Research Article
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 88 - 98, 13.06.2020
Abstract
Valerian (Valeriana dioscoridis Sm.) is a perennial herb of the Caprifoliaceae family. The genus Valeriana L. is represented by 14 species (15 taxa) in Turkey. This plant contains flavone glycosides, iridoids and lignans. Among these components, the medically important active ingredient is valerianic acid. Essential oils from valerian roots and rhizomes are used for the treatment of various diseases, including insomnia, mental illness, anxiety, menstrual cramps and physical stress conditions. In this study, evaluations were made of the root and rhizome of valerian plants grown in a natural environment and in greenhouse condition. The macro and micro nutrient contents of the powdered plant samples, and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity values of the extracts were reported. Except for some macro and micro elements, it was determined that antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of plants cultivated and grown in nature were not different. The major components of both the natural and cultivated forms were determined to be 9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, 9-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]- (17.55% and 22.65%, respectively). The heavy metales such as Fe (415.21±47.8 mg/kg), Cu (50.9±0.2 mg/kg) and Mn (274.6±9.5 mg/kg), were obtained above limit values in grown plants of natural environment conditions.
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Projects of Cumhuriyet University
Project Number
SMYO19
References
- Piccinelli, A.L., Arana, S., Caceres, A., di Villa Bianca Rd., Sorrentino, R., Rastrelli, L., (2004). New lignans from the roots of Valeriana prionophylla with antioxidative and vasorelaxant activities. Journal of Natural Products, 67, 1135-1140.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
- Richardson, I.B.K. (1972). Valeriana L. In.: Davis, P.H. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol: 4, pp. 551-558. Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol: 10, pp.155, Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol: 11, pp. 147, Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Guarrera, P., M., Lucchese, F., Medori, S. (2008). Ethnophytotherapeutical research in the high Molise region (Central-Southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 4, Article number: 7.
- Bulut, Y. (2006). Useful Plants of Manavgat (Antalya) Region. Master Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University. Institute of Science and Technology, Isparta.
- Lopez-Munoz, F., Alamo C., Garcia-Garcia P. (2006). The herbs that have the property of healing: The phytotherapy in Don Quixote. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 429-441.
- Tzakou, O., Couladis, M., Pavlovic, M., Sokovic, M. (2004). Composition and antifungal activity of the oil from aerial parts and rhizomes of Valeriana dioscoridis from Greece. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(5), 500-503.
- Karadeniz, A., Çinbilgel, İ., Gün, S.Ş., Çetin, A. (2015). Antioxidant activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Natural Product Research, 29(24), 2308-2312.
- Bogacz, A., Mrozikiewicz, P.M., Karasiewicz, M., Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J., Majchrzycki M., Mikolajczak P. L., Ozarowski M., Grzeskowiak E. (2014). The Influence of Standardized Valeriana officinalis Extract on the CYP3A1 Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors in In Vivo Model. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 819093, 7 pages.
- Kaur, R., Sood, M., Chander, S., Mahajan, R., Kumar, V., Sharma, D.R. (1999). In vitro propagation of Valeriana jatamani. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 59, 227–229.
- Ghaderi, N., Jafari, M. (2014). Efficient plant regeneration, genetic fidelity and high-level accumulation of two pharmaceutical compounds in regenerated plants of Valeriana officinalis L. South African Journal of Botany, 92, 19-27.
- Eruygur, N., Ataş, M., Çevik Ö. Tekin, M. (2017). Investigating of phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and proliferative properties of different extracts of Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. and Velen. endemic medicinal plant from Sivas, Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3), 155-166.
- Sacchetti, G., Maietti, S., Muzzoli, M., Scaglianti, M., Manfredini, S., Radice, M., Bruni, R. (2005). Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food chemistry, 91, 621-632.
- Eruygur, N., Dural E. (2019). Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin by a developed and validated HPLCFLD method and assessment of in-vitro antioxidant, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity in mulberry varieties from Turkey. Phytomedicine, 53, 234-242.
- Bremner, J.M. (1965). Method of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods. American Society of Agronomy Inc. Madison, Wise USA.,1149-1178.
- Murphy, L., Riley, J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36.
- Güzel, N., Gülüt, K. Y., Ortaş, İ., İbrikçi, H. (1992). Soil Fertility Analysis Methods Laboratory Handbook. Faculty of Agriculture Publications, Adana, No:117.
- Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200.
- ÖnayUçar, E., Karagöz, A., Arda, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity of Viscum album ssp. Albüm. Fitoterapia, 77, 556–560.
- Zahin, M., Aqil, F., Ahmad, I. (2009). The in-vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four Indian medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutzcal Sciences, 1, 88-95.
