Physico-Mechanical Properties of Pellets Made of Peach Pit and Lignite Coal Dust
Yıl 2018,
1. Uluslararası Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 274 - 280, 31.12.2018
Serdar Üçok
,
Orhan A. Atay
Kamil Ekinci
,
Hüseyin Kaçar
Barbaros S. Kumbul
Ali Aybek
Öz
In this study, peach pit (PP) with Lignite Coal Dust-coal powder (CP) at specific ratios were pelletized by a pelletizing machine having flat die and roller with a capacity of 50-60 kg/h. The pellet die had an inlet hole diameter of 11 mm, an outlet hole diameter of 7 mm and a die height of 25 mm. The pellets mixtures was prepared as 100% CP, 90%CP+10%PP, 75%CP+25%PP, 50%CP+50%PP, 25%CP+75%PP, 10%CP+90%PP, and 100%PP as dry weight basis. The results showed that pellet particle density varied from 647.3 to 1059.15 kg/m3 and increased with increase in the CP in the mixtures. Durability resistance of the pellets ranged from 67.70 to 92.72%. The least durability resistant pellet (67.60%) was the one having the proportion of CP of 100% in the mixture. Durability resistant increased with increase in PP in the mixture. The least shatter resistant pellet was the one having CP of 100% in the mixture. The highest shatter resistant pellet was the one having the mixture of 100% of PP.
Kaynakça
-
Acaroğlu, M., 2007. Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları. Nobel Yayın No: 1253, 609s, Ankara.
-
Adapa, P. K., Singh, A. K., Schoenau, G. J. ve Tabil, L. G. 2006. Pelleting characteristics of fractionated alfalfa grinds: hardness models. Power Handling and Processing, 18 (5): 1-6
-
Al-Widyan MI, Al-Jalil HF. Stress–density relationship and energy requirement of compressed olive cake. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2001;17:749–53.
-
Anonim, 2006. Türkiye’nin Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları. Türkiye Çevre Vakfı, Yayın No: 175, 368s, Ankara. ASAE S269.4 DEC96. 1998. Cubes, Pellets, and Crumbles—Definitions and Methods for Determining Density, Durability, and Moisture Content.
-
ASAE S269.4 DEC96. 1998. Cubes, Pellets, and Crumbles-Definitions andMethods for Determining Density, Durability, and Moisture Content.
-
Başçetinçelik, A., Öztürk, H.H., Karaca, C., Kacıra, M., Ekinci, K., Kaya, D., Baban, A. 2005. First Progress Report of Exploitation of Agricultural Residues in Turkey, LIFE03TCY/TR/000061.
-
Başçetinçelik, A., Karaca, C., Öztürk, H.H., Kacıra, M., Ekinci, K., 2005 “Agricultural Biomass Potential in Turkey”, Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture & 27th International Conference of CIGR Section IV: The Efficient Use of Electricity and Renewable Energy Sources in Agriculture, Sep.27-29, 2005, İzmir-TURKEY.
-
Başçetinçelik A., Ozturk H. H., Ekinci K., Kaya D., Kacira M., Karaca C., 2009b. Assessment of the applicability of EU biomass technologies in Turkey. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 27(4), 295-306.
-
Fasina OO, Sokhansanj S. 1996. Storage and handling characteristics of alfalfa pellets. Powder Handling and Processing;8:361–5Goswami DY, Kreith F (2007) Global energy system. In: Kreith F, Goswami DY (Eds), Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. CRC Press, Florida, pp: 1-20.
-
IEA, 2006. World Energy Outlook. International EnergyAgency, Paris
-
IPCC, 2000. Special report on emission scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/emissions_scenarios.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08.06.2017).
-
Karkania, V., Fanara, E., Zabaniotou, A. 2012. Review of sustainable biomass pellets production – A study for agricultural residues pellets’ market in Greece, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012) 1426– 1436.
-
Kaliyan, N., ve Morey, R.V. 2009. Factor affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33: 337-359.
-
Kaliyan, N., ve Morey, R.V. 2009. Factor affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33: 337-359.
-
Khankari KK, Shrivastava M, Morey RV. 1989. Densification characteristics of rice hulls. ASAE paper no. 89-6093. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE;.
-
Khoshtaghaza MH, Sokhansanj S, Gossen BD., 1999. Quality of alfalfa cubes during shipping and storage. Applied Engineering in Agriculture;15:671–6.
-
Liu, X., Liu, Z., Fei, B., Cai, Z., Jiang, Z., ve Liu, X. 2013 Comparative properties bamboo, rice straw pellets. Bio Resource, 8(1): 638-647.
