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КОНФЛИКТЫ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 78, 56 - 63, 01.07.2018

Öz

В статье дан анализ межгосударственных взаимоотношений по вопросам управления водными ресурсами в целях развития четырех стран региона – Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Таджикистана и Узбекистана. Временные рамки исследования охватывают период с начала 1990-х гг. и по настоящее время. Первым шагом в этом направлении стало подписание в 1992 г. соглашения о создании Межгосударственной координационной водохозяйственной комиссии, что знаменует собой начало новой «водной дипломатии» между странами. С тех пор было подписано несколько других документов. Однако не все соглашения были реализованы или одобрены одной или несколькими странами. На сегодняшний день в Центральной Азии существуют основания для развития потенциальных локальных или региональных конфликтов ввиду невыработанных механизмов пользования и предоставления водных ресурсов. В качестве обозначенной проблемы предлагается решение в логике двухуровневого игрового подхода Путнэма. В ходе ведения международных переговоров использование предлагаемых инструментов в рамках теории игр, которые будут оказывать поддержку вовлеченным сторонам с точки зрения количественной оценки и моделирования процессов, является фундаментальным компонентом для предотвращения и разрешения конфликтов.

Kaynakça

  • Alimov, R. M. Conflicts over Water Resources in Central Asia: a View from Uzbekistan, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2014. – Р. 171-176.
  • Allouche, J. A Source of Regional Tension in Central Asia: the Case of Water. The Illusions of Transition: Which Perspectives for Central Asia and the Caucasus? CIMERA. – Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies, 2014.
  • Giese, E. Water Shortage, Water Conflicts and Water Management in Dry Areas of Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 143-154.
  • FAO. Review of World Water Resources by Country: Water Report 23. – Rome, Italy: FAO, 2003. – P. 111.
  • Ilkhamov, A. Prospects for Regional Integration in Central Asia // Social Science Research Council, 2002: http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/ilkhamov.htm (yüklendi: 11. January 2018).
  • Jones-Luong, P. Political Obstacles to Economic Reform in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Strategies to Move Ahead. Lucerne Conference of the CIS - 7 Initiative. Lucerne, 2003.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. The Threat of Conflicts about the Interstate Use of TransboundaryWater Resources in Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 155-160.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerinde su kaynakları ve kullanımı. Bölüm 4: Tarim Nehri havzası (Kırgızstan: Sary-Caz ve Ak-Say). (rusça). – Bişkek, 2003.
  • Avazbekova, M. Water as social and economic resource. Resolving questions about sharing water in Central Asia. Yüksek Lisans tezi. – Polytechnıc unıversıty of valencıa, Faculty of busıness admınıstratıon and management, 2014.
  • Nurkhanov, D. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan seek to bolster power generating capacity, break energy dependence // Euroasianet. – 2001. – 02.08.
  • Putnam, R. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games // International Organization, 1988. – Р. 427-460.
  • Vinogradov, S. Transboundary Water Resources in the Former Soviet Union: Between Conflict and Co-operation // Natural Resources Journal. – 1996. – №36 (2). – Р. 393-415.
  • Водное право: глоссарий. – Режим доступа: http://www.cawater‐info.net/bk/glossary/water_right/ (дата обращения: 20.03.2011).
  • Конвенция ЕЭК ООН по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Хельсинки, 1992 г.). – Режим доступа: http://cawater‐info.net/library/rus/lakes.pdf (дата обращения: 20.03.2018).
  • Протокол по проблемам воды и здоровья к Конвенции по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Лондон, 17 июня 1992 г). – Режим доступа: http://cawater-info.net/library/rus/lakes2.pdf(дата обращения 20.03.2018 г.).
  • Интегрированное управление водными ресурсами (ИУВР) и планы эффективного водопользования (Цели 2005 в Плане Действий WSSD). – Режим доступа: http://www.berg.bendery.md/vp/mened/Water.pdf (дата обращения: 16.04.2018)

CONFLICTS OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE USE OF WATER RESOURCES

