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Milbemectin İle Seleksiyon Yapılmış Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Popülasyonunda Direnç, Direnç Kalıtımı Ve Bazı Detoksifikasyon Enzimlerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 17 - 26, 12.10.2018

Öz

Bu
çalışmada Panonychus ulmi (Koch)’de milbemectin’e direnç
gelişimi, direnç kalıtımı ve biyokimyasal direnç mekanizması incelenmiştir. Bu
amaçla hassas popülasyon HS de milbemectin ilacı ile seleksiyon yapılmıştır.
Çalışmada ilaçlama kulesi-yaprak disk yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak
HS popülasyonunda milbemectin LC50 ve 70 değerleri
belirlenmiştir. İlk seleksiyon dozu olarak LC70 dozu kullanılmıştır.
Daha sonraki seleksiyon dozları ise her seferinde 1.5 kat artırarak
uygulanmıştır. Beşinci seleksiyon sonunda, dirençli popülasyonda direnç kalıtım
çalışmaları ve biyokimyasal çalışmalar yapılmıştır.



Panonychus ulmi
hassas popülasyonunda milbemectin LC50ve 70 dozları sırasıyla
0.117 ve 0.264 µl/ 100 ml su olarak bulunmuştur. HS popülasyonun 5 seleksiyon
sonunda LC50 değeri 0.870 µl/ 100 ml suya ve direnç oranıda
7.43 kata artmıştır. Direnç kalıtım
çalışmalarında,
M5 ♂ X GSS ♀ resiprokal
çaprazlamasından elde edilen F1 dişilerinde, D = 0.56; GSS ♂X M5 ♀ resiprokal
çaprazlamasından elde edilen F1 dişilerinde ise, D = 0.06 olarak bulunmuştur.
Biyokimyasal çalışmalarda ise esteraz, Glutathion S-Transferaz (GST) enzimi ve
Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzimleri sırasıyla α-naftyl asetat,
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) ve 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) substratları ile
belirlenmiştir. Seleksiyon popülasyonunda (M5) esteraz, GST ve P450 enzimleri
sırasıyla başlangıç popülasyona göre
1.67, 0.57 ve 2.09 kat artmıştır.  

