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Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 40, 131 - 150, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08

Öz

Konjonktür dalgalanmalarının kaynakları, nedenleri ve belirleyicileri konusunda iktisat okullarının farklı yaklaşımları söz konusudur. Bu yaklaşımlar Klasik ve Keynesyen akım çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. 2008 yılında yaşanan Küresel Finans Krizi konjonktür dalgalanmaları ile ilgili literatürün yeniden canlanmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, OECD ekonomilerinde, 1990 2013 dönemi için, ekonomideki faaliyetlerin büyük bir bölümünü gerçekleştiren özel sektörün tasarruf ve kâr oranlarının ekonomide bir canlanmaya mı yoksa resesyona mı yol açtığı panel veri yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Bulgular; kâr ve bir yıl gecikmesi alınmış tasarruf oranlarının konjonktür dalgalanmaları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bir başka ifadeyle, tasarruf ve kâr oranlarındaki artış trend düzeyinden yukarı doğru sapmalara neden olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan analizlerde kullanılan; ticari ve finansal açıklık, toplam faktör verimliliği, ileri teknoloji ihracatı, yurt içi kredi hacmi, M2 para arzı, reel döviz kuru ve hükümet harcamaları değişkenlerindeki artışlar trend düzeyinden yukarı (canlanma eğilimi), faiz, enflasyon ve işsizlik oranları ise trend düzeyinden aşağıya doğru (resesyon eğilimi) sapmalara yol açmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abildgren, K. (2012). Business Cycles, Monetary Transmission and Shocks to Financial Stability: Empirical Evidence From a New Set of Danish Quarterly National Accounts: 1948-2010. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, No:1458, 1-79.
  • Adema, Y., ve Pozzi, L. (2012). Business Cycle Fluctuations and Private Savings in OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/87404/1/12-144.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.07.2015).
  • Adema, Y., ve Pozzi, L. (2015). Business Cycle Fluctuations and Household Saving in OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. European Economic Review, 79, 214-233.
  • Aghion, P., Comin, D., ve Howitt, P. (2006). When Does Domestic Saving Matter for Economic Growth?. New York: NBER.
  • Bakır, E. (2015). Capital Accumulation, Profitability, and Crisis Neoliberalism in the United States. Review of Radical Political Economics, 47(3), 389-411.
  • Banerjee, R., Kearns, J., ve Lombardi, M. (2015). (Why) is Investment Weak? BIS Quarterly Revie, March, 67-82.
  • Bhaduri, A., ve Marglin, S. (1990). Unemployment and The Real Wage: The Economic Basis for Contesting Political Ideologies. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14(4), 375-393.
  • Bilbiie, F., Ghironi, F., ve Melitz, M. J. (2005). Business Cycles and Firm Dynamics. http://repec.org/sed2005/up.677.1107213716.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2015).
  • Bjørnskov, C. (2011). Austrian Business Cycle Theory Evidence from Scandinavia. http://csinvesting.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Evidence-from-Scandinavia-for-ABCT.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 17.10.2015).
  • Bocutoğlu, E., ve Ekinci, A. (2010). Küresel Krize Farklı Bir Teorik Çerçeve: Avusturyacı Konjonktür Teorisi. Bankacılar Dergisi. (73), 20-34.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2012). Krizin Makro İktisadindan Makro İktİsadin Krizine: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. http://www.tek.org.tr/dosyalar/bunalim9.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2015).
  • Bogliacino, F., ve Pianta, M. (2012). Profits, R&D, and Innovation-A Model and a Test. Seville: IRI-IPTS.
  • Böwer, U., ve Guillemineau, C. (2006). Determinants of Business Cycle Synchronisation Across Euro Area Countries. http://edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-ki/ezb/06/w-paper/ecbwp587.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2014).
  • Burns, A. F., ve Mitchell, W. (1946). Measuring Business Cycles. New York: NBER.
  • Caldentey, E. P., Titelman, D., ve Carvallo, P. (2013). Weak Expansions: A Distinctive Feature of The Business Cycle In Latin America And The Caribbean. Working Papers Series, No: 749. New York: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.
  • Carvalho, L., ve Rugitsky, F. (2015). Growth and Distribution in Brazil in the 21st Century: Revisiting the Wage-Led Versus Profit-Led Debate. São Paulo: University of São Paulo.
  • Challe, E., ve Ragot, X. (2016). Precautionary Saving Over The Business Cycle. The Economic Journal. 126(590), 135-164.
  • Christodoulopoulou, S. (2007). The Determinants of Business Cycle Correlations: A Comparison Between OECD and non-OECD economies. https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/media/263193/christodoulopoulou-paper.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2015).
  • Coad, A. (2007). Testing the Principle of ‘Growth of the Fitter’: The Relationship Between Profits And Firm Growth. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 18(3), 370-386.
  • Cotis, J.-P., ve Coppel, J. (2005). Business Cycle Dynamics in OECD Countries: Evidence, Causes and Policy Implications. The Changing Nature of the Business Cycle, 11–12 July 2005, Reserve Bank of Australia: Sidney.
  • Crotty, J. (1986). Marx, Keynes, and Minsky on the Instability of The Capitalist Growth Process And The Nature of Government Economic Policy. S. W.