- Oyaizu M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr, 44, 307-315.
- Eloff, J.N. (1998). A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med, 64, 711–713.
- CLSI, (2002). Reference Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Approved Standard, 2nd ed., NCCLS document M27- A2. CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898, USA.
- CLSI, (2012). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically, Approved Standard, 9th ed., CLSI document M07-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
- Lopes, D., Strobl, H., Kolodziejczyk, P. (2005). Influence of drying and distilling procedures on the chemical composition of valerian oil (Valeriana officinalis L.). J Essent Oil Bearing Plants, 8(2), 134-139.
- Dimpfel, W. (2007). Acute effect of a valerian root extract on depth of sleep in humans (German). Z Phytother, 28(1), 7-15.
- Petenatti, M.E., Petenatti, E.M., Del Vitto, L.A., Téves, M.R., Caffini, N.O., Marchevsky, E.J., Pellerano, R.G. (2011). Evaluation of macro and microminerals in crude drugs and infusions of five herbs widely used as sedatives. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 21(6), 1144-1149.
- Dugaheh, M.A., Meisami, F., Torabian Z., Sharififar, F. (2013). Antioxidant effect and study of bioactive components of Valeriana sisymbriifolia and Nardostachys jatamansii in comparison to Valeriana officinalis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 26(1), 53-58.
- Sudati, J.H., Fachinetto, R., Pereira R.P., Boligon, A.A., Athayde, M.L., Soares, F.A., De Vargas Barbosa, N.B., Teixeira Rocha J.B. (2009). In vitro antioxidant activity of Valeriana officinalis against different neurotoxic agents. Neurochemical Research, 34, 1372‐1379.
- Malva, J.O., Santos, S., Macedo, T. (2004). Neuroprotective properties of Valeriana officinalis extracts. Neurotoxicolgical Research, 6, 131‐40.
- Kuete V. (2010). Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: a review. Planta Med., 76, 1479-1491.
- Awouafack, M.D., McGaw, L.J., Gottfried, S., Mbouangouere R., Tane, P., Spiteller, M. and Eloff, J.N. (2013). Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract, fractions and eight compounds isolated from Eriosema robustum (Fabasceae). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 289.
- Düzgüner, V., Erbil, N. (2019). Determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of valerian grown in Ardahan. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, 6(2), 271–275.
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 88 - 98, 13.06.2020
Abstract
Valerian (Valeriana dioscoridis Sm.) is a perennial herb of the Caprifoliaceae family. The genus Valeriana L. is represented by 14 species (15 taxa) in Turkey. This plant contains flavone glycosides, iridoids and lignans. Among these components, the medically important active ingredient is valerianic acid. Essential oils from valerian roots and rhizomes are used for the treatment of various diseases, including insomnia, mental illness, anxiety, menstrual cramps and physical stress conditions. In this study, evaluations were made of the root and rhizome of valerian plants grown in a natural environment and in greenhouse condition. The macro and micro nutrient contents of the powdered plant samples, and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity values of the extracts were reported. Except for some macro and micro elements, it was determined that antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of plants cultivated and grown in nature were not different. The major components of both the natural and cultivated forms were determined to be 9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, 9-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]- (17.55% and 22.65%, respectively). The heavy metales such as Fe (415.21±47.8 mg/kg), Cu (50.9±0.2 mg/kg) and Mn (274.6±9.5 mg/kg), were obtained above limit values in grown plants of natural environment conditions.
Project Number
SMYO19
References
- Piccinelli, A.L., Arana, S., Caceres, A., di Villa Bianca Rd., Sorrentino, R., Rastrelli, L., (2004). New lignans from the roots of Valeriana prionophylla with antioxidative and vasorelaxant activities. Journal of Natural Products, 67, 1135-1140.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
- Richardson, I.B.K. (1972). Valeriana L. In.: Davis, P.H. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol: 4, pp. 551-558. Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol: 10, pp.155, Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol: 11, pp. 147, Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.
- Guarrera, P., M., Lucchese, F., Medori, S. (2008). Ethnophytotherapeutical research in the high Molise region (Central-Southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 4, Article number: 7.
- Bulut, Y. (2006). Useful Plants of Manavgat (Antalya) Region. Master Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University. Institute of Science and Technology, Isparta.
- Lopez-Munoz, F., Alamo C., Garcia-Garcia P. (2006). The herbs that have the property of healing: The phytotherapy in Don Quixote. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 429-441.
- Tzakou, O., Couladis, M., Pavlovic, M., Sokovic, M. (2004). Composition and antifungal activity of the oil from aerial parts and rhizomes of Valeriana dioscoridis from Greece. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(5), 500-503.
