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Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1, 17 - 40, 01.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.504050

Öz

Doğu Pontidler, Arabistan-Avrasya levhalarının yakınlaşmasından dolayı sıkışmalı fay geçişi (transpressional) içerisinde, 0,5 mm’den fazla bir hızla “push-up” geometrisiyle yükselen aktif bir dağ kuşağıdır. Söz konusu yükselim, Karadeniz’e cephe dağ önlerinde ilk kez bu çalışmada haritalanan ara aşmalı (en échelon) geometrili eğim/verev atımlı normal fay segmentleri tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Yaklaşık 65 km uzunluğunda ve 1 km genişliğinde 9 farklı parçadan oluşan Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fay zonu boyunca yapılan kinematik çalışmalarda eğim açıları 60o-90o ve kayma açıları (rake) 32o-90o arasında değişen ve sahil kesimindeki dağ önlerini denetleyen çok sayıda fay düzlemi ölçülmüştür.  Bu çalışmada varılan sonuçlar, (i) Doğu Pontidler’in kıyı şeridinde gözlenen bu faylanma, başlangıçta σ1’in yatay konumlu olduğu sıkışmalı bir ortamda oluşan bindirme fayı ve ters bileşenli doğrultu atımlı faylar nedeniyle kabuk kalınlığını artırdığını ve bunun sonucunda yatayda olan σ1 düşey konuma geçerek eski zayıflık zonlarının normal faylar şeklinde yeniden çalıştığını, (ii) Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı olarak tanımlanan bu zayıflık zonunun Kuvaterner’de yüzey faylanmasıyla sonuçlanmış depremler ürettiğini ve bu nedenle Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası’nda “Kuvaterner Fayı” sınıfında değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

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Field Evidence for Southeast Black Sea Fault of Quaternary Age and Its Tectonic Implications, Eastern Pontides, Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1, 17 - 40, 01.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.504050

Öz

The Eastern Pontides, which is the under transpressional deformation zone, is an active mountain belt in northern Turkey that has been uplifting at a rate of more than 0.5 mm/year, along with push-up geometry. This uplift is accommodated by the dip/oblique slip normal fault segments of an en-echelon geometry mountain front mapped here for the first time. According to our geological mapping studies, the Southeast Black Sea Fault zone is about 65 km total long and more than 1 km wide and comprises nine fault segments. In the kinematic analysis conducted along the fault zone, fault planes have dip angles between 60o-90o to the north. The measured fault planes have rake angles range from 32o to 90o. Our findings indicate that (i) the faulting observed in the mountain front of the Eastern Pontides, the crustal thickness has increased due to thrust component strike-slip faults formed in a compressive regime where σ1 was horizontal at the initially, as a result of this, σ1 which is the horizontal position went into a vertical position, and lastly the former weakness zones were re-activated as normal faults, (ii) this weakness is defined as an Southeast Black Sea Fault that produces earthquakes have resulted in surface rupture in the Quaternary and therefore this fault should be considered in the class of “Quaternary Fault” in Turkey’s active fault maps.The Eastern Pontides, which is the under transpressional deformation zone, is an active mountain belt in northern Turkey that has been uplifting at a rate of more than 0.5 mm/year, along with push-up geometry. This uplift is accommodated by the dip/oblique slip normal fault segments of an en-echelon geometry mountain front mapped here for the first time. According to our geological mapping studies, the Southeast Black Sea Fault zone is about 65 km total long and more than 1 km wide and comprises nine fault segments. In the kinematic analysis conducted along the fault zone, fault planes have dip angles between 60o-90o to the north. The measured fault planes have rake angles range from 32o to 90o. Our findings indicate that (i) the faulting observed in the mountain front of the Eastern Pontides, the crustal thickness has increased due to thrust component strike-slip faults formed in a compressive regime where σ1 was horizontal at the initially, as a result of this, σ1 which is the horizontal position went into a vertical position, and lastly the former weakness zones were re-activated as normal faults, (ii) this weakness is defined as an Southeast Black Sea Fault that produces earthquakes have resulted in surface rupture in the Quaternary and therefore this fault should be considered in the class of “Quaternary Fault” in Turkey’s active fault maps.