  • Helburn ve D. F. Bramhall (Eds) Marx, Keynes, Schumpeter. A Centennial Celebration of Dissent içinde (ss. 297-326). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • da Silva, G. F. (2002). The Impact of Financial System Development on Business Cycles Volatility: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Macroeconomics, 24(2), 233-253.
  • Drazen, A. (2001). The Political Business Cycle After 25 Years. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 15, 75-138.
  • Felipe, J., ve Kumar, U. (2010). Technical Change in India’s Organized Manufacturing Sector. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/56953/1/637220897.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2015).
  • Felmingham, B., ve Cooray, A. (2008). The Cyclical and Trend Behavour of Australian Investment and Savings. Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis, 2007(3), 367-386.
  • Galí, J. (2002). New Perspectives On Monetary Policy, Inflation, And The Business Cycle. New York: NBER.
  • Ganioğlu, A., ve Yalçın, C. (2013). Domestic Savings Investment Gap and Growth: A Cross-Country Panel Study, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası, Working Paper. No:13/46.
  • Goodwin, R. M. (1967). A Growth Cycle. C. H. Feinstein (Ed.), Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth içinde (ss. 54-58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Goodwin, R. M. (1972). A Growth Cycle. J. G. Schwartz ve E. K. Hunt (Eds.), A Critique of Economic Theory: Selected Readings içinde (ss.442-449). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Inklaar, R., Jong-A-Pin, R., ve De Haan, J. (2008). Trade and Business Cycle Synchronization in OECD Countries-A Re-examination. European Economic Review, 52(4), 646-666.
  • Knoop, T. A. (2009). Resessions and Depressions: Understanding Business Cycles. California: Praeger.
  • Korkmaz, S. (2015). Impact of Bank Credits on Economic Growth and Inflation. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 51.
  • Kose, M. A., Prasad, E. S., ve Terrones, M. E. (2003). Financial Integration and Macroeconomic Volatility. IMF Staff papers, 119-142.
  • Lane, P., ve Tornell, A. (1998). Why Aren't Savings Rates in Latin America Procyclical? Journal of Development economics, 57(1), 185-199.
  • Lawrence, D., Diewert, E., ve Fox, K. (2006). The Contributions of Productivity, Price Changes And Firm Size To Profitability. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 26(1), 1-13.
  • Lima, M. A., ve Resende, M. (2004). Profit Margins And Business Cycles in The Brazilian Industry: A Panel Data Study. Applied Economics, 36(9), 923-930.
  • Machin, S., ve Van Reenen, J. (1993). Profit Margins And The Business Cycle: Evidence From UK Manufacturing Firms. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 41(1), 29-50.
  • Merinen, J. (2015). Austrian Business Cycle Theory: Examination of Theory And Evidence. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Espoo: Department of Economics Aalto University.
  • Mugova, T. T. (2009). Interdependence and Business Cycle Transmission Between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany. Grahamstown: Rhodes University.
  • Nguyen, T. (2007). Determinants of Business Cycle Synchronization in East Asia: An Extreme Bound Analysis.http://www.depocenwp.org/upload/pubs/NguyenNgocToan/Determinants_of_Business_Cycle_Synchronization_in_East_Asia-rv2_DEPOCENWP.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2014).
  • Palley, T. (2014). Rethinking Wage vs. Profit-Led Growth Theory With Implications For Policy Analysis. http://www.thomaspalley.com/docs/articles/macro_policy/rethinking_wage-led_growth.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2015).
  • Pianta, M., ve Tancioni, M. (2008). Innovations, Wages, and Profits. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 31(1), 101-123.
  • Przybyla, M., ve Roma, M. (2005). Does Product Market Competition Reduce Inflation? Evidence From EU Countries and Sectors. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, No: 453.
  • Schwab, D., ve Werker, E. (2014). Profits and Economic Development. Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper No. 14-087.
  • Stock, J., ve Watson, M. (1999). Business Cycle Fluctuations in US Macroeconomic Time Series. In J. Taylor ve M. Woodford (Eds.), Handbook of Macroeconomics içinde (ss. 3-64). Elsevier.
  • Tapia, J. (2015). Profits Encourage Investment, Investment Dampens Profits, Government Spending Does Not Prime The Pump-A Dag Investigation of Business-Cycle Dynamics. Germany: University Library of Munich.
  • Tarassow, A. (2010). The Empirical Relevance of Goodwin’s Cycle Model for the US Economy. Profıt Raten Analyse Gruppe, Discussion Paper No:05.
  • Tempelman, J. H. (2010). Austrian Business Cycle Theory and The Global Financial Crisis: Confessions of a Mainstream Economist. The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 13(1), 3-15.
  • Taymaz, E., Voyvoda, E., ve Yılmaz, K. (2008). Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Yapısal Dönüşüm, Üretkenlik ve Teknolojik Değişme Dinamikleri. ERC Working Papers in Economics 08/04.
  • Toporowski, J. (1999). Kalecki and the Declining Rate of Profit. Review of Political Economy, 11(3), 355-371.
  • Valle e Azevedo, J., Koopman, S. J., ve Rua, A. (2006). Tracking the Business Cycle of The Euro Area: A Multivariate Model-Based Bandpass Filter. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 24(3), 278-290.
  • Zhu, F. (2011). Credit and Business Cycles: Some Stylized Facts. Bank For International Settlements, 1-30.

