ТАМОЖЕННЫЙ СОЮЗ И ПОЛИТИКА КАЗАХСТАНА В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОМ СЕКТОРЕ

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 62, 44 - 49, 01.05.2014

F. Aminjonov

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

энергетическая политика, Таможенный союз

CUSTOMS UNİON AND KAZAKHSTAN’S POLİCY İN ENERGY SECTOR

Öz

Export-import and transit of energy resources have always been one of the key issues for Customs Union member states. Due to strategic and economic interest that Russia input in energy resources, a major supplier of energy resources to the Customs Union’s energy market and beyond, member states of the Union cannot agree on complete reduction of export duties for key sources of energy (out of more than 100 types of products only few are excluded from common regulations including oil and light oil product, natural gas in its gas form and electricity). There is almost no energy supply between Belarus and Kazakhstan. It is Russia that supplies energy resources to Belarus. Belarus used to benefit a lot from the re-export of Russian resources and from producing oil and gas products from Russian resources and selling them further to Europe. However, Russia has secured its interests by introducing export duties on Russian energy resources that are being re-exported to external markets. Kazakhstan has a dual position when it comes to energy supply relations within the Customs Union and beyond. Even though Kazakhstan is also a major oil and gas producer within the Customs Union, it imports more energy from Russia than exports it to other member states. In this sense, representing mainly importing state’s interest, Kazakhstan wants stable and reliable energy supplies and thus advocates for the reduction of export duties for crude oil and light oil products, natural gas and electricity. However, as a major exporter of energy resources to external markets Kazakhstan’s position coincides with Russian. Money transfers to the budget of Kazakhstan from export duties imposed on re-export of Kazakh energy resources are in the interest of this country. On the one hand, Russia considers energy resources to be a strategic commodity and thus does not want to leave it to (Customs Union) market forces alone. On the other hand, other member-states do not want to leave such an important sector out of the Customs Union regulations. In order to smooth tensions between Russia and Belarus as well as Russia and Kazakhstan regarding this issue, Russia is offering certain preferences on the bilateral agreements. And according to the latest statement by the representatives of the Eurasian Economic Commission common energy market within the Customs Union and later the Eurasian Economic Union will not be formed until 2025. This means that Kazakhstan will continue bargaining for better terms and protection of its energy interests with Russia on the bilateral basis

Anahtar Kelimeler

energy policy, Customs Union, Kazakhstan

CUSTOMS UNİON AND KAZAKHSTAN’S POLİCY İN ENERGY SECTOR

Öz

Export-import and transit of energy resources have always been one of the key issues for Customs Union
member states. Due to strategic and economic interest that Russia input in energy resources, a major supplier of
energy resources to the Customs Union’s energy market and beyond, member states of the Union cannot agree
on complete reduction of export duties for key sources of energy (out of more than 100 types of products only
few are excluded from common regulations including oil and light oil product, natural gas in its gas form and
electricity). There is almost no energy supply between Belarus and Kazakhstan. It is Russia that supplies energy
resources to Belarus. Belarus used to benefit a lot from the re-export of Russian resources and from producing
oil and gas products from Russian resources and selling them further to Europe. However, Russia has secured its
interests by introducing export duties on Russian energy resources that are being re-exported to external markets.
Kazakhstan has a dual position when it comes to energy supply relations within the Customs Union and beyond.
Even though Kazakhstan is also a major oil and gas producer within the Customs Union, it imports more energy
from Russia than exports it to other member states. In this sense, representing mainly importing state’s interest,
Kazakhstan wants stable and reliable energy supplies and thus advocates for the reduction of export duties for
crude oil and light oil products, natural gas and electricity. However, as a major exporter of energy resources to
external markets Kazakhstan’s position coincides with Russian. Money transfers to the budget of Kazakhstan
from export duties imposed on re-export of Kazakh energy resources are in the interest of this country. On the
one hand, Russia considers energy resources to be a strategic commodity and thus does not want to leave it to
(Customs Union) market forces alone. On the other hand, other member-states do not want to leave such an
important sector out of the Customs Union regulations. In order to smooth tensions between Russia and Belarus
as well as Russia and Kazakhstan regarding this issue, Russia is offering certain preferences on the bilateral
agreements. And according to the latest statement by the representatives of the Eurasian Economic Commission
common energy market within the Customs Union and later the Eurasian Economic Union will not be formed
until 2025. This means that Kazakhstan will continue bargaining for better terms and protection of its energy
interests with Russia on the bilateral basis. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