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 78, 56 - 63, 01.07.2018

Öz

In this article, intergovernmental relations on water resources management and the impact on development between the four countries of the region - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan - will be analyzed. The time frame of the study covers the period of independence in the early 1990s and to the present. The first step in this direction was the signing in 1992 of an agreement on the establishment of an Interstate Commission for Water Coordination. This marks the beginning of a new "water diplomacy" between the countries. Since then, several other documents have been signed and signed. However, not all agreements have been implemented or approved by one or more countries. Today in Central Asia, there are grounds for the development of potential local or regional conflicts due to undeveloped mechanisms for the use and provision of water resources. As a designated problem, a solution is proposed in the logic of Putnam's two-tier game approach. In the course of conducting international negotiations, the use of the proposed tools, within the framework of game theory, which will support the parties involved in terms of quantitative assessment and modeling of processes, is a fundamental component for conflict prevention and resolution.

Kaynakça

  • Alimov, R. M. Conflicts over Water Resources in Central Asia: a View from Uzbekistan, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2014. – Р. 171-176.
  • Allouche, J. A Source of Regional Tension in Central Asia: the Case of Water. The Illusions of Transition: Which Perspectives for Central Asia and the Caucasus? CIMERA. – Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies, 2014.
  • Giese, E. Water Shortage, Water Conflicts and Water Management in Dry Areas of Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 143-154.
  • FAO. Review of World Water Resources by Country: Water Report 23. – Rome, Italy: FAO, 2003. – P. 111.
  • Ilkhamov, A. Prospects for Regional Integration in Central Asia // Social Science Research Council, 2002: http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/ilkhamov.htm (yüklendi: 11. January 2018).
  • Jones-Luong, P. Political Obstacles to Economic Reform in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Strategies to Move Ahead. Lucerne Conference of the CIS - 7 Initiative. Lucerne, 2003.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. The Threat of Conflicts about the Interstate Use of TransboundaryWater Resources in Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 155-160.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerinde su kaynakları ve kullanımı. Bölüm 4: Tarim Nehri havzası (Kırgızstan: Sary-Caz ve Ak-Say). (rusça). – Bişkek, 2003.
  • Avazbekova, M. Water as social and economic resource. Resolving questions about sharing water in Central Asia. Yüksek Lisans tezi. – Polytechnıc unıversıty of valencıa, Faculty of busıness admınıstratıon and management, 2014.
  • Nurkhanov, D. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan seek to bolster power generating capacity, break energy dependence // Euroasianet. – 2001. – 02.08.
  • Putnam, R. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games // International Organization, 1988. – Р. 427-460.
  • Vinogradov, S. Transboundary Water Resources in the Former Soviet Union: Between Conflict and Co-operation // Natural Resources Journal. – 1996. – №36 (2). – Р. 393-415.
  • Водное право: глоссарий. – Режим доступа: http://www.cawater‐info.net/bk/glossary/water_right/ (дата обращения: 20.03.2011).
  • Конвенция ЕЭК ООН по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Хельсинки, 1992 г.). – Режим доступа: http://cawater‐info.net/library/rus/lakes.pdf (дата обращения: 20.03.2018).
  • Протокол по проблемам воды и здоровья к Конвенции по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Лондон, 17 июня 1992 г). – Режим доступа: http://cawater-info.net/library/rus/lakes2.pdf(дата обращения 20.03.2018 г.).
  • Интегрированное управление водными ресурсами (ИУВР) и планы эффективного водопользования (Цели 2005 в Плане Действий WSSD). – Режим доступа: http://www.berg.bendery.md/vp/mened/Water.pdf (дата обращения: 16.04.2018)

CONFLICTS OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE USE OF WATER RESOURCES