-
Liu, Z., Quek, A., ve Balasubramanian, R. 2014. Preparation and characterization of fuel pellets from woody biomass,agro-residues and their corresponding hydrochars. Applied Energy, 113: 1315-1322.
-
Öztürk, H. H., 2008. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları ve Kullanımı. Teknik Yayınevi, 367s, Ankara.
-
Pietsch W. 2002.Agglomeration processes – phenomena, technologies, equipment. Weinheim: Wiley-VCHProchnow, A., Heiermann, M., Plöchl, M., Amon, T., Hobbs, P.J. Bioenergy from Permanent Grassland – A Review: 2. Combustion. Bioresource Technology, 100, 2009, 4945-4954.
-
Sah P, Singh B, Agrawal U. 1980 Compaction behavior of straw. Journal of Agricultural Engineering – India 1980;18:89–96.
-
Shrivastava M, Shrivastava P, Khankari KK. 1989. Densification characteristics of rice husk under cold and hot compression. In: Dodd VA, Grace PM, editors.
-
Agricultural Engineering: proceedings of the 11th international congress on agricultural engineering, Dublin, 4–8 September 1989. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Pub; 1989. p. 2441–3.
-
Sözer, S., Yaldız, O., 2006. A research about the Biogas production from cattle manure and mixtures. Akdeniz University, Agriculture Faculty Periodical, 19(2): 179-183.
-
Tabil, L.G.,ve Sokhansanj, S. 1996. Pocess conditions affecting the physical quality of alfalfa pellets. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12: 345-350.
-
Tosun, İ., Gönüllü, M.T., Arslankaya, E., 2002, Gülyağı Sanayi Proses Atıkları Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, 1.Ulusal Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Çevre Sorunları Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 1, 864-873, 16-18 Ekim 2002, Erzurum.
-
Yılmaz H. 2014. Bazı Tarımsal Artıkların Peletlenmesi ve Pelet Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makinaları ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği A.B.D., 2001.
-
Vinterback J. Pellets 2002: the first world conference on pellets. Biomass Bioenergy 2004;27(6):513e20. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK.
Şeftali Çekirdeği ve Linyit Kömür Tozundan Yapilan Peletlerin Fiziko Mekanik Özellikleri
Yıl 2018,
1. Uluslararası Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 274 - 280, 31.12.2018
Serdar Üçok
,
Orhan A. Atay
Kamil Ekinci
,
Hüseyin Kaçar
Barbaros S. Kumbul
Ali Aybek
Öz
Bu çalışmada, şeftali çekirdeği (SÇ) ile linyit kömür tozunun
(LKT) farklı karışım elde edilmiş ve 3 kW motor gücüne sahip (redüktör dönü
sayısı: 96 devir/dakika), işleme kapasitesi 50-60 kg/h olan, dairesel sıralı
delikli düz kalıp olan peletleme makinesinde peletlenmiştir. Pelet kalıbının
giriş delik çapı 11 mm, çıkış delik çapı 7 mm ve kalıp boyu 25 mm'dir. Peletler
%100 ŞÇ, % 90ŞÇ +%10 LKT, %75CP+%25 LKT, % 50ŞÇ +% 50LKT, % 25ŞÇ +%75 LKT, %10
ŞÇ +%90 LKT ve %100 LKT karışım oranlarında kuru halde peletlenmiştir. Pelet
parça yoğunlukları 647.03 ile 1059.15 kg/m3 arasında değişmiştir. En
düşük dayanıklılık direnci (%67.60) %100 LKT’da meydana gelmiştir. Şeftali
çekirdeğinin artmasıyla dayanılılık direnci artmıştır. En yüksek kırılma
direnci % 100 seftali çekirdeğinde (%99.57) meydana gelmiştir.
Kaynakça
-
Acaroğlu, M., 2007. Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları. Nobel Yayın No: 1253, 609s, Ankara.
-
Adapa, P. K., Singh, A. K., Schoenau, G. J. ve Tabil, L. G. 2006. Pelleting characteristics of fractionated alfalfa grinds: hardness models. Power Handling and Processing, 18 (5): 1-6
-
Al-Widyan MI, Al-Jalil HF. Stress–density relationship and energy requirement of compressed olive cake. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2001;17:749–53.
-
Anonim, 2006. Türkiye’nin Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları. Türkiye Çevre Vakfı, Yayın No: 175, 368s, Ankara. ASAE S269.4 DEC96. 1998. Cubes, Pellets, and Crumbles—Definitions and Methods for Determining Density, Durability, and Moisture Content.