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR Anonim, (2013). http://www.philagro.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/milbeknock-info.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05/10/2017
  • Ay, R. ve Yorulmaz, S. 2009. Bifenthrin’e Dirençli Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de Çoklu Direnç, Direnç Kalıtımı Ve Sitokrom P450 Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 2009, 49 (2): 67-78. http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/bitkorb/article/view/1011001304/1011001269
  • Ay, R., Yorulmaz, S. 2010. Inheritance And Detoxification Enzyme Levels In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Strain Selected With Chlorpyrifos. J Pest. Sci., 2010, 83:85-93. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-009-0274-9
  • Ay, R., Yorulmaz Salman, S., İşçi, M. ve Yaman Y. 2013. Böceklerde İnsektisit Direnç Yönetimi. I. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri ve Makineleri Kongresi. 2-5 Nisan 2013. Antalya.
  • Bradford, M. M. 1976. A Rapid And Sensitiv Method For The Quantitation Of Microgram Quantities Of Protein Utilizing The Principle Of Protein – Dye B Inding. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976, 72: 248-254. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003269776905273
  • Brown, W. 1958. Insecticide Resistance in Artropods’. W.H.O., 1958, 240p. Genewe. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19592900438
  • Croft, B. A. 1975. Integrated Control Of Apple Mites. Michigan State University Extension Service Bulletine, 1975, 825, 12.
  • İnak E., Çobanoğlu S. 2016. Akarisitler Ve Etki Mekanizmaları. Türk. Entomol. Bült., 2016, 6(4): 371-382. http://dergipark.gov.tr/entoteb/issue/30024/324157
  • Kramer, T. and Nauen, R. 2011. Monitoring Of Spirodiclofen Susceptibility In Field Populations Of European Red Mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), And The Cross‐Resistance Pattern Of A Laboratory‐Selected Strain. Pest Management Science. 2011, 67(10): 1285-1293. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2184/full
  • Lee, Y. S., Song, M. H., Ahn, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Kim, J. W., Kim, G. H. 2003. Monitoring Of Acaricide Resistance In Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) Populations From Rose Greenhouses In Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2003, 6(1): 91-96. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226861508601739
  • LeOra Software. 1994. POLO-PC: A User’s Guide to Probitor Logit Analysis LeOra Software, 28 p., Berkeley, CA. http://www.skypig.info/pdf/Polo/6.pdf Nauen, R., Stumpf, N., Elbert, A., Zebitz, C. P. W., Kraus, W. 2001. Acaricide Toxicity And Resistance In Larvae Of Different Strains Of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 2001, 57(3): 253-261. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.280/full
  • Nicastro, R. L., Sato, M. E., Da Silva, M. Z. 2010. Milbemectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): Selection, Stability And Cross-Resistance To Abamectin. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2010, 50(3): 231-241. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-009-9304-9
  • Pree, D. J., Wagner, H. W. 1987. Occurrence Of Cyhexatin And Dicofol Resistance In The European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), In Southern Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist, 1987, 119(3): 287-290. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/occurrence-of-cyhexatin-and-dicofol-resistance-in-the-european-red-mite-panonychus-ulmi-koch-acari-tetranychidae-in-southern-ontario/0705C1631B93FFC18A4015961090B82A
  • Rauch, N. & Nauen, R. 2002. Spirodiclofen Resistance Risk Assessment In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): A Biochemical Approach. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2002, 74(2): 91-101. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357502001505
  • SAS. 1999. Statistical Analysis System User’ Guide Statistics. SAS Institute Inc. Cary NC 27513USA. https://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/91pdf/sasdoc_91/stat_ug_7313.pdf
  • Sato M. E., Mıyata T., Da Sılva M., Raga A., De Souza Fılho M.G., 2004. Selections For Fenpyroximate Resistance And Susceptibility, And Inheritance, Cross-Resistance And Stability Of Fenpyroximate Resistance In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 2004, 39 (2): 293–302 . https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aez/39/2/39_2_293/_article/-char/ja/
  • Stumpf, N. ve Nauen, R. 2001. Cross-Resistance, Inheritance, And Biochemistry Of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitor-Acaricide Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 2001, 94(6): 1577-1583. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1603/0022-0493-94.6.1577
  • Stumpf, N. ve Nauen, R. 2002. Biochemical Markers Linked To Abamaectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2002, 72: 111-121. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357501925830
  • Tirello, P., Pozzebon, A., Cassanelli, S., Van Leeuwen, T., Duso, C. 2012. Resistance To Acaricides In Italian Strains Of Tetranychus urticae: Toxicological And Enzymatic Assays. Experimental And Applied Acarology, 2012, 57(1): 53-64. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-012-9536-y
  • Tsagkarakou, A., M. Navajas, F. Rousset and N. Pasteur. 1999. Genetic Differentiation In Tetranychus urticae (Acari : Tetranychidae) From Greenhouses In France. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1999, 23: 365-378. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1343-6_12
  • Van Leeuwen, T., Stillatus, V., Tirry, L. 2004. Genetic Analysis And Cross-Resistance Spectrum Of A Laboratory-Selected Chlorfenapyr Resistant Strain Of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology. 2004, 32(4): 249-261. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FB%3AAPPA.0000023240.01937.6d?LI=true
  • Van Leeuwen, T., Van Pottelberge, S., ve Tirry, L. 2005. Comparative Acaricide Susceptibility And Detoxifying Enzyme Activities In Field‐Collected Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of Tetranychus urticae. Pest Management Science. 2005, 61(5): 499-507. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.1001/full
  • Yorulmaz, S., Ay, R. 2009. Multiple Resistance, Detoxifying Enzyme Activity, And Inheritance Of Abamectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2009, 33(4), 393-402. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/abstract.htm?id=10395
  • Yorulmaz Salman, S., Yaman, Y., Aydınlı F. ve Ay, R. 2013. Avcı Akar Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Popülasyonlarının Milbemectin’e Karşı Direnç Düzeyleri, Sinerjistleri ve Detoksifikasyon Enzimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi – Journal of Agricultural Sciences.2013, 19:207-218. http://tarimbilimleri.agri.ankara.edu.tr/2013/19_3/6.makale.pdf
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 17 - 26, 12.10.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR Anonim, (2013). http://www.philagro.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/milbeknock-info.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05/10/2017
