
  • Herpers PC, Rommelse NN, Bons DM, Buitelaar JK, Scheepers FE (2012) Callous–unemotional traits as a cross-disorders construct. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47:2045-2064.
  • Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Nyberg E, Dykierek P, Richter H, Berner M, Ebert D (2002) Psychotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: a pilot study using a structured skills training program. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 252:177-184.
  • Hoza B (2007) Peer functioning in children with ADHD. Ambul Pediatr, 7:101–106.
  • John OP, Gross JJ (2004) Healty and unhealty emotion regulation: personality processes, individual differences and life span development. J Pers, 72:1301-1333.
  • Kavale K (1982) The efficacy of stimulant drug treatment for hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. J Learn Disabil, 15:280-289.
  • Kochanska G, DeVet K, Goldman M, Murray K, Putnam SP (1994) Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Dev, 65:852-868.
  • Kochanska G, Knaack A (2003) Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences. J Pers, 71:1087-1112.
  • Kutlu A, Akyol Ardic U, Ercan ES (2017) Effect of methylphenidate on emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder+oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 37:220-225.
  • Marchant BK, Reimberr FW, Robison RJ, Olsen JL, Kondo DG (2011) Methylphenidate transdermal system in adult ADHD and impact on emotional and oppositional symptoms. J Atten Disord, 15:295-304.
  • Marchant BK, Reimherr FW, Robinson D, Robinson RJ, Wender PH (2013) Psychometric properties of the Wender-Reimherr adult attention deficit disorder scale. Psychol Assess, 25:942–50.
  • Melnick SM, Hinshaw SP (2000) Emotion regulation and parenting in AD/HD and comparison boys: linkages with social behaviors and peer preference. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 28:73-86.
  • UK Adult ADHD Network (2013) Handbook for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults. London, Springer Healthcare.
  • Nigg JT, Blaskey LG, Stawicki JA, Sachek J (2004) Evaluating the endophenotype model of ADHD neuropsychological deficit: results for parents and siblings of children with ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes. J Abnorm Psychol,113:614-625.
  • Öncü B, Şenol S (2002) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunun etiyolojisi: bütüncül yaklaşım. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 5:111-119.
  • Özcan ÖÖ, Miniksar DY (2015) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı. Türkiye Klinikleri J Child Adolescent-Special Topics, 1(1):25-30.
  • Özyurt G, Pekcanlar AA, Öztürk Y, Baykara B, Emiroğlu Nİ (2016) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocuklarda ve annelerinde duygu düzenlemenin araştırılması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 17:393-402.
  • Pardini DA, Lochman JE, Frick PJ (2003) Callous/unemotional traits and social cognitive processes in adjudicated youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 42:364-371.
  • Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K (1997) Social skills training with parent generalization: Treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65:749–757.
  • Philipsen A, Richter H, Peters J, Alm B, Sobanski E, Colla M et al. (2007) Structured group psychotherapy in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of an open multicentre study. J Nerv Ment Dis, 195:1013-1019.
  • Pliszka SR, Browne RG, Olvera RL, Wynne SK (2000) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adderall and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39:619-626.
  • Polanczyk G, De Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 164:942-948.
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Roles of Emotions and Self-Elaboration in Psychopathological Symptoms

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 45 - 62, 31.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.281117

Öz

The purpose of this study
was to investigate the explanatory roles of anxiety, sadness, disgust, anger,
guilt, joy, calm in different types of psychopathological symptoms. Thus
frequency of the emotions and self-elaboration about these feelings were
studied. The study included 232 university students and we evaluated how
frequently they felt these emotions and the level of anxiety during this
process. According to regression analysis, different psychopathological
symptoms have been predicted by different emotions. Feeling more anxious about
negative and positive emotions and giving more importance to dealing with these
emotions are closely related with higher level of psychopathological symptoms.
These results would contribute to understanding of emotions' roles in different
symptoms.

