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A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OF 7TH CENTURY CE

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 77 - 96, 26.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.368258

Öz

Although the modern sociology has its roots in positivistic epistemology, in alternative discourses, pre-Comte literary figures and other social figures are considered sociologists by
many due to their work and writings regarding society. Prophet Muhammad can also be studied by many as a sociologist in the light of the divine book he presented and his sayings. A
sociological analysis of the revolution that was brought about in the 7th century Arabia is performed in this research in the light of his quotes and the book, Quran. Herbert Blumer and others suggested the steps of social movement, in the same way, eight steps of revolution are suggested in this analysis of revolution that are; (i) Emergence and propaganda of revolutionary
idea / ideology, (ii) Organization and Integration of the members of the movement, (iii) Training of the members, (iv) Passive resistance with patience, (v) Agitation or active resistance, (vi)
Armed or Physical conflict/ Direct Confrontation, (vii) The establishment of a system/ Institutionalization, and (viii) Outward expansion/ Export of the revolution . Study of other revolutions in the history can easily be reduced to these stages and these stages can easily be replicated in other cases.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Akbar. Discovering Islam; Making sense of Muslim history and society. Routledge, 2002.
  • Ahmed, Dr. Israr. Jihad Fi Sabilliah. Lahore: Maktaba Khuddam ul Quran, 2006.
  • —. The Prophet’s strategy for Islamic revolution. Lahore: Markazi Anjuman Khuddam ul Quran, 2008.
  • Ahmad, I. (n.d.). Musnad Ahmed. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121
  • Al-Siba'i, Mustafa. Life of the Prophet. Translated by A.R. Kidwai. Dehli: Hindustan Publications, 1985.
  • Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopædia. Revolution. November 4, 2016. http://www.britannica.com/topic/revolution-politics (accessed April 23, 2016).
  • Bukhari, I. (n.d.). Sahih Bukhari. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=146
  • Butko, Thomas J. "Revelation or revolution: a Gramscian." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 31, no. 1 (2004): 141-162.
  • Cheema, Shahbaz Ahmad. "Problematizing the Religious Basis of Maududi's Political Theory." Studies on Asia Series IV 3, no. 2 (2013).
  • Christiansen, Jonathan. "Four Stages of Social Movements." EBSCO Research Starters (Blackwell Publishing), 2009: 15.
  • Code of Hammurabi. 2016. http://www.britannica.com/topic/Code-of-Hammurabi (accessed April 1, 2016).
  • Ellwood, Charles A. "Aristotle as a Sociologist." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 19 (March 1902): 63-74.
  • Freeman, Jo, and Victoria Lee Johnson. Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties. Maryland, US: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
  • Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad Al. Fiqh us Seerah. Riyadh, KSA: International Islamic Publising House, 1999.
  • Gibb, H. A. R. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey. 2nd. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
  • Hakim, I. (n.d.). Mustadrak Hakim. Retrieved April 23, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594
  • Hammond, Ron, Paul Cheney, and Raewyn Pearsey. "Introduction to Sociology." 2015. http://www.freesociologybooks.com (accessed April 1, 2016).
  • Hart, Michael H. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. NJ, US: Carol Publishing Group, 1978.
  • Hunt, Chester L., and Paul B. Horton. Sociology. 6th. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education, 2004.
  • Hyndman, Henry Mayers. The evolution of revolution. London: Hyndman Literary Trust, 1912.
  • Iqbal, Sir. Dr. Muhammad. Kashaf e Kuliyat e Iqbal Farsi (Persian). 1st. Edited by Ahmed Raza. Lahore: Idara e Ehl e Ilm, 2014.
  • Ishaq, Ibn e. The Life of Muhammad. Translated by A. Guillaume. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1976.
  • Isphahani, Abu Nuaym Ahmed bin Abdullah. Hilyatul Awliya wa Tabqatil Asfiya (Arabic). Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar ul Kutub Ilmiya, 1988.
  • Isphahani, Raghib. Mufradat ul Quran. Translated by Molana Muhammad Abduhu Feerozpuri. Vol. 1. Lahore: Irfan Afzal Press, n.d.
  • Kathir, Ibn e. Al Bidayah wa Al Nihaya (Arabic). Vol. 9. Dar u Alamil Kutub, 2003.
  • Khadduri, Majid. "Human Rights in Islam." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 243 (1946): 77-81.
  • Khaldun, Ibn e. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Translated by F. Rosenthal. Vol. 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1958.
  • Khalil, Elias L. "Comment [From Elias L. Khalil]." Contemporary Sociology, 2007: 204.
  • Khan, Waheeduddin. Muhammad: A Prophet for All Humanity. Goodword, 2000.
  • Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society , 1983.
  • Malik, I. (n.d.). Muwatta Malik. Retrieved September 3, 2016 from http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=7
  • Maudoodi, Syed Abul Aala. The Islamic Law & Constitution. Islamic Books, 1980.
  • —. Towards Understanding Islam. Kube Publishing Limited, 2013.
  • Mazlish, Bruce. A New Science: The Breakdown of Connections and the Birth of Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Moore, Terence W. Educational Theory: An Introduction. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2012.
  • Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman. Al Raheeq ul Makhtum. Lahore: AlMaktabah AlSalafiyyah, 2000.
  • Muir, Sir William. The Life of Mahomet: With Introductory Chapters on the Original Sources for the Biography of Mahomet, and on the Pre-Islamite History of Arabia. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1861.
  • Muslim, I. (n.d.). Sahih Muslim. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=3423&pid=107553
  • Qadri, Dr. Muhammad Tahir ul. Qurani Falsafa e Inqilab (The Quranic philosophy of revoution). Lahore: Minhaj ul Quran Printers, 2000.
  • —. Sirat ur Rasool: Biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Lahore: Minhaj ul Qur’an Publications, 2001.
  • Rhodes, Ron. Reasoning from the Scriptures with Muslims. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2002.
  • Roded, Ruth. "Lessons by a Syrian Islamist from the." Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 6 (2007): 855-872.
  • Rumi, Jalaluddin. Mathnavi e Maulvi e Ma'nvi. Translated by Molana Qazi Sajjad Hussain. Vol. 1. Lahore: Hamid and Company, 1974.
  • Shepard, Jon M. Sociology. 11. CA, USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013.
  • Stack, Steven. "The Effect of Domestic/Religious Individualism on Suicide, 1954-1978." Journal of Marriage and Family (National Council on Family Relations) 47, no. 2 (1985): 431-447.
  • Staggenborg, Suzanne. Institutionalization of Social Movements,. 2013. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm113/abstract (accessed 2 21, 2016).
  • Stuckler, David, and Karen Siegel. Sick Societies: Responding to the Global Challenge of Chronic Disease. OUP Oxford, 2011.
  • Turner, Ralph H. Social movement - Types of social movements. n.d. http://www.britannica.com/topic/social-movement/Types-of-social-movements#ref286661 (accessed April 23, 2016).
  • Wells, Herbert George. A short history of the world. New York: The Macmillan company, 1922.
  • What is Sociology? n.d. http://www.britsoc.co.uk/what-is-sociology/origins-of-sociology.aspx (accessed 2 4, 2016).
  • Yinger, J. Milton, and N. Mark Katz. "Revolution: Refining its definition." International journal of group tensions (Human Sciences Press) 30, no. 4 (2001): 349-367.
  • Yoder, Dale. "Current Definitions of Revolution." American Journal of Sociology (The University of Chicago Press) 32, no. 3 (1926): 433-441.

