OECD Ülkelerinde Kurumsal Kalite ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 31, 75 - 90, 27.01.2017

Mehmet Avcı Gizem Mukiyen Avcı

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.288624

Cited By: 3

Öz

Gelir eşitsizliği günümüzün en önemli iktisadi konularından birisi olarak gösterilmektedir. Bireye özgü, iktisadi, sosyal ve siyasi faktörlerin yanı sıra kurumsal faktörler de gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde etkilidir. Daha iyi kurumsal kaliteye sahip olan ülkelerde daha düşük gelir eşitsizliği beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada kurumsal kalite ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi 23 OECD ülkesinde 1984- 2011 periyodu için sabit ve rassal etkiler modeli ile araştırılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kurumsal kalite ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında negatif bir ilişki söz konusudur. Buna göre kurumsal kalite gelir eşitsizliğinin azaltılmasında önemli bir araçtır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurumlar, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Gini, Panel Veri, OECD

Institutional Quality and Income Inequality Relationship for OECD Countries

Öz

Income inequality has shown as one of the most important economic problem now. Behind individual specific, economic, social, political factors, also institutional factors effect income inequality. Lower income inequality has expected with higher institutional quality. This study investigates the relationship between institutional quality and income inequality in 23 OECD countries, using fixed and random panel estimation approach and annual data over the period of 1984-2011. Evidence from a panel data estimation shows that a negative relationship between institutional quality and income inequality exist. According to this result, institutional quality is an essential tool for reducing income inequality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Institutional Quality, Income Inequality, Gini, Panel Data, OECD

Kaynakça

• Abdullah, A. & H. Doucouliagos & E. Manning (2015), “Does Education Reduce IncomeInequality? A Meta-Regression Analysis”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(2), 301-316.
• Acemoglu, D. & S. Johnson & J.A. Robinson (2005), “Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of LongRun Growth”, Handbook of Economic Growth, in P. Aghion & S.N. Durlauf (ed.) Volume IA, Elsevier, 385-472.
• Acemoglu, D. (2009), Introduction to Modern Economic Growth, Princeton University Press: New Jersey.
• Acemoğlu, D. (2003), “Cross-Country Inequality Trends”, The Economic Journal, 113(February), F121-F149.
• Alderson, A.S. & N. François (2002), “Globalization and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality Trends in 16 OECD Countries”, American Journal of Sociology, 107(5), 1244-1299.
• Baltagi, B.H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd: England.
• Barro, R.J. (2000), “Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries”, Journal of Economic Growth, 5(March), 5-32.
• Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Modelspecification Tests in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
• Carter, J.R. (2006), “An Empirical Note on Economic Freedom and Income Inequality”, Public Choice, 130, 163-177.
• Chong, A. & C. Calderon (2000), “Institutional Quality and Income Distribution”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 761-786.
• Chong, A. & M. Gradstein (2004), “Inequality and Institutions”, Inter-American Development Bank, Working Paper, No: 506, <http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP- 506.pdf>, 25.02.2016.
• Cingano, F. (2014), “Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 163, OECD Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jxrjncwxv6j-en.
• Dincer, O.C. & B. Gunalp (2008), “Corruption, income inequality and poverty in the United States”, Nota di lavoro // Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei: Global Challlenges, No. 54.2008, <http://hdl.handle.net/10419/53357>, 25.02.2016.
• Dökmen, G. (2012), “Yolsuzlukların Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(1), 41-51.
• Gregorio, J.D. & L. Jong-Wha (2002), “Education and Income Inequality: New Evidence From Cross-Country Data”, Review of Income and Wealth, 48(3), 395-416.
• Gupta, S. & D. Hamid & T. Rosa-Alonso (2002), “Does Corruption Affect Icome Inequality and Poverty”, Economics of Governance, 3, 23-45.
• Gyimah-Brempong, K. & S.M. Camacho (2008), “Corruption, Growth, and Income Distribution: Are there Regional Differences?”, Economics of Governance, 7, 245-269.
• Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002), “Corruption, economic growth and income inequality in Africa”, Economics of Governance, 3, 183-209.
• Hindriks, J. & M. Keen & A. Muthoo (1999), “Corruption, Extortion and Evasion”, Journal of Public Economics, 74, 395-430.
• Johansson, C. (2013), “Corruption and Income Inequality”, Bachelor’s Thesis in Economics, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University.
• Kama, Ö. (2016), “Kurumlar, Kurallar ve Büyüme İlişkisi Üzerine,” İktisat ve Toplum, 64, 20-27.
• Knack, S. & P. Keefer (1995), “Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures”, Economics and Politics, 7(3), 207-227.
• Kuznets, S. (1955), “Economic Growth and Income Inequality”, The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
• Li, H. & L.C. Xu & H. Zou (2000), “Corruption, Income Distribution and Growth”, Economics and Politics, 12(2), 155-182.
• Lin, F. & D. Fu (2016), “Trade, Institution Quality and Income Inequality”, World Development, 77, 129-142. North, D.C. (1994), “Economic Performance Trough Time,” The American Economic Review, 84(3), 359-368.
• North, D.C. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press: USA.
• OECD (2008), Growing Unequal? Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries, OECD Publishing, <http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/growingunequalincomedistributionandpovertyinoecdcountr ies.htm>, 25.02.2016.
• OECD (2011), “An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings, Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising”, OECD Forum on Tackling Inequality, Paris.
• Olson, M. (1996), “Distinguished Lecture on Ekonomics in Government: Big Bills Left on The Sidewalk: Why Some Nations are Rich, and Others Poor”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(2), 3-24.
• Perera, L.D.H. & G.H.Y. Lee (2013), “Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty And Inequality Reduction in Asia?”, Journal of Asian Economics, 27(August), 71–86.
• Piketty, T. & E. Saez (2014), “Inequality in the Long Run”, The Since of Inequality, 344(6186), 838- 843.
• Rodrik, D. (1997), “TFPG Controversies, Institutions and Economic Performance in East Asia,” NBER Working Paper, 5914, <http://www.nber.org/papers/w5914>, 25.02.2016.
• Sala-i-Martin, X. (1997), “I Just Ran Four Million Regressions,” NBER Working Papers, 6252, <http://www.nber.org/papers/w6252>, 25.02.2016.
• Shleifer, A. & R.W. Vishny (1993), “Corruption”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 599- 617.
• Solt, F. (2009), “Standardizing the World Income Inequality Database”, Social Science Quarterly, 90(2), 231-242.
• Stiglitz, J. (2015), “Income Inequality and Economic Growth”, <http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/jstiglitz/sites/jstiglitz/files/Inequality%20and%2 0Economic%20Growth.pdf>, 25.02.2016.
• Sylwester, K. (2000), “Income Inequality, Education Expenditures and Growth”, Journal of Development Economics, 63, 379-398.
• Tanzi, V. (1998), “Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures,” IMF Working Paper Series, 63, <http://www.imf. org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9863.pdf>, 25.02.2016.
• Teyyare, E. (2013), “Kriz, Kurumsal Kalite ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Zonguldak.
• Uğur, M. (2011), “Kurumsal Kalite ve Ekonomik Performans: İktisadın (Yeniden) Siyasallaşması mı?”, İktisat ve Toplum, 1(9), 36-41.
• World Bank (2000), Making Transition Work for Everyone: Poverty and Inequality in Europe and Central Asia, The World Bank: USA.
• Zhuang, J. & E. Dios & A. Lagman-Martin (2010), “Governance and Institutional Quality and the Links with Economic Growth and Income Inequality: With Special Reference to Developing Asia”, Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, 193.