Araştırma Makalesi
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AFRİKA’DA YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI: ULUSLARARASI ÜNİVERSİTE SIRALAMA SİSTEMLERİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 42 - 69, 30.01.2021

Öz

Küresel rekabet koşullarında bir ülke veya bölgenin üniversitelerinin uluslararası sıralamalardaki konumu, o ülke veya
bölgenin stratejik anlamda gücünü gösteren önemli bir parametredir. Nitekim ülkelerin yükseköğretim alanında sahip olduğu
politikalar, bu anlayış çerçevesinde biçimlenmekte ve devletlerin stratejik planlarının parçası olmaktadır. Bu anlayıştan
hareketle bu çalışmada küreselleşen dünyada önemli bir stratejik konuma sahip olan Afrika kıtasındaki yükseköğretim
kurumlarının mevcut durumu ve uluslararası sıralama sistemlerindeki konumları incelenerek, kıtanın yükseköğrenim alanında
sahip olduğu mevcut potansiyeli ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer
alan doküman analizi esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle uluslararası yükseköğrenim rehberi Unirank’ın güncel verileri
ışığında, Afrika’daki üniversite sayılarının kıta genelinde ülke ve bölgelere göre dağılımı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci
aşamasında ise üniversiteleri çeşitli göstergelere göre sıralayan 6 uluslararası sıralama sisteminin web sayfalarında
yayımladıkları güncel listeler incelenerek Afrika kıtasında bulunan üniversitelerin uluslararası sıralamalardaki konumu ortaya
çıkarılmıştır. Bu sıralama sistemlerinden THE, ARWU, QS, CWUR ve Türkiye menşeli URAP’ın son 3 yıllık dönemde
yaptıkları sıralamalar değerlendirilirken; sıralama listelerini her yıl güncelleyerek yayımlaması ve web sayfasında eski
sıralamalara yer vermemesi nedeniyle Webometrics’in sadece 2020 yılı sıralaması incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Afrika
kıtasında bulunan üniversitelerin ülke ve bölgelere göre dengesiz bir dağılıma sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öte yandan
sıralama sistemlerinin yayımladıkları hem genel değerlendirme listelerinde hem de bu listelerdeki ilk 500’lük dilimde en fazla
üniversitesi bulunan ülkelerin Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti ve Mısır olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2018). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html.
  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2019). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html.
  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2020). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2020.html.
  • Bastedo, M., N., & Bowman, N., A. (2011). College rankings as an interorganizational dependency: Establishing the foundation for strategic and institutional accounts. Research in Higher Education, 52(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-010-9185-0.
  • Boshoff, N., (2009). Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and the 'big five' South African research universities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23(4), 635-655. http://doi.org/10.4314/sajhe.v23i4.51056.
  • Bowen, G., A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. http://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2018). World University Rankings 2018-19. https://cwur.org/2018- 19.php.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2019). World University Rankings 2019-20. https://cwur.org/2019- 20.php.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2020). World University Rankings 2020-21. https://cwur.org/2020- 21.php.
  • Cuthbert, R. (2011). University rankings, diversity, and the new landscape of higher education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 30(1), 119-121. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789087908164.
  • Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2020). Bilimsel üretkenlik bağlamında dünya sıralama sistemleri ve Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin mevcut durumu. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.792205.
  • Docampo, D. (2020). African Universities and the 2019 edition of the Shanghai ranking. AtlanTTic Technical Report. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14577.63841.
  • Doğan, G. (2017). Akademik performans odaklı uluslararası üniversite sıralama sistemlerinin genel sıralamalarına ve ölçütlerine göre değerlendirilmesi. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Erarslan, İ. (2015). Üniversitelerin uluslararası görünürlüğü: akademik performans ve üniversite marka değeri ilişkisi. Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 8(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.18221/bujss.19128.
  • İsmail, E., M. (2010, December 6-8). Ranking of universities [Sunulmuş Bildiri]. 2nd International Conference on Assessing Quality in Higher Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • Jesensek M. (2006). Why the rankings are important?. Katedra (Maribor), 1(4), 6-7.
  • Marconi, G., & Ritzen, J. (2015). Determinants of international university rankings scores. Applied Economics, 47(57), 6211-6227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1068921.
  • Matthews, A., P. (2012). South African universities in world rankings. Scientometrics, 92(3), 675-695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0611-7.
  • Okebukola, P. (2011, 27-30 June). Nigerian universities and world ranking: issues, strategies and forward planning [Sunulmuş Bildiri]. AVCNU Conference, Covenant University, Ota.
  • Özkan, M. (2015). Üniversite sıralama sistemleri. İçinde A. Aypay (Ed.), Türkiye’de Yükseköğretim Alanı, Kapsamı ve Politikaları (ss. 341-368). Pegem Akademi.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2019). QS World University Ranking 2019. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2019.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2020). QS World University Ranking 2020. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2021). QS World University Ranking 2021. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021.
  • Saka, Y., & Yaman, S. (2011). Üniversite sıralama sistemleri; kriterler ve yapılan eleştiriler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 1(2), 72-79. http://www.doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2011.012.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2019). World University Rankings 2019. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2020). World University Rankings 2020. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2021). World University Rankings 2021. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/world-ranking.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2018). World Ranking 2018-2019. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2018-2019/world-2018.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2019). World Ranking 2019-2020. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2019-2020/World_Ranking_2019-2020.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2020). World Ranking 2019-2020. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/World_Ranking_2020-2021.
  • Webometrics (2020, April 4). World Ranking. http://www.webometrics.info/en/world.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (8. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.