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 78, 56 - 63, 01.07.2018

Öz

In this article, intergovernmental relations on water resources management and the impact on development between the four countries of the region - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan - will be analyzed. The time frame of the study covers the period of independence in the early 1990s and to the present. The first step in this direction was the signing in 1992 of an agreement on the establishment of an Interstate Commission for Water Coordination. This marks the beginning of a new "water diplomacy" between the countries. Since then, several other documents have been signed and signed. However, not all agreements have been implemented or approved by one or more countries. Today in Central Asia, there are grounds for the development of potential local or regional conflicts due to undeveloped mechanisms for the use and provision of water resources. As a designated problem, a solution is proposed in the logic of Putnam's two-tier game approach. In the course of conducting international negotiations, the use of the proposed tools, within the framework of game theory, which will support the parties involved in terms of quantitative assessment and modeling of processes, is a fundamental component for conflict prevention and resolution.

Kaynakça

  • Alimov, R. M. Conflicts over Water Resources in Central Asia: a View from Uzbekistan, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2014. – Р. 171-176.
  • Allouche, J. A Source of Regional Tension in Central Asia: the Case of Water. The Illusions of Transition: Which Perspectives for Central Asia and the Caucasus? CIMERA. – Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies, 2014.
  • Giese, E. Water Shortage, Water Conflicts and Water Management in Dry Areas of Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 143-154.
  • FAO. Review of World Water Resources by Country: Water Report 23. – Rome, Italy: FAO, 2003. – P. 111.
  • Ilkhamov, A. Prospects for Regional Integration in Central Asia // Social Science Research Council, 2002: http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/ilkhamov.htm (yüklendi: 11. January 2018).
  • Jones-Luong, P. Political Obstacles to Economic Reform in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Strategies to Move Ahead. Lucerne Conference of the CIS - 7 Initiative. Lucerne, 2003.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. The Threat of Conflicts about the Interstate Use of TransboundaryWater Resources in Central Asia, in: Giese, Ernst / Reimund Seidelmann (eds.): Cooperation and Conflict Management in Central Asia. – Frankfurt a.M. et al.: Peter Lang, 2004. – Р. 155-160.
  • Mamatkanov, D. M. Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerinde su kaynakları ve kullanımı. Bölüm 4: Tarim Nehri havzası (Kırgızstan: Sary-Caz ve Ak-Say). (rusça). – Bişkek, 2003.
  • Avazbekova, M. Water as social and economic resource. Resolving questions about sharing water in Central Asia. Yüksek Lisans tezi. – Polytechnıc unıversıty of valencıa, Faculty of busıness admınıstratıon and management, 2014.
  • Nurkhanov, D. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan seek to bolster power generating capacity, break energy dependence // Euroasianet. – 2001. – 02.08.
  • Putnam, R. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games // International Organization, 1988. – Р. 427-460.
  • Vinogradov, S. Transboundary Water Resources in the Former Soviet Union: Between Conflict and Co-operation // Natural Resources Journal. – 1996. – №36 (2). – Р. 393-415.
  • Водное право: глоссарий. – Режим доступа: http://www.cawater‐info.net/bk/glossary/water_right/ (дата обращения: 20.03.2011).
  • Конвенция ЕЭК ООН по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Хельсинки, 1992 г.). – Режим доступа: http://cawater‐info.net/library/rus/lakes.pdf (дата обращения: 20.03.2018).
  • Протокол по проблемам воды и здоровья к Конвенции по охране и использованию трансграничных водотоков и международных озер (Лондон, 17 июня 1992 г). – Режим доступа: http://cawater-info.net/library/rus/lakes2.pdf(дата обращения 20.03.2018 г.).
  • Интегрированное управление водными ресурсами (ИУВР) и планы эффективного водопользования (Цели 2005 в Плане Действий WSSD). – Режим доступа: http://www.berg.bendery.md/vp/mened/Water.pdf (дата обращения: 16.04.2018)
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Rusça
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tansuluu Baktybekova Bu kişi benim

Konstantin Larionov Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 78

Kaynak Göster

APA Baktybekova, T., & Larionov, K. (2018). КОНФЛИКТЫ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ. Reforma, 2(78), 56-63.