Kaynakça

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  • ISC, 2018. Uluslararası Sismoloji Merkezi, Son depremler, 2018, http://www.isc.ac.uk/
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  • Keskin, S., 2007. Güneydoğu (GD) Karadeniz Sahil Kesiminin (Trabzon Yöresi) Denizel Taraçaları ve Aktif Tektoniği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
  • Keskin, S., Pedoja, K., Bektaş, O., 2011. Coastal uplift along the eastern Black Sea coast: new marine terrace data from Eastern Pontides, Trabzon (Turkey) and a Review. Journal of Coastal Research, 27, 63-73.
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  • Koçyiğit, A., Yılmaz, A., Adamia, S., Kuloshvili, S., 2001. Neotectonics of East Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) and Lesser Caucasus: implication for transition from thrusting to strike-slip faulting. Geodinamica Acta 14: 177-95.
  • Kurushin, R. A., Bayasgalan, A., Ölziybat, M., Enkhtuvshin, B., Molnar, P., Bayarsayhan, C., Hudnut, K. W., Lin, J., 1997. The surface rupture of the 1957 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, earthquake, Geological Society of America, 320, Special Paper.
  • Maden, N., Özturk, S., 2015. Seismic b-values, bouguer gravity and heat flow data beneath Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: Tectonic implications. Surv Geophys. 36, 549-570.
  • Maillot, B., Koyi, H.A., 2006. Thrust dips and thrust refraction in fault-bend faults: analogue experiments and theoretical predictions. Journal Structural Geology, 28, 36-49.
  • Merle, O., Abidi, N., 1995. Approche experimentale du functionnement des rampes emergentes. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 166, 439-450.
  • Mozafari, A. N., Sümer, Ö., Tikhomirov, D., Özkaymak, Ç., Uzel, B., Ivy-Ochs, S., Vockenhuber, C., Sözbilir, H., Akçar, N., 2016. Holocene Time-slip history of normal fault scarps in western Turkey: 36Cl surface exposure dating. AGU Fall Meeting, 12-16 December, San Francisco, USA.
  • Mulugeta, G., Sokoutis, D., 2003. Hanging wall accommodation style in ramp-flat thrust models. In: D.A. Nieuwland (Ed.). New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling (197207), Geological Society of London Special Publication.
  • Nadeau, R., Foxall, W., McEvilly, T. 1995. Clustering and periodic recurrence of microearthquakes on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California. Science, 267, 503-507.
  • Nefeslioğlu, H. A., Duman, T.Y., Durmaz, S., 2008. Landslide susceptibility mapping for a part of tectonic Kelkit Valley (Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey). Geomorphology, 94 (3-4), 401-418.
  • Nikishin, A. M., Okay, A., Tüysüz, O., Demirer, A., Wannier, M., Amelin, N., Petrov, E. (2015). The Black Sea basins structure and history: New model based on new deep penetration regional seismic data. Part 2: Tectonic history and paleogeography. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 59, 656-670.
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  • Özkaymak, C., Sözbilir, H., Uzel, B., H. Akyüz, S., 2011. Geological and Palaeoseismological Evidence for Late Pleistocene−Holocene Activity on the Manisa Fault Zone, Western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 449-474.
  • Özsayar, T., Pelin, S., Gedikoğlu, A., 1981. Doğu Pontidler`de Kretase. K.Ü. Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 1, 65-114.
  • Persson, K., 2001. Effective indenters and the development of double-vergent orogens; insights from analogue sand models. In: H.A. Koyi, N.S. Mancktelow, (Eds.). Tectonic Modelling; a Volume in Honor of Hans Ramberg (191-206), Geological Society of America Memoir.
  • Persson, K.S., Sokoutis, D., 2002. Analogue models of orogenic wedges controlled by erosion. Tectonophysics, 356, 323-336.
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  • Rau, R.‐J., Chen, K. H., Ching, K.‐E., 2007. Repeating earthquakes and seismic potential along the northern Longitudinal Valley fault of Eastern Taiwan. Geophysical Research Letter, 34, L24301.
  • Ring, U., Reischmann, T., 2002. The weak and superfast Cretan detachment, Greece: exhumation at subduction rates in extruding wedges. Journal of the Geological Society, 159, 225-228.
  • Robinson, A. G., Banks, C. J., Rutherford, M. M., Hirst, J. P. P., 1995. Stratigraphic and structural development of the Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, 152, 861-872.
  • Rosas, F.M., Duarte, J.C., Almeida, P., Schellart, W.P., Riel, N., Terrinha, P., 2017. Analogue modelling of thrust systems: Passive vs. active hanging wall strain accommodation and sharp vs. smooth fault ramp geometries. Journal of Structural Geology, 99, 45-69.
  • Scholz, C. H., 1990. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, Ref. QE534.2.S37.3
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  • Softa, M., Spencer, J.Q.G., Emre, T., Sözbilir, H., Turan, M., 2016. “Timing of Quaternary Marine Terrace Formation and Uplift Rates in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey”, Abstracts of American Geopyhsical Union, San Fransisco. (2016AGUFMEP11A0989S)
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  • Softa, M., Emre, T., Sözbilir, H., Spencer, J. Q. G., Turan, M., 2018. Geomorphic evidence for active tectonic deformation in the coastal part of Eastern Black Sea, Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Geodinamica Acta, 30:1, 249-264.
  • Softa, M., 2018. Tektonik Jeomorfoloji ve Denizel Taraçaların Yaş Verileri Işığında Doğu Karadeniz Havzası Güney Kenarının Aktif Tektoniği. Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir. Solmaz, F., 1990. Vakfıkebir-Yomra Arası Kıyı Şeridinin Morfolojisi ve Taraçalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
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  • Yıldırım, C., Schildgen, T.F., Echtler, H., Melnick, D., Strecker M.R., 2011. Late Neogene and active orogenic uplift in the Central Pontides associated with the North Anatolian Fault: implications for the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey. Tectonics, 30 (5), TC5005, doi:10.1029/2010TC002756.
  • Yıldırım, C., Melnick, D., Ballato, P., Schildgen, T. F., Echtler, H., Erginal, A. E., Kıyak, N. G., Strecker, M. R., 2013. Diferential uplift along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau: inferences from marine terraces. Quaternary Science Reviews, 81, 12-28.
  • Yılmaz, B.S., Güç, A.R., Gülibrahimoğlu, İ., Yazıcı, E.N., Konak, O., Yaprak, S., Köse, Z., 1998. Trabzon İlinin Çevre Jeolojisi ve Doğal Kaynakları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. Rapor No: 9997.
  • Yılmaz, C., Şen, C., Şener, S., Kandemir, R., Karslı, O., Bak, T. K., 2005. Trabzon Kıyı Bölgesinin Pliyo-Kuvaterner Stratigrafisi. Türkiye Kuvaterner Sempozyumu, 5, 111-117.
  • Yılmaz, Y., 2017. Morphotectonic Development of Anatolia and the Surrounding Regions, In: I. Çemen, Y. Yılmaz, (Ed.). Active Global Seismology: Neotectonics and Earthquake Potential of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (11-91). American Geophysical Union.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler - Articles
Yazarlar

