Roman Türünün Sonu Kuramları

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 39, 49 - 64, 22.06.2018

Barış Mete

https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.443340

Öz

Diğer edebi türlerle karşılaştırıldığında roman, örneğin İngiliz Edebiyatı’nda, on sekizinci yüzyılın son dönemlerinde Burjuva sınıfıyla ortaya çıkan en son türdür. İngiltere’de aynı zaman diliminde Defoe, Richardson ve Fielding’in yapıtları romanı özellikle orta sınıf okuyucular arasında yaygınlaştırmıştır. Klasik türlerin, esas olarak da destan türünün aksine, roman sıradan insanı ele almıştır. Sıradan insanın günlük yaşantısını betimlemiştir. On dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca roman gelişip tam anlamıyla oturmuş bir tür haline gelmiştir. Bu dönem, İngiliz Edebiyatı’nda bu türün en iyi örneklerinin verildiği dönemdir. Yirminci yüzyılda, özellikle de İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında, roman bir tür son algısı tartışmalarının konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu türün geleceğinin olmadığı açıkça ifade edilmiştir. Romanın kısa süre içinde yok olmuş bir tür olacağı öne sürülmüştür. Bütün bu olumsuz beklentiler romanın geleceğini doğru bir biçimde tahmin edememiş olsa da, neden pek çok yazar ve kuramcının bu tartışmalara katıldığını tam olarak anlamak önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Roman, yükseliş, düşüş, zaman, kuram

Theories of the End of the Novel

Öz

Compared to the other literary genres, the novel is the most recent form that emerged, for example, in English Literature with the rise of the bourgeoisie in the late eighteenth century. It was the work of Defoe, Richardson and Fielding in England in the same period of time that popularised the novel especially among the middle class readers. In contrast to the classical genres, particularly the epic, the novel was about common man. It depicted the everyday life of ordinary individuals. During the nineteenth century, the novel developed and became a fully established genre. It was the era of the most refined examples of the genre in English Literature. In the twentieth century, especially after the end of the Second World War, the novel became the subject of the discussions about a sense of an ending. It was openly argued that the genre would not have a future. It was claimed that the novel would soon be a deceased genre. Although all those pessimistic prognostications have failed to predict the future of the novel truly, it is essential to comprehend why a number of writers and literary theorists participated in the discussions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Novel, rise, fall, time, theory.

Kaynakça

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