İKLİM GÖÇMENLERİ; HUKUKİ STATÜSÜ PROBLEMİ, DEVLETLERİN KORUMA YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 82 Sayı: 1, 137 - 193, 12.02.2024

Lale Ayhan İzmirli

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1302957

Öz

İnsan faaliyetleri veya doğa olayları sebebiyle ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliği, kişilerin ülke içinde veya dışında yer değiştirmesine sebep olmaktadır. Yakın gelecekte münferit veya kitlesel göçlerin en önemli nedeni iklim değişikliği olacaktır. İklim değişikliklerinden etkilenerek yer değiştiren insanlar literatürde “iklim mültecileri”, “çevre mültecileri” veya “iklim göçmenleri” olarak anılmaktadır. Bu kişilerin hukuki statüsü ve devletlerin iklim göçmenlerine koruma sağlama yükümlülüğü bulunup bulunmadığı gibi bazı konular ise halen belirsizdir. Çalışmada iklim değişikliği sebebiyle bulundukları ülkeyi terk ederek başka bir ülkeye giden milletlerarası iklim göçmenlerine ilişkin bazı konular üzerinde durulacaktır.
Bu bağlamda iklim değişikliği ve göç ilişkisi hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecektir. Devamında iklim değişikliği sebebiyle bulunduğu yeri terk ederek başka bir ülkeye giden kişilerin Cenevre Konvansiyonu ve Türk hukukuku bakımından ‘mülteci’ olarak kabul edilip edilmeyeceği ile Türk hukukunda bu kişileri koruyacak bir koruma mekanizması bulunup bulunmadığı incelenecek ve iklim değişikliği ve göçe ilişkin milletlerarası alanda yapılan çalışmalar hakkında genel bilgi verilerek, devletlerin iklim göçmenlerine koruma sağlama yükümlülüğü üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise iklim göçmenlerine koruma sağlanmasına yönelik çözüm önerileri değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği, iklim göçmenleri, iklim mültecileri, çevre mültecileri, uluslararası koruma

CLIMATE MIGRANTS; THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL STATUS, STATES’ OBLIGATION TO PROTECT AND PROPOSALS FOR THE SOLUTION

Öz

Climate change, caused by human activities or natural events, causes people to relocate inside or outside their countries. Climate change will be the most important reason of indivial or mass migration in the near future. People who are affected by climate change and displaced are referred as “climate refugees”, “environmental refugess” or “climate migrants”. Some issues, such as the legal status of these people, whether the states have an obligation to provide protection to climate migrants are still unclear. This study focus on some issues related to international climate migrants who leave their country and go another country due to the climate change.
In this context, a brief information will be given about the relationship between climate change and migration. Afterwards, whether people who leave their country and go another one due to the climate change accepted as ‘refugees’ in terms of Geneva Convention and Turkish law, and if there is any other protection mechanism in Turkish law to protect these people will be examined and general information will be given regarding the climate change and migration, and the obligation of states to provide protection to climate migrants will be emphasized. In the last part of the study, solution suggestions will be evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate change, climate migrants, climate refugees, enviromental refugees, international protection

Kaynakça

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