Kaynakça

  • Akgün GM, Tufan AE, Yurteri N, Erdoğan E (2011) Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun genetik boyutu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3:15-48.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5). Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Anastopoulos AD, Smith TF, Garrett ME, Morrissey-Kane E, Schatz NK, Sommer JL et al. (2011) Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with AD/HD. J Atten Disord, 15:583-592.
  • Appelhans BM, Luecken LJ (2006) Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Rev Gen Psychol, 10:229-240.
  • Banaschewski T, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Brandeis D, Buitelaar JK, Kuntsi J, Poustka L et al. (2012) Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 53:1139-1148.
  • Barkley RA (2010) Deficient emotional self-regulation: a core component of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J ADHD Relat Disord, 1:5-37.
  • Barkley RA, Fischer M (2010) The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 49:503-513.
  • Beauchaine TP, Gartner J, Hagen B (2000) Comorbid depression and heart rate variability as predictors of aggressive and hyperactive symptom responsiveness during inpatient treatment of conduct-disordered, ADHD boys. Aggress Behav, 26:425-441.
  • Biederman J, Faraone SV, Mick E, Williamson S, Wilens TE, Spencer TJ et al. (1999) Clinical correlates of ADHD in females: findings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38:966-975.
  • Biederman J, Krishnan S, Zhang Y, McGough JJ, Findling RL (2007) Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study. Clin Ther, 29:450-463.
  • Blader JC, Pliszka SR, Jensen PS, Schooler NR, Kafantaris V (2010) Stimulant-responsive and stimulant-refractory aggressive behavior among children with ADHD. Pediatrics, 126:796–806.
  • Bradley C, Bowen M (1941) Amphetamine (benzedrine) therapy of children's behavior disorders. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 11:92–103.
  • Bunford N, Evans SW, Wymbs F (2015) ADHD and emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 18:185-217.
  • Bunford N, Evans SW, Langberg JM (2018) Emotion dysregulation is associated with social impairment among young adolescents with ADHD. J Atten Disord, 22:66-82.
  • Bussing R, Lebninger F, Eyberg S (2006) Difficult child temperament and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children. Infants Young Child, 19:123-131.
  • Calkins SD (2007) The emergence of self-regulation: Biological and behavioral control mechanisms supporting toddler competencies. In Socioemotional Development in the Toddler Years (Eds CA Brownel, CB Kop):261-284. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Berquin PC, Walter JM, Sharp W, Tran T et al. (2001) Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58:289-295.
  • Childress AC, Arnold V, Adeyi B, Dirks B, Babcock T, Scheckner B et al. (2014) The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on emotional lability in children 6 to 12 years of age with ADHD in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Atten Disord, 18:123-132.
  • Coghill DR, Rhodes SM, Matthews K (2007) The neuropsychological effects of chronic methylphenidate on drug-naive boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 62:954–962.
  • Cole PM, Martin SE, Dennis TA (2004) Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Dev, 75:317-333.
  • Cole PM, Michel MK, Teti LO (1994) The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 59:73-102.
  • Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN (1998) The revised Conners’Parent Rating Scale (CPRSR): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 26:257–268.
  • Cooper RE, Tye C, Kuntsi J, Vassos E, Asherson P (2016) The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on emotional dysregulation, oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 190:474-482.
  • Denham SA, Bassett HH, Zinsser K, Wyatt TM (2014) How preschoolers' social–emotional learning predicts their early school success: Developing theory‐promoting, competency‐based assessments. Infant Child Dev, 23:426-454.
  • Deschamps PKH, Schutter DJ, Kenemans JL, Matthys W (2015) Empathy and prosocial behavior in response to sadness and distress in 6-to 7-year olds diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 24:105-113.
  • Dyck MJ, Ferguson K, Shochet IM (2001) Do autism spectrum disorders differ from each other and from non-spectrum disorders on emotion recognition tests?. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 10:105-116.
  • Ercan ES (2009) Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu, 5. Baskı. İstanbul, Doğan Kitap.
  • Ercan ES (2010) Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunda epidemiyolojik veriler. Turkiye Klinikleri Pediatrik Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2):1-5.
  • Fleming A, McMahon R (2012) Developmental context and treatment principles for ADHD among college students. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 15:303-329.
  • Fleming A, McMahon R, Moran L, Peterson A, Dreessen A (2015) Pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy group skills training for ADHD. J Atten Disord, 19:260-271.
  • Frick P, Cornell A, Barry C, Bodin SD, Dane H (2003) Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and selfr eport of delinquency. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 31:457-470.
  • Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L (2000) Test review: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Child Neuropsychol, 3:235–238.
  • Graziano P, Derefinko K (2013) Cardiac vagal control and children's adaptive functioning: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychol, 94:22-37.
  • Graziano PA, Garcia A(2016) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children’s emotion dysregulation: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 46:106-123.
  • Gross JJ (1998) Antecedent and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol, 74:224–237.
  • Gross JJ (2011) Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Gross JJ, Munoz RF (1995) Emotion regulation and mental health. Clin Psychol Sci Pract, 2:151-164.
  • Gross JJ, Thompson RA (2007) Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In Handbook of Emotion Regulation (Ed. JJ Gross):3-24. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Harms MB, Martin A, Wallace GL (2010) Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychol Rev, 20:290-322.
  • Herpers PC, Rommelse NN, Bons DM, Buitelaar JK, Scheepers FE (2012) Callous–unemotional traits as a cross-disorders construct. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47:2045-2064.