Mustafa Softa Bu kişi benim

Tahir Emre Bu kişi benim

Hasan Sözbilir Bu kişi benim

Joel Q.g. Spencer Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Turan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 24 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Softa, M., Emre, T., Sözbilir, H., Spencer, J. Q., vd. (2019). Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 62(1), 17-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.504050
AMA Softa M, Emre T, Sözbilir H, Spencer JQ, Turan M. Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. Ocak 2019;62(1):17-40. doi:10.25288/tjb.504050
Chicago Softa, Mustafa, Tahir Emre, Hasan Sözbilir, Joel Q.g. Spencer, ve Mehmet Turan. “Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri Ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 62, sy. 1 (Ocak 2019): 17-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.504050.
EndNote Softa M, Emre T, Sözbilir H, Spencer JQ, Turan M (01 Ocak 2019) Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 62 1 17–40.
IEEE M. Softa, T. Emre, H. Sözbilir, J. Q. Spencer, ve M. Turan, “Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye”, Türkiye Jeol. Bült., c. 62, sy. 1, ss. 17–40, 2019, doi: 10.25288/tjb.504050.
ISNAD Softa, Mustafa vd. “Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri Ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 62/1 (Ocak 2019), 17-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.504050.
JAMA Softa M, Emre T, Sözbilir H, Spencer JQ, Turan M. Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2019;62:17–40.
MLA Softa, Mustafa vd. “Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri Ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, c. 62, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 17-40, doi:10.25288/tjb.504050.
Vancouver Softa M, Emre T, Sözbilir H, Spencer JQ, Turan M. Kuvaterner Yaşlı Güneydoğu Karadeniz Fayı’nın Arazi Verileri ve Bunun Tektonik Önemi, Doğu Pontidler, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2019;62(1):17-40.

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