THE UNIVERSITIES IN AFRICA: A REVIEW IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY RANKING SYSTEMS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 42 - 69, 30.01.2021

Öz

The position of the universities of a country or region in international rankings under global competition conditions is an
important parameter that shows the strategic power of that country or region. As a matter of fact, the policies that countries
have in the field of higher education are shaped within the framework of this understanding and become a part of the strategic
plans of the states. Based on this understanding, this study aims to reveal the current potential of the continent in the field of
higher education by examining the status of higher education institutions in Africa, which has an important strategic position
in the new global world conditions, and their current positions in international ranking systems. For this purpose, document
analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was taken as a basis in the study. In the study, first of all, in the
light of the current data of the international higher education guide Unirank, the dispersion of the number of universities in
Africa by countries and regions throughout the continent was determined. In the second stage of the study, the current lists
published by 6 international ranking systems, which rank universities according to various indicators, were examined and the
position of African universities in international rankings was revealed. While evaluating the rankings made by the ranking
systems THE, ARWU, QS, CWUR and URAP originating in Turkey in the last 3 years; due to the fact that it updates the
ranking lists every year and does not include old rankings on the website, only the 2020 rankings of Webometrics have been
examined. As a result of the study, it was found that the number of universities in the African continent has an unbalanced
dispersion according to countries and regions. On the other hand, it has been determined that the countries with the highest
number of universities in both the general evaluation lists published by the ranking systems and in the first 500 universities of
these lists are the Republic of South Africa and Egypt.

Kaynakça

  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2018). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html.
  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2019). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html.
  • Academic Ranking of World Universities [ARWU]. (2020). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2020.html.
  • Bastedo, M., N., & Bowman, N., A. (2011). College rankings as an interorganizational dependency: Establishing the foundation for strategic and institutional accounts. Research in Higher Education, 52(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-010-9185-0.
  • Boshoff, N., (2009). Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and the 'big five' South African research universities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23(4), 635-655. http://doi.org/10.4314/sajhe.v23i4.51056.
  • Bowen, G., A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. http://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2018). World University Rankings 2018-19. https://cwur.org/2018- 19.php.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2019). World University Rankings 2019-20. https://cwur.org/2019- 20.php.
  • Center for World University Rankings [CWUR]. (2020). World University Rankings 2020-21. https://cwur.org/2020- 21.php.
  • Cuthbert, R. (2011). University rankings, diversity, and the new landscape of higher education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 30(1), 119-121. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789087908164.
  • Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2020). Bilimsel üretkenlik bağlamında dünya sıralama sistemleri ve Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin mevcut durumu. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.792205.
  • Docampo, D. (2020). African Universities and the 2019 edition of the Shanghai ranking. AtlanTTic Technical Report. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14577.63841.
  • Doğan, G. (2017). Akademik performans odaklı uluslararası üniversite sıralama sistemlerinin genel sıralamalarına ve ölçütlerine göre değerlendirilmesi. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Erarslan, İ. (2015). Üniversitelerin uluslararası görünürlüğü: akademik performans ve üniversite marka değeri ilişkisi. Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 8(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.18221/bujss.19128.
  • İsmail, E., M. (2010, December 6-8). Ranking of universities [Sunulmuş Bildiri]. 2nd International Conference on Assessing Quality in Higher Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • Jesensek M. (2006). Why the rankings are important?. Katedra (Maribor), 1(4), 6-7.
  • Marconi, G., & Ritzen, J. (2015). Determinants of international university rankings scores. Applied Economics, 47(57), 6211-6227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1068921.
  • Matthews, A., P. (2012). South African universities in world rankings. Scientometrics, 92(3), 675-695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0611-7.
  • Okebukola, P. (2011, 27-30 June). Nigerian universities and world ranking: issues, strategies and forward planning [Sunulmuş Bildiri]. AVCNU Conference, Covenant University, Ota.
  • Özkan, M. (2015). Üniversite sıralama sistemleri. İçinde A. Aypay (Ed.), Türkiye’de Yükseköğretim Alanı, Kapsamı ve Politikaları (ss. 341-368). Pegem Akademi.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2019). QS World University Ranking 2019. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2019.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2020). QS World University Ranking 2020. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020.
  • Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking [QS]. (2021). QS World University Ranking 2021. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021.
  • Saka, Y., & Yaman, S. (2011). Üniversite sıralama sistemleri; kriterler ve yapılan eleştiriler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 1(2), 72-79. http://www.doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2011.012.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2019). World University Rankings 2019. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2020). World University Rankings 2020. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking.
  • Times Higher Education [THE]. (2021). World University Rankings 2021. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/world-ranking.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2018). World Ranking 2018-2019. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2018-2019/world-2018.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2019). World Ranking 2019-2020. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2019-2020/World_Ranking_2019-2020.
  • University Ranking by Academic Performance [URAP]. (2020). World Ranking 2019-2020. https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/World_Ranking_2020-2021.
  • Webometrics (2020, April 4). World Ranking. http://www.webometrics.info/en/world.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (8. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Halil İbrahim Koç 0000-0002-9536-7627

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç, H. İ. (2021). AFRİKA’DA YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI: ULUSLARARASI ÜNİVERSİTE SIRALAMA SİSTEMLERİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME. Africania, 1(1), 42-69.