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Crop Rotations and Soil Tillage Interactions for Biomass Production

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 01.02.2014

Öz

The introduction of energy crops for biofuel production is expected to cause severe soil

degradation as all crop material will be removed from the fields leaving the soil bare and

susceptible to soil erosion. The adoption of crop rotations to keep the soil covered by vegetation all

year round along with the application of reduced tillage or no-tillage methods can offer

considerable soil protection. Basic criterion for an energy crop is the positive energy balance.

Energy budgets for two energy crop rotations (in the first one all the plant material is removed

from the field while in the second one the residues are left on the soil) and five tillage methods

were estimated. Crop rotations were combined with: 1. Conventional Tillage (CT), 2. Reduced

tillage with heavy cultivator (HC), 3. Reduced tillage with rotary cultivator (RC), 4. Strip tillage or

disk harrow (ST/DH) and no-tillage (NT). The energy budget proved to be positive when the whole

plant material of a crop was used as an energy feedstock but turned to negative if part of it was

left on the field and crop yield was not high enough. The first rotation presented higher net energy

gain as the whole plant material was utilized. Energy efficiency was higher in the ST/DH for both

rotations and all the crops. Soybean proved to be most efficient as a second crop in the year than

sunflower. In sweet sorghum net energy was high due to the high biomass production but energy

efficiency was low due to high energy requirements of irrigation. The most efficient crops were the

low-input, non-irrigated winter mixtures of vetch / oats and triticale / peas.

Kaynakça

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  • Rainfed crop energy balance of different farming Crop Rotations and Soil Tillage Interactions for Biomass Production 6
  • systems and crop rotations in a semi-arid environment: Results of a long-term trial. Soil & Till. Res. 114: 18–27 Munkholm, L. J., Heck, R. J., & Deen, B. 2013. Long-term rotation and tillage effects on soil structure and crop yield. Soil and Tillage Research, 127, 85–91.
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  • Papathanasiou, I., C. Cavalaris, C. Karamoutis, and T.A. Gemtos 2002. Design, construction and testing of an instrumented tractor to measure forces on agricultural implements and energy consumption during field work. Proc. of the 1st Conference of Hellenic Association of ICT in Agriculture, Food and Enviroment. 144-53.
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  • Rathke, G.-W., Wienhold, B.J., Wilhelm, W.W., Diepenbrock, W., 2007. Tillage and rotation effect on corn–soybean energy balances in eastern Nebraska. Soil and Tillage Research 97, 60–70.
  • Roger-Estrade, J., Anger, C., Bertrand, M., & Richard, G. 2010. Tillage and soil ecology: Partners for sustainable agriculture. Soil and Tillage Research, 111(1), 33–40.
  • Rόdiger GraB, Florian Heusera, Reinhold Stόlpnagela, Hans- Peter Piephob, Michael Wachendorfa, 2013. Energy crop production in double-cropping systems: Results from an experiment at seven sites. Europ. Journal. Agronomy 51: 120– 129
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  • Tomasoni, C., Borrelli, L., & Pecetti, L. 2003. Influence of fodder crop rotations on the potential weed flora in the irrigated lowlands of Lombardy, Italy. European Journal of Agronomy, 19(3), 439–451.
  • Varvel G.E. and Wilhelm W.W. 2011. No-tillage increases soil profile carbon and nitrogen under long-term rainfed cropping systems. Soil & Tillage Research 114: 28–36
  • Venturi P., Venturi G., 2003. Analysis of energy comparison for crops in European agricultural systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 25: 235-255.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Chris Cavalarıs Bu kişi benim

Chris Karamoutıs Bu kişi benim

Theofanis Gemtos Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cavalarıs, C., Karamoutıs, C., & Gemtos, T. (2014). Crop Rotations and Soil Tillage Interactions for Biomass Production. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-6.

Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, Tarım Makinaları Derneği tarafından yılda 3 sayı olarak yayınlanan hakemli bilimsel bir dergidir.