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Lithium Associated Side Effects and Neurotoxicity: Is Lithium Neurotoxicity Related to Iron Deposition?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 141 - 153, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.384067

Öz

Lithium is a mood stabilizer that Australian psychiatrist John Cade and the Swiss Baastrup and Schou’s pioneering studies brought in the treatment of bipolar disorder. In current guidelines, it is still consid-ered as first line therapy for acute mania, depression and remission periods. Along with numerous neurotrophic and cytoprotective effects, lithium may rarely cause neurotoxicity. Neuro-toxicity might be related with dose dependent or independent. Mechanism of neurotoxicity has not been identified yet. A possible reason of lithium neurotoxicity is that lithium complicates iron efflux from neurons by inhibiting the tau cascade. Accumulation of iron may increase hydroxyl radical formation, resulting in oxidative neurotoxicity. On the other hand, mechanisms that may alleviate iron deposition should also be considered. This review will address the cardiac and met-abolic side effects of lithium and clinical features and biochemical regimes of neurotoxicity, and its relationship with iron accumulation.

Kaynakça

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Lityuma Bağlı Yan Etkiler ve Nörotoksisite: Lityum Nörotoksisitesi Demir Birikimiyle İlgili Olabilir mi?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 141 - 153, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.384067

Öz

Lityum Avustralyalı psikiyatri hekimi John Cade ve İsviçreli Baastrup ve Schou’nun öncü çalışmalarla bipolar bozukluk tedavisine kazandırdığı bir duygudurum dengeleyicidir. Güncel tedavi kılavuzlarında akut mani, depresyon ve remisyon dönemlerinde idame tedaviler için hala altın standart tedavi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Birçok sitoprotektif ve nörotrofik etkisinin yanı sıra lityum nadiren nörotoksisiteye de neden olabilmektedir. Nörotoksisite doz bağımlı ve dozdan bağımsız biçimde görülebilmektedir. Mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Olası mekanizmalardan biri lityumun tau kaskadını inhibe etmesiyle beyinde bulunan demirin beyin hücrelerinden çıkışının zorlaşmasına neden olarak demir birikimine neden olmasıdır. Demir birikimi hidroksil radikali üretiminin artmasına neden olur ve sonuçta oksidatif nörotoksisite ortaya çıkarabilir. Ancak demir birikimine karşı düzeneklerinde dikkate alınması gerekir.  Bu gözden geçirme yazısında lityuma bağlı kardiyak ve metabolik yan etkiler ile birlikte lityum nörotoksisitesinin klinik özellikleri, biyokimyasal düzenekleri ve demir birikimi ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

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  • Richard-Devantoy S, Ding Y, Lepage M, Turecki G, Jollant F (2016) Cognitive inhibition in depression and suicidal behavior: a neuroimaging study. Psychol Med, 46:933-944.
  • Roggenbach J, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Franke L, Uebelhack R, Blank S, Ahrens B (2007) Peripheral serotonergic markers in acutely suicidal patients. 1. Comparison of serotonergic platelet measures between suicidal individuals, nonsuicidal patients with major depression and healthy subjects. J Neural Transm (Vienna), 114:479-487.
  • Roy A, Segal NL (2001) Suicidal behavior in twins: a replication. J Affect Disord, 66:71-74.
  • Roy A, Segal NL, Sarchiapone M (1995) Attempted suicide among living co-twins of twin suicide victims. Am J Psychiatry, 152:1075-1076.
  • Runeson B, Asberg M (2003) Family history of suicide among suicide victims. Am J Psychiatry, 160:1525-1526.
  • Rüsch N, Spoletini I, Wilke M, Martinotti G, Bria P, Trequattrini A et al. (2008) Inferior frontal white matter volume and suicidality in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 164:206–214.
  • Ryding E, Ahnlide JA, Lindström M, Rosén I, Träskman-Bendz L (2006) Regional brain serotonin and dopamine transporter binding capacity in suicide attempters relate to impulsiveness and mental energy. Psychiatry Res, 148:195-203.
  • Sachs-Ericsson N, Hames JL, Joiner TE, Corsentino E, Rushing NC, Palmer E et al. (2014) Differences between suicide attempters and nonattempters in depressed older patients: depression severity, white-matter lesions, and cognitive functioning. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 22:75–85.
  • Schlegel S, Maier W, Philipp M, Aldenhoff JB, Heuser I, Kretzschmar K et al. (1989) Computed tomography in depression: association between ventricular size and psychopathology. Psychiatry Res, 29:221–230.
  • Serafini G, Pompili M, Innamorati M, Fusar-Poli P, Akiskal HS, Rihmer Z et al. (2011) Affective temperamental profiles are associated with white matter hyperintensity and suicidal risk in patients with mood disorders. J Affect Disord, 129:47–55.
  • Soloff P, Nutche J, Goradia D, Diwadkar V (2008) Structural brain abnormalities in borderline personality disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res, 164:223–236.
  • Soloff PH, Kelly TM, Strotmeyer SJ, Malone KM, Mann JJ (2003) Impulsivity, gender, and response to fenfluramine challenge in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res, 119:11–24.
  • Sorenson SB, Rutter CM (1991) Transgenerational patterns of suicide attempt. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59:861–866.
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  • Tsuang MT (1983) Risk of suicide in the relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and controls. J Clin Psychiatry, 44:396–400.
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  • Tyano S, Zalsman G, Ofek H, Blum I, Apter A, Wolovik L et al. (2006) Plasma serotonin levels and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 16:49-57. Underwood MD, Mann JJ, Arango V (2004) Serotonergic and noradrenergic neurobiology of alcoholic suicide. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 28(suppl 5):57S-69S.
  • Wender PH, Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Schulsinger F, Ortmann J, Lunde I (1986) Psychiatric disorders in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals with affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43:923-929.
  • Van Heeringen K, Bijttebier S, Desmyter S, Vervaet M, Baeken C (2014) Is there a neuroanatomical basis of the vulnerability to suicidal behavior? A coordinate-based meta analysis of structural and functional MRI studies. Front Hum Neurosci, 8:824.
  • Voracek M, Loibl LM (2007) Genetics of suicide: a systematic review of twin studies, Wien Klin Wochenschr, 119:463-475.
  • Yurgelun-Todd DA, Bueler CE, McGlade EC, Churchwell JC, Brenner LA, Lopez-Larson MP (2011) Neuroimaging correlates of traumatic brain injury and suicidal behavior. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 26:276–289.
  • Yerevanian BI, Feusner JD, Koek RJ, Mintz J (2004) The dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of suicidal behavior in unipolar depression. J Affect Disord, 83:103-108.
  • Zalsman G (2010) Timing is critical: Gene, environment and timing interactions in genetics of suicide in children and adolescents. Eur Psychiatry, 25:284–286.
  • Zhu H, Karolewicz B, Nail E, Stockmeier CA, Szebeni K, Ordway GA (2006) Normal [3H] flunitrazepam binding to GABAA receptors in the locus coeruleus in major depression and suicide. Brain Res, 1125:138-146.
Toplam 145 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

İlkay Keleş Altun 0000-0002-4005-6127

Neslihan Kılıç Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2083-6625

Emrah Yıldızoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6978-2261

Murat İlhan Atagün 0000-0002-8514-0576

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 9 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Keleş Altun İ, Kılıç N, Yıldızoğlu E, Atagün Mİ. Lityuma Bağlı Yan Etkiler ve Nörotoksisite: Lityum Nörotoksisitesi Demir Birikimiyle İlgili Olabilir mi?. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Haziran 2019;11(2):141-153. doi:10.18863/pgy.384067

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