The Relationship Between Saving, Profit Rates and Business Cycles

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 40, 131 - 150, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08

Öz

There are different approaches of economics schools on the sources, causes and determinants of business cycles. These approaches have been shaped in the Classical and Keynesian currents. The Global Financial Crisis that lived in 2008 laid the groundwork for the revival of the literature on business cycles. By using the panel data methods for the period between 1990 and 2013 in OECD economies, this study has investigated the effects of private sector profit and savings rates playing an important role in creating the cyclical fluctuations. The findings show that profit and the lagged saving rates have positive effect on the cyclical fluctuations. In other words, an increase in profit and savi ngs rates causes the upward deviations from the trend level. On the other hand, the increases in the variables used in the analysis, like commercial and financial openness, total factor productivity, high-tech exports, domestic credit volume, M2 money supply, real exchange rate and government spendings, give rise to upward deviations tendency to boom) from the trend level while interest, inflation and unemployment rates have a reverse situation (tendency to recession).

Kaynakça

  • Abildgren, K. (2012). Business Cycles, Monetary Transmission and Shocks to Financial Stability: Empirical Evidence From a New Set of Danish Quarterly National Accounts: 1948-2010. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, No:1458, 1-79.
  • Adema, Y., ve Pozzi, L. (2012). Business Cycle Fluctuations and Private Savings in OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/87404/1/12-144.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.07.2015).
  • Adema, Y., ve Pozzi, L. (2015). Business Cycle Fluctuations and Household Saving in OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. European Economic Review, 79, 214-233.
  • Aghion, P., Comin, D., ve Howitt, P. (2006). When Does Domestic Saving Matter for Economic Growth?. New York: NBER.
  • Bakır, E. (2015). Capital Accumulation, Profitability, and Crisis Neoliberalism in the United States. Review of Radical Political Economics, 47(3), 389-411.
  • Banerjee, R., Kearns, J., ve Lombardi, M. (2015). (Why) is Investment Weak? BIS Quarterly Revie, March, 67-82.
  • Bhaduri, A., ve Marglin, S. (1990). Unemployment and The Real Wage: The Economic Basis for Contesting Political Ideologies. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14(4), 375-393.
  • Bilbiie, F., Ghironi, F., ve Melitz, M. J. (2005). Business Cycles and Firm Dynamics. http://repec.org/sed2005/up.677.1107213716.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2015).
  • Bjørnskov, C. (2011). Austrian Business Cycle Theory Evidence from Scandinavia. http://csinvesting.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Evidence-from-Scandinavia-for-ABCT.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 17.10.2015).
  • Bocutoğlu, E., ve Ekinci, A. (2010). Küresel Krize Farklı Bir Teorik Çerçeve: Avusturyacı Konjonktür Teorisi. Bankacılar Dergisi. (73), 20-34.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2012). Krizin Makro İktisadindan Makro İktİsadin Krizine: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. http://www.tek.org.tr/dosyalar/bunalim9.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2015).
  • Bogliacino, F., ve Pianta, M. (2012). Profits, R&D, and Innovation-A Model and a Test. Seville: IRI-IPTS.
  • Böwer, U., ve Guillemineau, C. (2006). Determinants of Business Cycle Synchronisation Across Euro Area Countries. http://edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-ki/ezb/06/w-paper/ecbwp587.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2014).
  • Burns, A. F., ve Mitchell, W. (1946). Measuring Business Cycles. New York: NBER.
  • Caldentey, E. P., Titelman, D., ve Carvallo, P. (2013). Weak Expansions: A Distinctive Feature of The Business Cycle In Latin America And The Caribbean. Working Papers Series, No: 749. New York: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.
  • Carvalho, L., ve Rugitsky, F. (2015). Growth and Distribution in Brazil in the 21st Century: Revisiting the Wage-Led Versus Profit-Led Debate. São Paulo: University of São Paulo.
  • Challe, E., ve Ragot, X. (2016). Precautionary Saving Over The Business Cycle. The Economic Journal. 126(590), 135-164.
  • Christodoulopoulou, S. (2007). The Determinants of Business Cycle Correlations: A Comparison Between OECD and non-OECD economies. https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/media/263193/christodoulopoulou-paper.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2015).
  • Coad, A. (2007). Testing the Principle of ‘Growth of the Fitter’: The Relationship Between Profits And Firm Growth. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 18(3), 370-386.
  • Cotis, J.-P., ve Coppel, J. (2005). Business Cycle Dynamics in OECD Countries: Evidence, Causes and Policy Implications. The Changing Nature of the Business Cycle, 11–12 July 2005, Reserve Bank of Australia: Sidney.
  • Crotty, J. (1986). Marx, Keynes, and Minsky on the Instability of The Capitalist Growth Process And The Nature of Government Economic Policy. S. W.
  • Helburn ve D. F. Bramhall (Eds) Marx, Keynes, Schumpeter. A Centennial Celebration of Dissent içinde (ss. 297-326). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • da Silva, G. F. (2002). The Impact of Financial System Development on Business Cycles Volatility: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Macroeconomics, 24(2), 233-253.
  • Drazen, A. (2001). The Political Business Cycle After 25 Years. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 15, 75-138.
  • Felipe, J., ve Kumar, U. (2010). Technical Change in India’s Organized Manufacturing Sector. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/56953/1/637220897.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2015).
  • Felmingham, B., ve Cooray, A. (2008). The Cyclical and Trend Behavour of Australian Investment and Savings. Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis, 2007(3), 367-386.
  • Galí, J. (2002). New Perspectives On Monetary Policy, Inflation, And The Business Cycle. New York: NBER.
  • Ganioğlu, A., ve Yalçın, C. (2013). Domestic Savings Investment Gap and Growth: A Cross-Country Panel Study, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası, Working Paper. No:13/46.
  • Goodwin, R. M. (1967). A Growth Cycle. C. H. Feinstein (Ed.), Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth içinde (ss. 54-58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Goodwin, R. M. (1972). A Growth Cycle. J. G. Schwartz ve E. K. Hunt (Eds.), A Critique of Economic Theory: Selected Readings içinde (ss.442-449). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Inklaar, R., Jong-A-Pin, R., ve De Haan, J. (2008). Trade and Business Cycle Synchronization in OECD Countries-A Re-examination. European Economic Review, 52(4), 646-666.
  • Knoop, T. A. (2009). Resessions and Depressions: Understanding Business Cycles. California: Praeger.
  • Korkmaz, S. (2015). Impact of Bank Credits on Economic Growth and Inflation. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 51.
  • Kose, M. A., Prasad, E. S., ve Terrones, M. E. (2003). Financial Integration and Macroeconomic Volatility. IMF Staff papers, 119-142.
  • Lane, P., ve Tornell, A. (1998). Why Aren't Savings Rates in Latin America Procyclical? Journal of Development economics, 57(1), 185-199.
  • Lawrence, D., Diewert, E., ve Fox, K. (2006). The Contributions of Productivity, Price Changes And Firm Size To Profitability. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 26(1), 1-13.
  • Lima, M. A., ve Resende, M. (2004). Profit Margins And Business Cycles in The Brazilian Industry: A Panel Data Study. Applied Economics, 36(9), 923-930.
  • Machin, S., ve Van Reenen, J. (1993). Profit Margins And The Business Cycle: Evidence From UK Manufacturing Firms. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 41(1), 29-50.
  • Merinen, J. (2015). Austrian Business Cycle Theory: Examination of Theory And Evidence. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Espoo: Department of Economics Aalto University.
  • Mugova, T. T. (2009). Interdependence and Business Cycle Transmission Between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany. Grahamstown: Rhodes University.
  • Nguyen, T. (2007). Determinants of Business Cycle Synchronization in East Asia: An Extreme Bound Analysis.http://www.depocenwp.org/upload/pubs/NguyenNgocToan/Determinants_of_Business_Cycle_Synchronization_in_East_Asia-rv2_DEPOCENWP.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2014).
  • Palley, T. (2014). Rethinking Wage vs. Profit-Led Growth Theory With Implications For Policy Analysis. http://www.thomaspalley.com/docs/articles/macro_policy/rethinking_wage-led_growth.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2015).
  • Pianta, M., ve Tancioni, M. (2008). Innovations, Wages, and Profits. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 31(1), 101-123.
  • Przybyla, M., ve Roma, M. (2005). Does Product Market Competition Reduce Inflation? Evidence From EU Countries and Sectors. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, No: 453.
  • Schwab, D., ve Werker, E. (2014). Profits and Economic Development. Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper No. 14-087.
  • Stock, J., ve Watson, M. (1999). Business Cycle Fluctuations in US Macroeconomic Time Series. In J. Taylor ve M. Woodford (Eds.), Handbook of Macroeconomics içinde (ss. 3-64). Elsevier.
  • Tapia, J. (2015). Profits Encourage Investment, Investment Dampens Profits, Government Spending Does Not Prime The Pump-A Dag Investigation of Business-Cycle Dynamics. Germany: University Library of Munich.
  • Tarassow, A. (2010). The Empirical Relevance of Goodwin’s Cycle Model for the US Economy. Profıt Raten Analyse Gruppe, Discussion Paper No:05.
  • Tempelman, J. H. (2010). Austrian Business Cycle Theory and The Global Financial Crisis: Confessions of a Mainstream Economist. The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 13(1), 3-15.
  • Taymaz, E., Voyvoda, E., ve Yılmaz, K. (2008). Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Yapısal Dönüşüm, Üretkenlik ve Teknolojik Değişme Dinamikleri. ERC Working Papers in Economics 08/04.
  • Toporowski, J. (1999). Kalecki and the Declining Rate of Profit. Review of Political Economy, 11(3), 355-371.
  • Valle e Azevedo, J., Koopman, S. J., ve Rua, A. (2006). Tracking the Business Cycle of The Euro Area: A Multivariate Model-Based Bandpass Filter. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 24(3), 278-290.
  • Zhu, F. (2011). Credit and Business Cycles: Some Stylized Facts. Bank For International Settlements, 1-30.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Efe Can Kılınç 0000-0002-3139-0684

Cafer Necat Berberoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 40

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılınç, E. C., & Berberoğlu, C. N. (2019). Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki. Sosyoekonomi, 27(40), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08
AMA Kılınç EC, Berberoğlu CN. Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2019;27(40):131-150. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08
Chicago Kılınç, Efe Can, ve Cafer Necat Berberoğlu. “Tasarruf Ve Kâr Oranları Ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki”. Sosyoekonomi 27, sy. 40 (Nisan 2019): 131-50. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08.
EndNote Kılınç EC, Berberoğlu CN (01 Nisan 2019) Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki. Sosyoekonomi 27 40 131–150.
IEEE E. C. Kılınç ve C. N. Berberoğlu, “Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 27, sy. 40, ss. 131–150, 2019, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08.
ISNAD Kılınç, Efe Can - Berberoğlu, Cafer Necat. “Tasarruf Ve Kâr Oranları Ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki”. Sosyoekonomi 27/40 (Nisan 2019), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08.
JAMA Kılınç EC, Berberoğlu CN. Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki. Sosyoekonomi. 2019;27:131–150.
MLA Kılınç, Efe Can ve Cafer Necat Berberoğlu. “Tasarruf Ve Kâr Oranları Ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 27, sy. 40, 2019, ss. 131-50, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.02.08.
Vancouver Kılınç EC, Berberoğlu CN. Tasarruf ve Kâr Oranları ile Konjonktür Dalgalanmaları Arasındaki İlişki. Sosyoekonomi. 2019;27(40):131-50.