CONVERGENCE OF HEALTH IN TURKEY AND MENA COUNTRIES: PANEL UNIT ROOT TEST
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 235 - 252, 31.12.2018
Dilek Şahin
Öz
Due to the significant impact of health spending on economic growth it
is important at examination of convergence in terms of health. In this study it
has been investigated by unit root test convergence of health policies between
1995 and 2014 in Turkey and MENA Countries. It is seen that there is a cross-sectional
dependency in the study. Then the CADF panel unit root test was applied from
the second generation panel unit root tests. In the analysis findings, there
was no convergence in health expenditures and convergence rate in the infant
mortality rate was observed as health output. The lack of convergence in MENA
countries in terms of health expenditures indicates that the remaining MENA
countries don’t reach the level of health expenditures to catch the leading
countries.
Kaynakça
-
Adeyemi, P.,& Ogunsola, A. (2016). The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria: ARDL Approach. Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 21(3): 1-7.
-
Arslan A. (2008). Convergence of Per Capita Health Care Expenditures in OECD Countries. MPRA Paper, No: 10592, 1-10.
-
Barro, R. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2): 407–43.
-
Fallahi, F. (2011). Convergence of Total Health Expenditure as a Share of GDP: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries. MPRA Paper, No: 51324. 1-22.
-
Karaca, O. (2004). Türkiye’de Bölgeler Arası Gelir Farklılıkları: Yakınsama Var mı ? Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu, Tartışma Metni 2004/7,1-16.
-
Lau, Chi, K., &Fung, K. W. (2014). Convergence in Health Care Expenditure of 14 EU Countries: New Evidence from Non-Linear Panel Unit Root Test. MPRA Paper No. 52871, 1-21.
-
Nghiem, S., &Connelly, L. (2017). Convergence and Determinants of Health Expenditures in OECD Countries, Nghiem and Connelly Health Economics Review, 7(29), 1-11.
-
Odhiambo, S., Wambugu, A., & Ng’ang’a T. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(6), 185-205.
-
Oyedele, O., & Adebayo, A. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes in Ecowas Countries, International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 4(2), 46-53.
-
Pekkurnaz, D. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure in OECD Countries: Evidence from a Nonlinear Asymmetric Heterogeneous Panel Unit Root Test, Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 4, 76-86.
-
Pesaran, M. H.(2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross SectionDependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 365-312.
-
Pesaran, M. H.,Ullah, A., &Yamagata, T. (2008). A Bias‐Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross‐Section Independence, The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
-
Pesaran, M.H., & Yamagata, T.(2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
-
Rassekh, F. (1998), The Convergence Hypothesis: History, Theory, and Evidence, Open Economics Review, 9, 85-105.
-
Sala-i Martin, X. (1995). The Classical Approach to Convergence Analysis, Economics Working Paper, 117, 1-28.
-
Schultz, T. (1961). Investment in Human Capital, The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
-
Tülümce, S., & Zeren, F. (2013). OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlığın Yakınsamasının Analizi: Panel Birim Kök Testi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 287-300.
TÜRKİYE VE MENA ÜLKELERİNDE SAĞLIĞIN YAKINSAMASI: PANEL BİRİM KÖK TESTİ
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 235 - 252, 31.12.2018
Dilek Şahin
Öz
Sağlık
harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki önemli etkisi nedeniyle, yakınsamanın
sağlık açısından incelenmesi son derecede önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 1995-2014
dönemleri arasında Türkiye ve MENA ülkelerinde sağlık politikalarının
yakınsaması panel birim kök testiyle araştırılmıştır. Serilerde yatay kesit
bağımlılığının bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ardından ikinci kuşak panel birim kök
testlerinden CADF panel birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz bulgularında
sağlık harcamalarında yakınsamanın olmadığı buna karşılık sağlık çıktısı olarak
bebek ölüm oranında yakınsamanın olduğu görülmüştür. Sağlık harcamaları
bakımından MENA ülkelerinde yakınsamanın bulunamaması geride kalan MENA
ülkelerinin lider ülkeleri yakalayacak düzeyde sağlık harcamalarına
ulaşamadıklarını göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
-
Adeyemi, P.,& Ogunsola, A. (2016). The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria: ARDL Approach. Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 21(3): 1-7.
-
Arslan A. (2008). Convergence of Per Capita Health Care Expenditures in OECD Countries. MPRA Paper, No: 10592, 1-10.
-
Barro, R. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2): 407–43.
-
Fallahi, F. (2011). Convergence of Total Health Expenditure as a Share of GDP: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries. MPRA Paper, No: 51324. 1-22.
-
Karaca, O. (2004). Türkiye’de Bölgeler Arası Gelir Farklılıkları: Yakınsama Var mı ? Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu, Tartışma Metni 2004/7,1-16.
-
Lau, Chi, K., &Fung, K. W. (2014). Convergence in Health Care Expenditure of 14 EU Countries: New Evidence from Non-Linear Panel Unit Root Test. MPRA Paper No. 52871, 1-21.
-
Nghiem, S., &Connelly, L. (2017). Convergence and Determinants of Health Expenditures in OECD Countries, Nghiem and Connelly Health Economics Review, 7(29), 1-11.
-
Odhiambo, S., Wambugu, A., & Ng’ang’a T. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(6), 185-205.
-
Oyedele, O., & Adebayo, A. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes in Ecowas Countries, International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 4(2), 46-53.
-
Pekkurnaz, D. (2015). Convergence of Health Expenditure in OECD Countries: Evidence from a Nonlinear Asymmetric Heterogeneous Panel Unit Root Test, Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 4, 76-86.
-
Pesaran, M. H.(2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross SectionDependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 365-312.
-
Pesaran, M. H.,Ullah, A., &Yamagata, T. (2008). A Bias‐Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross‐Section Independence, The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
-
Pesaran, M.H., & Yamagata, T.(2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
-
Rassekh, F. (1998), The Convergence Hypothesis: History, Theory, and Evidence, Open Economics Review, 9, 85-105.
-
Sala-i Martin, X. (1995). The Classical Approach to Convergence Analysis, Economics Working Paper, 117, 1-28.
-
Schultz, T. (1961). Investment in Human Capital, The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
-
Tülümce, S., & Zeren, F. (2013). OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlığın Yakınsamasının Analizi: Panel Birim Kök Testi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 287-300.