CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND EVENT DIFFERENCES IN ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 92 - 108, 27.10.2018

Alpay Güvenç Tahir Hazır Ümid Karlı Alper Aslan Caner Açıkada

Öz

The aim of the present
investigation was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in young
competitive male and female athletes engaged in different events of Track and
Field, and to compare them in relation to chronological age for each gender
group. Fifty-six 12-to14-year-old girls and sixty-three 11-to16-year-old boys
totally 119 athletes were participated in this study. Two event-specific-groups
and three chronological-age-groups were constructed for each gender.
Event-specific groups were composed of Group 1 (middle-long distance runners)
and Group 2 (sprinters, throwers, jumpers). Age groups were consisted of 12, 13
and 14 years old girls, and 11-12, 13-14 and 15-16 years old boys. Body mass
and stature were measured. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were
calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was assessed
with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x3) was used
for statistical analysis. Both absolute and relative anaerobic performance and
fatigue index values for each gender were significantly higher in the Group 2
than in the Group 1 (p<0.05). Absolute anaerobic power and capacity values
of male athletes significantly increased with age (p<0.01), but when there
were normalised with body mass or fat free mass, relative values did not
significantly change with age (p>0.05). However, the effects of age on
absolute and relative values of anaerobic performance were not significant in
female athletes (p>0.05). In conclusion, the level of
anaerobic performance was altered depending on event specialization in young
Track and Field athletes. This difference may demonstrate the effect of
training specificity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

track and field, anaerobic performance, event specialization, age

GENÇ ATLETLERDE ANAEROBİK PERFORMANS DÜZEYİNİN FARKLI YAŞ VE BRANŞ GRUPLARINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Atletizmin
farklı branşlarında müsabık genç erkek ve kız sporcularda anaerobik performans
düzeyinin farklı
branş ve kronolojik yaş gruplarına
bağlı
olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya,
kronolojik yaşları 12-14 yıl arasında değişen 56 kız ve 11-16 yıl arasında
değişen 63 erkek, toplam 119 atlet katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, kız ve erkekler
ayrı olmak üzere, Atletizm’de ilgilendikleri branşlara göre iki farklı branş
grubuna ve ayrıca üç farklı kronolojik yaş grubuna ayrılmışlardır. Branş
gruplarında, Grup-1 orta-uzun mesafe koşucularını (n=32 erkek atlet; n=28 kız
atlet), Grup-2 ise sprint, atma ve atlama branşlarını kapsamaktadır (n=31 erkek
atlet; n=28 kız atlet). Yaş grupları ise, kızlarda 12, 13 ve 14 yaş,
erkeklerde ise 11-12, 13-14 ve 15-16 yaş olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Vücut
ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleriyle birlikte, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağsız
vücut kütlesi uygun eşitlikler yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Anaerobik
performans Wingate Anaerobik Testi ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel
analizlerde İki Yönlü Varyans Analizi (2x3) kullanılmıştır. Sprint, atma ve
atlama branşlarında müsabık atletlerden oluşan Grup-2’nin gerek absolut gerekse
relatif anaerobik performans düzeyi ve yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin orta-uzun
mesafe koşuculardan oluşan Grup-1’den önemli derecede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur
(p<0.05). Erkek atletlerde absolut anaerobik güç ve kapasite değerlerinin
yaşın ilerlemesiyle birlikte anlamlı ölçüde arttığı (p<0.01), ancak vücut
ağırlığı ve yağsız vücut kütlesine oranlanmış relatif anaerobik performans
değerlerinin yaşla birlikte önemli ölçüde değişmediği (p>0.05)
belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kız atletlerde, yaşın absolut ve relatif
anaerobik performans düzeyine etkisi anlamsızdır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak,
genç Atletizm sporcularında anaerobik performans düzeyinin ilgilenilen branşa
özgü olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bunun bir ölçüde yapılan antrenman türü
ve müsabakaya bağlı bir değişkenlik olabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

atletizm, anaerobik performans, branşlaşma, yaş

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