- Karadeniz, A., Çinbilgel, İ., Gün, S.Ş., Çetin, A. (2015). Antioxidant activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Natural Product Research, 29(24), 2308-2312.
- Bogacz, A., Mrozikiewicz, P.M., Karasiewicz, M., Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J., Majchrzycki M., Mikolajczak P. L., Ozarowski M., Grzeskowiak E. (2014). The Influence of Standardized Valeriana officinalis Extract on the CYP3A1 Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors in In Vivo Model. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 819093, 7 pages.
- Kaur, R., Sood, M., Chander, S., Mahajan, R., Kumar, V., Sharma, D.R. (1999). In vitro propagation of Valeriana jatamani. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 59, 227–229.
- Ghaderi, N., Jafari, M. (2014). Efficient plant regeneration, genetic fidelity and high-level accumulation of two pharmaceutical compounds in regenerated plants of Valeriana officinalis L. South African Journal of Botany, 92, 19-27.
- Eruygur, N., Ataş, M., Çevik Ö. Tekin, M. (2017). Investigating of phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and proliferative properties of different extracts of Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. and Velen. endemic medicinal plant from Sivas, Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3), 155-166.
- Sacchetti, G., Maietti, S., Muzzoli, M., Scaglianti, M., Manfredini, S., Radice, M., Bruni, R. (2005). Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food chemistry, 91, 621-632.
- Eruygur, N., Dural E. (2019). Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin by a developed and validated HPLCFLD method and assessment of in-vitro antioxidant, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity in mulberry varieties from Turkey. Phytomedicine, 53, 234-242.
- Bremner, J.M. (1965). Method of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods. American Society of Agronomy Inc. Madison, Wise USA.,1149-1178.
- Murphy, L., Riley, J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36.
- Güzel, N., Gülüt, K. Y., Ortaş, İ., İbrikçi, H. (1992). Soil Fertility Analysis Methods Laboratory Handbook. Faculty of Agriculture Publications, Adana, No:117.
- Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200.
- ÖnayUçar, E., Karagöz, A., Arda, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity of Viscum album ssp. Albüm. Fitoterapia, 77, 556–560.
- Zahin, M., Aqil, F., Ahmad, I. (2009). The in-vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four Indian medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutzcal Sciences, 1, 88-95.
- Oyaizu M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr, 44, 307-315.
- Eloff, J.N. (1998). A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med, 64, 711–713.
- CLSI, (2002). Reference Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Approved Standard, 2nd ed., NCCLS document M27- A2. CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898, USA.
- CLSI, (2012). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically, Approved Standard, 9th ed., CLSI document M07-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
- Lopes, D., Strobl, H., Kolodziejczyk, P. (2005). Influence of drying and distilling procedures on the chemical composition of valerian oil (Valeriana officinalis L.). J Essent Oil Bearing Plants, 8(2), 134-139.
- Dimpfel, W. (2007). Acute effect of a valerian root extract on depth of sleep in humans (German). Z Phytother, 28(1), 7-15.
- Petenatti, M.E., Petenatti, E.M., Del Vitto, L.A., Téves, M.R., Caffini, N.O., Marchevsky, E.J., Pellerano, R.G. (2011). Evaluation of macro and microminerals in crude drugs and infusions of five herbs widely used as sedatives. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 21(6), 1144-1149.
- Dugaheh, M.A., Meisami, F., Torabian Z., Sharififar, F. (2013). Antioxidant effect and study of bioactive components of Valeriana sisymbriifolia and Nardostachys jatamansii in comparison to Valeriana officinalis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 26(1), 53-58.
- Sudati, J.H., Fachinetto, R., Pereira R.P., Boligon, A.A., Athayde, M.L., Soares, F.A., De Vargas Barbosa, N.B., Teixeira Rocha J.B. (2009). In vitro antioxidant activity of Valeriana officinalis against different neurotoxic agents. Neurochemical Research, 34, 1372‐1379.
- Malva, J.O., Santos, S., Macedo, T. (2004). Neuroprotective properties of Valeriana officinalis extracts. Neurotoxicolgical Research, 6, 131‐40.
- Kuete V. (2010). Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: a review. Planta Med., 76, 1479-1491.
- Awouafack, M.D., McGaw, L.J., Gottfried, S., Mbouangouere R., Tane, P., Spiteller, M. and Eloff, J.N. (2013). Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract, fractions and eight compounds isolated from Eriosema robustum (Fabasceae). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 289.
- Düzgüner, V., Erbil, N. (2019). Determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of valerian grown in Ardahan. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, 6(2), 271–275.
There are 35 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Structural Biology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | SMYO19 |
| Publication Date | June 13, 2020 |
| Submission Date | December 24, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
Cited By
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