energy policy, Customs Union

Kaynakça

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• Группа 27: топливоминеральное, нефть и продукты их перегонки; битуминозные вещества; воски минеральные [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: http://www.tsouz.ru/db/ettr/PSN/Pages/psn27.aspx Gruppa 27: toplivomineral’noye, neft’ I produkty ih peregonky, bituminoznyje vetshestva; voski mineral’nyje // http://www.tsouz.ru/db/ettr/PSN/Pages/psn27.aspx
• Сурков Н. Евразийский экономический союз взамен Таможенного союза. RBTH, 28 октября, 2013 [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: http://rbth.co.uk/international/2013/10/28/eurasian_economic_union_to_replace_customs_union_31237.html Surkov N. Evraziyskiy ekonomicheskiy soyuz vzamen Tamozhennogo soyuza. RBTH, 28 okt’a,h’a, 2013 // http://rbth.co.uk/international/2013/10/28/eurasian_economic_union_to_replace_customs_union_31237.html
• Нефтегазовая отрасль обеспечивает 25% ВВП РК: Добыча нефти в Казахстане выросла более чем в три раза. – 10 октября, 2013 [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: http://kapital.kz/economic/21860/neftegazovay a-otrasl-obespechivaet-25-vvp-rk.html Neftegazovaya otrasl’ obespechivayet 25% VVP RK: Dobycha nefy’I v Kazahstane vyrosla bole chem v tri raza. – 10 okt’abr’a, 2013 // http://kapital.kz/economic/21860/neftegazovaya-otrasl-obespechivaet-25-vvp-rk.html
• Россия готова снять ограничения в Таможенном союзе, если и другие сделают то же самое (Russia ready to give up restrictions in Customs Union if others do the same – Putin) // Voice of Russia, Interfax. – 25 октября, 2013. Rossiya gotova sn’at’ ogranicheniya v Tamozhennom soyuze, esl’I I drugiye sdelayut to zhe samoye (Russia ready to give up restrictions in Customs Union if others do the same – Putin) // Voice of Russia, Interfax. – 25 okt’abr’a, 2013.
• Солодовникова А. «Роснефть» заплатит за Таможенный союз: Россия и Казахстан договорились о беспошлинных поставках нефти // Коммерсант.ru. – 25 декабря, 2013 [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2376570; см. также: Байдильдинов О. Нефтеинтеграционные процессы: Последние казахстанско-российские договоренности усилят зависимость Астаны от Москвы, 2013 [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: http://expertonline.kz/a12303/ Solodovnikova A. “Rosneft” zaplatit za Tamozhenny soyuz: Rossiya I Kazahstan dogovoril’is’ o besposhlinnyh postavkah neft’i // Kommersant.ru. – 25 dekabr’a, 2013 // www.kommersant.ru/doc/2376570; Bayd’il’dinov O. Nefteintygratcionnyje protcessy: Posledniye kazahstansko-rossiyskiye dogovorennosty usil’at zavisimost’ Astany ot Moskvy, 2013 // http://expertonline.kz/a12303/
• Общий рынок нефти и газа Беларуси, России и Казахстана может быть сформирован к 1 января 2015 года – министр ЕЭК // Belta. – 6 февраля, 2013 [Электронный ресурс] // Режи доступа: http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/economics/O bschij-rynok-nefti-i-gaza-Belarusi-Rossii-iKazaxstana-mozhet-byt-sformirovan-k-1-janvarja-2015-goda---ministrEEK_i_623314.html Obtshiy rynok nefty i gaza Belarusy, Rossii I Kazahstana mozhet byt’ sformirovan k 1 yanvar’a 2015 goda – ministr EEK // Belta. – 6 fevral’a, 2013 // http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/economics/Obschij-rynok-nefti-i-gaza-Belarusi-Rossii-iKazaxstana-mozhet-byt-sformirovan-k-1-janvarja-2015-goda---ministrEEK_i_623314.html
• Лукашенко направился в Казахстан, чтобы подписать «не совсем тот договор о ЕАЭС, на который рассчитывала Беларусь. – 28 мая, 2014 [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: http://news.tut.by/politics/400916.html Lukashenko napravils’a v Kazahstan, chtoby podpisat’ “ne sovsem tot dogovor o EAES, na kotory rasschityvala Belarus’. – 28 maya, 2014 // http://news.tut.by/politics/400916.html
• Омаров Р. Общие рынки нефти и газа Казахстана, России и Беларуси начнут функционировать не позднее 2025 года. – 30 апреля, 2014 [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: http://www.astanatv.kz/news/show/id/22941.html Omarov R. Obtshiye rynki nefty I gaza Kazahstana, Rossii I Belarusy nachnut funktcionirovat’ ne posdnee 2025 goda. – 30 aprel’a, 2014 // http://www.astanatv.kz/news/show/id/22941.html