Maksilla Posterior Bölgede Vertikal Kemik Miktarının Yetersizliği Durumunda Uygulanan Kısa İmplantların Üzerindeki Ve Etrafındaki Kuvvet Dağılımının Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 349 - 355, 01.12.2018

Adnan Kılınç , Mert Ataol , Nesrin Saruhan , Mustafa Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.333523

Öz

Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın
amacı; 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar analiz yöntemi ile posterior maksiller dişsiz
bölgeye uygulanan kısa dental implantların üzerinde ve çevresinde oluşan kuvvet
dağılımlarının incelenmesidir.

Yöntem:
Maksiller sinüs
pnömatizasyonu bulunan dişsiz posterior alana sahip sağlıklı bir bireyin
bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri temel alınarak bir model oluşturuldu.
Ardından 6,5 mm uzunluğunda ve 4 mm çapında vida tipi silindirik implant modeli
oluşturuldu. Vertikal ve oblik kuvvetler simüle edilerek üç boyutlu sonlu
elemanlar stres analizi yöntemi ile implant üzerinde ve çevre kemik üzerinde oluşan
stresler değerlendirildi.

Bulgular:
Vertikal ve
oblik yükleme esnasında implant üzerinde oluşan streslerin değerlendirilimesi
için von Mises stresi sonuçları hem sayısal olarak hem de renklendirilmiş
görüntüler olarak kaydedilmiştir. Kortikal kemik ve kansellöz kemik üzerinde
belirlenen 4 bölge üzerinde oluşan von Mises stres, çekme stresi ve baskı
stresi sonuçları hem sayısal olarak hem de renklendirilmiş görüntüler olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre; streslerin kansellöz kemiğe oranla kortikal kemikte
yoğun olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, en yüksek kuvvetler implant içerisinde
oluştuğu ve dayanak-implant birleşimi yakınında, implantın kortikal kemik ile
komşuluk yaptığı bölge sınırında yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür.

Sonuç:
Çalışılan tüm
modellerde elde edilen stres değerlerinin yıkıcı sınırlara yaklaşmaması
sebebiyle, maksiller posterior dişsiz bölgede kısa implantların kullanımının
başarılı olabileceği öngörülmüştür. İmplantlara gelen oblik kuvvetlerin
oluşturduğu stresin daha yüksek değerlerde olduğu düşünülerek, özellikle kısa
implant yerleştirileceği zaman, implantların mümkün olduğunca okluzal
kuvvetlere paralel şekilde yerleştirilmesi biyomekanik açıdan önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sonlu Eleman Analizi, Kısa İmplant, Posterior Maksilla, Vertikal Kemik Yetersizliği

Evaluation of Stress Distribution with Finite Element Analysis on and around Short Implants in Case of Inadequate Vertical Bone Quantity in Maxilla Posterior Region

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this study was to
evaluate the stress distribution on the short implant and surrounding bone that
was applied to posterior maxillary edentulous region.

Methods: The model was defined
according to a computed tomography images of a healthy patient’s posterior
edentulous region with maxillary sinus pneumatization. Then, 6.5mm length and
4mm diameter cylindrical titanium implant was modeled. Vertical and oblique forces  were simulated and evaluated with
three-dimensionally finite element analysis method.

Results: For evaluating the stresses
on the implant during vertical and oblique loading, von Mises stress results
were recorded both numerically and as colored images. Von Mises stress,
compressive stress and tensile stress on the four regions determined on cortical
bone and cancellous bone were evaluated with numerical and colored images.
According to results; stresses were found to be high in the cortical bone
compared to the cancellous bone. Also, the highest stress was found on the
implant body, and the stress were high at near the abutment-implant junction,
region of the implant adjacent to the cortical bone.

Conclusion:   It
is predicted that the use of short implants in maxillary posterior region could
be appropriate because the obtained stress values in all models were not high
as the destructive limits. Taking into account that the stress on the implants
generated by the oblique forces is higher, for especially short implant
placement, it is important biomechanically that the implants should be placed
as possible as parallel to the occlusal forces.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finite Element Analysis, Short Implant, Posterior Maxilla, Vertical Bone Deficiency

Kaynakça

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