  • Hesslinger B, Tebartz van Elst L, Nyberg E, Dykierek P, Richter H, Berner M, Ebert D (2002) Psychotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: a pilot study using a structured skills training program. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 252:177-184.
  • Hoza B (2007) Peer functioning in children with ADHD. Ambul Pediatr, 7:101–106.
  • John OP, Gross JJ (2004) Healty and unhealty emotion regulation: personality processes, individual differences and life span development. J Pers, 72:1301-1333.
  • Kavale K (1982) The efficacy of stimulant drug treatment for hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. J Learn Disabil, 15:280-289.
  • Kochanska G, DeVet K, Goldman M, Murray K, Putnam SP (1994) Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Dev, 65:852-868.
  • Kochanska G, Knaack A (2003) Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences. J Pers, 71:1087-1112.
  • Kutlu A, Akyol Ardic U, Ercan ES (2017) Effect of methylphenidate on emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder+oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 37:220-225.
  • Marchant BK, Reimberr FW, Robison RJ, Olsen JL, Kondo DG (2011) Methylphenidate transdermal system in adult ADHD and impact on emotional and oppositional symptoms. J Atten Disord, 15:295-304.
  • Marchant BK, Reimherr FW, Robinson D, Robinson RJ, Wender PH (2013) Psychometric properties of the Wender-Reimherr adult attention deficit disorder scale. Psychol Assess, 25:942–50.
  • Melnick SM, Hinshaw SP (2000) Emotion regulation and parenting in AD/HD and comparison boys: linkages with social behaviors and peer preference. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 28:73-86.
  • UK Adult ADHD Network (2013) Handbook for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults. London, Springer Healthcare.
  • Nigg JT, Blaskey LG, Stawicki JA, Sachek J (2004) Evaluating the endophenotype model of ADHD neuropsychological deficit: results for parents and siblings of children with ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes. J Abnorm Psychol,113:614-625.
  • Öncü B, Şenol S (2002) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunun etiyolojisi: bütüncül yaklaşım. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 5:111-119.
  • Özcan ÖÖ, Miniksar DY (2015) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı. Türkiye Klinikleri J Child Adolescent-Special Topics, 1(1):25-30.
  • Özyurt G, Pekcanlar AA, Öztürk Y, Baykara B, Emiroğlu Nİ (2016) Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocuklarda ve annelerinde duygu düzenlemenin araştırılması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 17:393-402.
  • Pardini DA, Lochman JE, Frick PJ (2003) Callous/unemotional traits and social cognitive processes in adjudicated youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 42:364-371.
  • Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K (1997) Social skills training with parent generalization: Treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65:749–757.
  • Philipsen A, Richter H, Peters J, Alm B, Sobanski E, Colla M et al. (2007) Structured group psychotherapy in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of an open multicentre study. J Nerv Ment Dis, 195:1013-1019.
  • Pliszka SR, Browne RG, Olvera RL, Wynne SK (2000) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adderall and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39:619-626.
  • Polanczyk G, De Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 164:942-948.
  • Posner J, Kass E, Hulvershorn L (2014) Using stimulants to treat ADHD-related emotional labililty. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 16:478.
  • Regenbogen C, Schneider DA, Gur RE, Schneider F, Habel U, Kellermann T (2012) Multimodal human communication--targeting facial expressions, speech content and prosody. Neuroimage, 60:2346-2356.
  • Reimherr FW, Williams ED, Strong RE, Mestas R, Soni P, Marchant BK (2007) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in adults with ADHD with assessment of oppositional and emotional dimensions of the disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, 68:93-101.
  • Rosen PJ, Factor PI (2012) Emotional impulsivity and emotional and behavioral difficulties among children with ADHD: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Atten Disord, 19:779-793.
  • Rosler M, Retz W, Fischer R, Ose C, Alm B, Deckert J et al. (2010) Twenty-four-week treatment with extended release methylphenidate improves emotional symptoms in adult ADHD. World J Biol Psychiatry, 11:709-718.
  • Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, Hershey KL, Fisher P (2001) Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Child Dev, 72:1394-1408.
  • Saarni C (1984) An observational study of children‘s attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Child Dev, 55:1504-1513.
  • Saarni C (1992) Children‘s emotional-expressive behaviors as regulators of others’ happy and sad emotional states. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 55:91-106.
  • Schachter HM, Pham B, King J, Langford S, Moher D (2001) How efficacious and safe is short-acting methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit disorder in children and adolescents? a meta-analysis. CMAJ,165:1475-1488. Shields A, Cicchetti D (1997) Emotion regulation among school-age children: the development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Dev Psychol, 33:906–916.
  • Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E (2007) Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr, 166:117-123.
  • Tannock R (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: advances in cognitive neurobiological and genetic research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 34:65-99.
  • Waller R, Hyde LW, Grabell AS, Alves ML, Olson SL (2014) Differential associations of early callous‐unemotional, oppositional, and ADHD behaviors: multiple domains within early‐starting conduct problems? J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 26:657-666.
  • Waxmonsky JG, Wymbs FA, Pariseau ME, Belin PJ, Waschbusch DA, Babocsai L et al. (2013) A novel group therapy for children with ADHD and severe mood dysregulation. J Atten Disord, 17:527-541.
  • Zelazo D, Cunningham W (2007) Executive function: mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. In Handbook of Emotion Regulation (Eds JJ Gross): 135-158. New York, Guilford Press.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Sevginar Vatan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2017
Kabul Tarihi 10 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Vatan S. Duygular ve Psikolojik Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2017;9(1):45-62. doi:10.18863/pgy.281117

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