-
ASAE S269.4 DEC96. 1998. Cubes, Pellets, and Crumbles-Definitions andMethods for Determining Density, Durability, and Moisture Content.
-
Başçetinçelik, A., Öztürk, H.H., Karaca, C., Kacıra, M., Ekinci, K., Kaya, D., Baban, A. 2005. First Progress Report of Exploitation of Agricultural Residues in Turkey, LIFE03TCY/TR/000061.
-
Başçetinçelik, A., Karaca, C., Öztürk, H.H., Kacıra, M., Ekinci, K., 2005 “Agricultural Biomass Potential in Turkey”, Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture & 27th International Conference of CIGR Section IV: The Efficient Use of Electricity and Renewable Energy Sources in Agriculture, Sep.27-29, 2005, İzmir-TURKEY.
-
Başçetinçelik A., Ozturk H. H., Ekinci K., Kaya D., Kacira M., Karaca C., 2009b. Assessment of the applicability of EU biomass technologies in Turkey. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 27(4), 295-306.
-
Fasina OO, Sokhansanj S. 1996. Storage and handling characteristics of alfalfa pellets. Powder Handling and Processing;8:361–5Goswami DY, Kreith F (2007) Global energy system. In: Kreith F, Goswami DY (Eds), Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. CRC Press, Florida, pp: 1-20.
-
IEA, 2006. World Energy Outlook. International EnergyAgency, Paris
-
IPCC, 2000. Special report on emission scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/emissions_scenarios.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08.06.2017).
-
Karkania, V., Fanara, E., Zabaniotou, A. 2012. Review of sustainable biomass pellets production – A study for agricultural residues pellets’ market in Greece, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012) 1426– 1436.
-
Kaliyan, N., ve Morey, R.V. 2009. Factor affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33: 337-359.
-
Kaliyan, N., ve Morey, R.V. 2009. Factor affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33: 337-359.
-
Khankari KK, Shrivastava M, Morey RV. 1989. Densification characteristics of rice hulls. ASAE paper no. 89-6093. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE;.
-
Khoshtaghaza MH, Sokhansanj S, Gossen BD., 1999. Quality of alfalfa cubes during shipping and storage. Applied Engineering in Agriculture;15:671–6.
-
Liu, X., Liu, Z., Fei, B., Cai, Z., Jiang, Z., ve Liu, X. 2013 Comparative properties bamboo, rice straw pellets. Bio Resource, 8(1): 638-647.
-
Liu, Z., Quek, A., ve Balasubramanian, R. 2014. Preparation and characterization of fuel pellets from woody biomass,agro-residues and their corresponding hydrochars. Applied Energy, 113: 1315-1322.
-
Öztürk, H. H., 2008. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları ve Kullanımı. Teknik Yayınevi, 367s, Ankara.
-
Pietsch W. 2002.Agglomeration processes – phenomena, technologies, equipment. Weinheim: Wiley-VCHProchnow, A., Heiermann, M., Plöchl, M., Amon, T., Hobbs, P.J. Bioenergy from Permanent Grassland – A Review: 2. Combustion. Bioresource Technology, 100, 2009, 4945-4954.
-
Sah P, Singh B, Agrawal U. 1980 Compaction behavior of straw. Journal of Agricultural Engineering – India 1980;18:89–96.
-
Shrivastava M, Shrivastava P, Khankari KK. 1989. Densification characteristics of rice husk under cold and hot compression. In: Dodd VA, Grace PM, editors.
-
Agricultural Engineering: proceedings of the 11th international congress on agricultural engineering, Dublin, 4–8 September 1989. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Pub; 1989. p. 2441–3.
-
Sözer, S., Yaldız, O., 2006. A research about the Biogas production from cattle manure and mixtures. Akdeniz University, Agriculture Faculty Periodical, 19(2): 179-183.
-
Tabil, L.G.,ve Sokhansanj, S. 1996. Pocess conditions affecting the physical quality of alfalfa pellets. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12: 345-350.
-
Tosun, İ., Gönüllü, M.T., Arslankaya, E., 2002, Gülyağı Sanayi Proses Atıkları Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, 1.Ulusal Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Çevre Sorunları Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 1, 864-873, 16-18 Ekim 2002, Erzurum.
-
Yılmaz H. 2014. Bazı Tarımsal Artıkların Peletlenmesi ve Pelet Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makinaları ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği A.B.D., 2001.
-
Vinterback J. Pellets 2002: the first world conference on pellets. Biomass Bioenergy 2004;27(6):513e20. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK.