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BAŞKENT İSTANBUL’DA (DERSAADET) İŞLEYEN TİCARET GEMİLERİNE YÖNELİK 1878 LİMAN NİZAMNAMESİ

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 39, 25 - 43, 10.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.186997

Öz

İstanbul’un fethi ile Osmanlı Devleti’nin başkenti İstanbul’a taşındı ve Asya ile Avrupa’nın iki
yakasını birbirinden ayıran suyolu da Türk Boğazları oldu. Karadeniz’in kuzey sahillerine ulaştıktan
sonra Boğazlar Çarlık Rusya’sı için bir güvenlik ve ticaret sorunu haline geldi. Lakin 19. yüzyılın
son çeyreğine kadar Rusya’nın İstanbul ve Boğazlara yönelik tutkusu gerçekleşemedi fakat sona da ermedi. 1877-78 Savaşı Osmanlı Devleti için yıkıcı sonuçları da beraberinde getirirken, Rusya’ya
Boğazları kontrol edebilme fırsatını sağladı. Dönemin denge politikası Rusya’nın Boğazlar’da askeri
kontrol kurmasını engellemişti fakat 1878 yılından sonra Rus menşeli ticaret gemilerinin Boğazlar’da
elde etmiş olduğu seyrüsefer serbestisi tartışılamaz bir realiteydi. Osmanlı Hükümeti Rusya etkisini
mümkün olduğu kadar azaltmak ve yeni duruma uyum sağlamak amacıyla Boğazlar’da işleyen
ticaret gemileri için yeni bir Nizamname yayınlamak zorunda kaldı. Yeni Nizamname yabancı ticaret
gemileri için, yasalara aykırı bir şekilde limanları terk etmeleri halinde Osmanlı makamları
tarafından kendilerine dokunulamaması dahil bazı hak ve kurallar getirmekteydi.

Kaynakça

  • AKMAN, Mehmet, “Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Osmanlı Hukuk Mevzuatı I [From Tanzimat to Republic Ottoman Law Legislation], I. Tertip Düstur’un Tarihi Fihrist ve Dizini”, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, No. 3, (Spring 2003). pp. 67-224.
  • BILSEL, Cemil, “The Turkish Straits in the Lİght of Recent Turkish-Soviet Russian Correspondence”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Oct., 1947), p. 727-747.
  • _______, Lozan [Lausanne], Vol. II, Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
  • BOBROFF, Ronald, “Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912- 13”, The Russian Review, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 76-95.
  • CARR, Edward H. The Twenty Years Crisis, Palgrave, New York, 2001.
  • CEVDET Paşa, Tezakir [Official Biographies], 40 Tetimme, publ. Cavid Baysun, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1967.
  • CROWE, F. Standefer, The Soviet Union and The Turkish Straits, 1933-1945, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Florida State University, 1973.
  • Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1294 [1878], Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1878.
  • Düstur [Ottoman Code Book], Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______, Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1871, Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______,Memaliki Şahane Limanında Sefayin-i Ticariyeye Virilecek Tezkirelere Dair Nizamname, H. 2 Cemadiyelevvel 1288 [20 July 1871], Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______,Vol. 4, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1292 [1875].
  • ERIM, Nihat, Devletlerarası Hukuku ve Siyasi Tarih Metinleri, Vol. I, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1953.
  • FINDLEY, Carter Vough, “An Ottoman Occidentalist in Europe: Ahmed Midhat Meets Madame Gülnar, 1889”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 103, No. 1, (Feb., 1998), pp. 15-49.
  • HILLER, Tim, Sourcebook on Public International Law, Vol. II, Cavendish Publishing Ltd., London, 1998.
  • HUREWITZ, J. C., “Russia and the Turkish Straits: A Revolution of the Origins of the Problem”, World Politics, Vol. 14, No. 4 (July, 1962), p. 605-632.
  • Index to the Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 1978-79, Vol. I, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1879.
  • JELAVICH, Barbara, “Great Britain and the Russian Acquisition of Batum, 1878-1886”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 48, No. 110 (January, 1970), pp. 44-66.
  • KUCHEROV, Samuel, “The Problem of Constantinople and the Straits”, The Russian Review, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1949), pp. 205-220.
  • LANGER, William L., “Russia, the Straits Question and the Origins of the Balkan League, 1908-1912”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 1928), p. 321-363.
  • MACVEAGH, Wayne, “Navigation of the Bosphorus”, New York Times, March 13, 1871.
  • PURYEAR, Vernon J., “New Light on the Origins of the Crimean War”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol.3, No. 2 (Jun., 1931), pp. 219-234.
  • RENZI, William A. “Great Britain, Russia, and the Straits, 1914-1915”, The Journal of Modern History, C. 42, No. 1, March 1970
  • Treaty of San Stefano.
  • US Congress Records, Doc. No. 304, Treaty Between United States and Sublime Porte, Doc. No. 304, February 9, 1832.
  • https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sarayburnu,+34400+Fatih%2F%C4%B0stanbul,+T%C3%BCrkiye/@41.0 16068,28.985438,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x14cab9c5d10d3b69:0xe5a5ed1722916dec [Accessed 30 May 2015].
  • http://193.255.138.2/takvim.asp?takvim=1&gun=5&ay=3&yil=1878 [Accessed 12 December 2015]