  • Ay, R. ve Yorulmaz, S. 2009. Bifenthrin’e Dirençli Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de Çoklu Direnç, Direnç Kalıtımı Ve Sitokrom P450 Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 2009, 49 (2): 67-78. http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/bitkorb/article/view/1011001304/1011001269
  • Ay, R., Yorulmaz, S. 2010. Inheritance And Detoxification Enzyme Levels In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Strain Selected With Chlorpyrifos. J Pest. Sci., 2010, 83:85-93. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-009-0274-9
  • Ay, R., Yorulmaz Salman, S., İşçi, M. ve Yaman Y. 2013. Böceklerde İnsektisit Direnç Yönetimi. I. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri ve Makineleri Kongresi. 2-5 Nisan 2013. Antalya.
  • Bradford, M. M. 1976. A Rapid And Sensitiv Method For The Quantitation Of Microgram Quantities Of Protein Utilizing The Principle Of Protein – Dye B Inding. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976, 72: 248-254. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003269776905273
  • Brown, W. 1958. Insecticide Resistance in Artropods’. W.H.O., 1958, 240p. Genewe. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19592900438
  • Croft, B. A. 1975. Integrated Control Of Apple Mites. Michigan State University Extension Service Bulletine, 1975, 825, 12.
  • İnak E., Çobanoğlu S. 2016. Akarisitler Ve Etki Mekanizmaları. Türk. Entomol. Bült., 2016, 6(4): 371-382. http://dergipark.gov.tr/entoteb/issue/30024/324157
  • Kramer, T. and Nauen, R. 2011. Monitoring Of Spirodiclofen Susceptibility In Field Populations Of European Red Mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), And The Cross‐Resistance Pattern Of A Laboratory‐Selected Strain. Pest Management Science. 2011, 67(10): 1285-1293. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2184/full
  • Lee, Y. S., Song, M. H., Ahn, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Kim, J. W., Kim, G. H. 2003. Monitoring Of Acaricide Resistance In Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) Populations From Rose Greenhouses In Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2003, 6(1): 91-96. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226861508601739
  • LeOra Software. 1994. POLO-PC: A User’s Guide to Probitor Logit Analysis LeOra Software, 28 p., Berkeley, CA. http://www.skypig.info/pdf/Polo/6.pdf Nauen, R., Stumpf, N., Elbert, A., Zebitz, C. P. W., Kraus, W. 2001. Acaricide Toxicity And Resistance In Larvae Of Different Strains Of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 2001, 57(3): 253-261. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.280/full
  • Nicastro, R. L., Sato, M. E., Da Silva, M. Z. 2010. Milbemectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): Selection, Stability And Cross-Resistance To Abamectin. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2010, 50(3): 231-241. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-009-9304-9
  • Pree, D. J., Wagner, H. W. 1987. Occurrence Of Cyhexatin And Dicofol Resistance In The European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), In Southern Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist, 1987, 119(3): 287-290. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/occurrence-of-cyhexatin-and-dicofol-resistance-in-the-european-red-mite-panonychus-ulmi-koch-acari-tetranychidae-in-southern-ontario/0705C1631B93FFC18A4015961090B82A
  • Rauch, N. & Nauen, R. 2002. Spirodiclofen Resistance Risk Assessment In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): A Biochemical Approach. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2002, 74(2): 91-101. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357502001505
  • SAS. 1999. Statistical Analysis System User’ Guide Statistics. SAS Institute Inc. Cary NC 27513USA. https://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/91pdf/sasdoc_91/stat_ug_7313.pdf
  • Sato M. E., Mıyata T., Da Sılva M., Raga A., De Souza Fılho M.G., 2004. Selections For Fenpyroximate Resistance And Susceptibility, And Inheritance, Cross-Resistance And Stability Of Fenpyroximate Resistance In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 2004, 39 (2): 293–302 . https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aez/39/2/39_2_293/_article/-char/ja/
  • Stumpf, N. ve Nauen, R. 2001. Cross-Resistance, Inheritance, And Biochemistry Of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitor-Acaricide Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 2001, 94(6): 1577-1583. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1603/0022-0493-94.6.1577
  • Stumpf, N. ve Nauen, R. 2002. Biochemical Markers Linked To Abamaectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2002, 72: 111-121. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357501925830
  • Tirello, P., Pozzebon, A., Cassanelli, S., Van Leeuwen, T., Duso, C. 2012. Resistance To Acaricides In Italian Strains Of Tetranychus urticae: Toxicological And Enzymatic Assays. Experimental And Applied Acarology, 2012, 57(1): 53-64. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-012-9536-y
  • Tsagkarakou, A., M. Navajas, F. Rousset and N. Pasteur. 1999. Genetic Differentiation In Tetranychus urticae (Acari : Tetranychidae) From Greenhouses In France. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1999, 23: 365-378. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1343-6_12
  • Van Leeuwen, T., Stillatus, V., Tirry, L. 2004. Genetic Analysis And Cross-Resistance Spectrum Of A Laboratory-Selected Chlorfenapyr Resistant Strain Of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology. 2004, 32(4): 249-261. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FB%3AAPPA.0000023240.01937.6d?LI=true
  • Van Leeuwen, T., Van Pottelberge, S., ve Tirry, L. 2005. Comparative Acaricide Susceptibility And Detoxifying Enzyme Activities In Field‐Collected Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of Tetranychus urticae. Pest Management Science. 2005, 61(5): 499-507. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.1001/full
  • Yorulmaz, S., Ay, R. 2009. Multiple Resistance, Detoxifying Enzyme Activity, And Inheritance Of Abamectin Resistance In Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2009, 33(4), 393-402. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/abstract.htm?id=10395
  • Yorulmaz Salman, S., Yaman, Y., Aydınlı F. ve Ay, R. 2013. Avcı Akar Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Popülasyonlarının Milbemectin’e Karşı Direnç Düzeyleri, Sinerjistleri ve Detoksifikasyon Enzimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi – Journal of Agricultural Sciences.2013, 19:207-218. http://tarimbilimleri.agri.ankara.edu.tr/2013/19_3/6.makale.pdf
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Recep Ay 0000-0001-9483-7255

Mehmet Ali İnanıcı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ekim 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2017
Kabul Tarihi 14 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ay, R., & İnanıcı, M. A. (2018). Milbemectin İle Seleksiyon Yapılmış Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Popülasyonunda Direnç, Direnç Kalıtımı Ve Bazı Detoksifikasyon Enzimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 17-26.