PORT DIRECTIVE OF 1878 FOR MERCHANT SHIPS OPERATING IN THE OTTOMAN CAPITAL (DERSAADET) ISTANBUL SEAPORTS

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 39, 25 - 43, 10.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.186997

Öz

After the conquest of Istanbul, Ottoman capital was relocated to this city and the multiconnectional waterways passing between Asia and Europa became the Turkish Straits. When reached to the northern coasts of the Black Sea, the Turkish Straits became a concern of security and commerce for Tsarist Russia. From the last decades of 19th century Russian desires on Istanbul and the Straits could not be fulfilled and until present day the desire to control the straits remains. The war of 1877-78 brought destructive consequences for the Ottomans and paved the way for Russia to have some control on maritime navigation through Straits. The balance of power during this period did not allow Russian military control over the Straits. However, it was an undeniable reality that Russian merchant ships had obtained freedom of navigation within the Straits after the year of 1878. In order to lessen Russian influence as much as possible and get adapted to new condition the Ottoman government was forced to issue a new regulation for the merchant ships operating in the Straits. The new directive brought some rules and rights for foreign vessels, including the one that limited the Ottoman government to impose penalties or retribution towards prohibited activities carried out by the Russian commercial ships..

Kaynakça

  • AKMAN, Mehmet, “Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Osmanlı Hukuk Mevzuatı I [From Tanzimat to Republic Ottoman Law Legislation], I. Tertip Düstur’un Tarihi Fihrist ve Dizini”, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, No. 3, (Spring 2003). pp. 67-224.
  • BILSEL, Cemil, “The Turkish Straits in the Lİght of Recent Turkish-Soviet Russian Correspondence”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Oct., 1947), p. 727-747.
  • _______, Lozan [Lausanne], Vol. II, Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
  • BOBROFF, Ronald, “Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912- 13”, The Russian Review, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 76-95.
  • CARR, Edward H. The Twenty Years Crisis, Palgrave, New York, 2001.
  • CEVDET Paşa, Tezakir [Official Biographies], 40 Tetimme, publ. Cavid Baysun, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1967.
  • CROWE, F. Standefer, The Soviet Union and The Turkish Straits, 1933-1945, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Florida State University, 1973.
  • Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1294 [1878], Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1878.
  • Düstur [Ottoman Code Book], Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______, Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1871, Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______,Memaliki Şahane Limanında Sefayin-i Ticariyeye Virilecek Tezkirelere Dair Nizamname, H. 2 Cemadiyelevvel 1288 [20 July 1871], Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].
  • _______,Vol. 4, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1292 [1875].
  • ERIM, Nihat, Devletlerarası Hukuku ve Siyasi Tarih Metinleri, Vol. I, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1953.
  • FINDLEY, Carter Vough, “An Ottoman Occidentalist in Europe: Ahmed Midhat Meets Madame Gülnar, 1889”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 103, No. 1, (Feb., 1998), pp. 15-49.
  • HILLER, Tim, Sourcebook on Public International Law, Vol. II, Cavendish Publishing Ltd., London, 1998.
  • HUREWITZ, J. C., “Russia and the Turkish Straits: A Revolution of the Origins of the Problem”, World Politics, Vol. 14, No. 4 (July, 1962), p. 605-632.
  • Index to the Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 1978-79, Vol. I, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1879.
  • JELAVICH, Barbara, “Great Britain and the Russian Acquisition of Batum, 1878-1886”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 48, No. 110 (January, 1970), pp. 44-66.
  • KUCHEROV, Samuel, “The Problem of Constantinople and the Straits”, The Russian Review, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1949), pp. 205-220.
  • LANGER, William L., “Russia, the Straits Question and the Origins of the Balkan League, 1908-1912”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 1928), p. 321-363.
  • MACVEAGH, Wayne, “Navigation of the Bosphorus”, New York Times, March 13, 1871.
  • PURYEAR, Vernon J., “New Light on the Origins of the Crimean War”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol.3, No. 2 (Jun., 1931), pp. 219-234.
  • RENZI, William A. “Great Britain, Russia, and the Straits, 1914-1915”, The Journal of Modern History, C. 42, No. 1, March 1970
  • Treaty of San Stefano.
  • US Congress Records, Doc. No. 304, Treaty Between United States and Sublime Porte, Doc. No. 304, February 9, 1832.
  • https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sarayburnu,+34400+Fatih%2F%C4%B0stanbul,+T%C3%BCrkiye/@41.0 16068,28.985438,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x14cab9c5d10d3b69:0xe5a5ed1722916dec [Accessed 30 May 2015].
  • http://193.255.138.2/takvim.asp?takvim=1&gun=5&ay=3&yil=1878 [Accessed 12 December 2015]
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsmail Köse

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Köse, İ. (2016). BAŞKENT İSTANBUL’DA (DERSAADET) İŞLEYEN TİCARET GEMİLERİNE YÖNELİK 1878 LİMAN NİZAMNAMESİ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(39), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.186997

Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.