7. Yüzyılın İslam Dönüşüm Hareketinin Sosyolojik Analizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 77 - 96, 26.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.368258

Öz

Modern sosyolojinin kökleri pozitivist epistemolojide olmasına rağmen, alternatif söylemlerde, Comte öncesi edebi şahsiyetler ve diğer toplumsal figürler, toplumla ilgili çalışmaları ve yazıları nedeniyle birçokları tarafından sosyolog olarak kabul edilir. Peygamber Efendimiz Muhammed ‘in sunmuş olduğu ilahi kitabı ve sözleri ışığında sosyolog olarak tabir edebileceğimiz kişiler tarafından kendisi çalışılabilir. 7. yüzyıl Arabistan'da meydana gelen devrimin sosyolojik bir analizi, bu araştırmada, Kur'an-ı Kerim ve peygamber efendimizin sözleri ışığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Herbert Blumer ve diğer sosyologlar sosyal hareketin adımlarını önerdi ve aynı şekilde bu devrim analizinde sekiz adım önerildi. Bunlar; (i) Devrimci fikir / ideolojinin doğuşu ve propagandası, (ii) Hareket üyelerinin örgütlenmesi ve entegrasyonu, (iii) Üyelerin eğitimi, (iv) Sabırlı pasif direniş, (v) Ajitasyon veya aktif direnç, ( vi) Silahlı veya fiziksel çatışma / Doğrudan çatışma, (vii) Bir sistemin / kurumsallaşmanın kurulması ve (viii) Dışa doğru genişleme / Devrimin ihracatı. Tarihin diğer devrimlerinin incelenmesi bu aşamalara kolaylıkla indirgenebilir ve bu aşamalar diğer durumlarda kolayca uygulanabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Akbar. Discovering Islam; Making sense of Muslim history and society. Routledge, 2002.
  • Ahmed, Dr. Israr. Jihad Fi Sabilliah. Lahore: Maktaba Khuddam ul Quran, 2006.
  • —. The Prophet’s strategy for Islamic revolution. Lahore: Markazi Anjuman Khuddam ul Quran, 2008.
  • Ahmad, I. (n.d.). Musnad Ahmed. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121
  • Al-Siba'i, Mustafa. Life of the Prophet. Translated by A.R. Kidwai. Dehli: Hindustan Publications, 1985.
  • Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopædia. Revolution. November 4, 2016. http://www.britannica.com/topic/revolution-politics (accessed April 23, 2016).
  • Bukhari, I. (n.d.). Sahih Bukhari. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=146
  • Butko, Thomas J. "Revelation or revolution: a Gramscian." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 31, no. 1 (2004): 141-162.
  • Cheema, Shahbaz Ahmad. "Problematizing the Religious Basis of Maududi's Political Theory." Studies on Asia Series IV 3, no. 2 (2013).
  • Christiansen, Jonathan. "Four Stages of Social Movements." EBSCO Research Starters (Blackwell Publishing), 2009: 15.
  • Code of Hammurabi. 2016. http://www.britannica.com/topic/Code-of-Hammurabi (accessed April 1, 2016).
  • Ellwood, Charles A. "Aristotle as a Sociologist." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 19 (March 1902): 63-74.
  • Freeman, Jo, and Victoria Lee Johnson. Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties. Maryland, US: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
  • Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad Al. Fiqh us Seerah. Riyadh, KSA: International Islamic Publising House, 1999.
  • Gibb, H. A. R. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey. 2nd. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
  • Hakim, I. (n.d.). Mustadrak Hakim. Retrieved April 23, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594
  • Hammond, Ron, Paul Cheney, and Raewyn Pearsey. "Introduction to Sociology." 2015. http://www.freesociologybooks.com (accessed April 1, 2016).
  • Hart, Michael H. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. NJ, US: Carol Publishing Group, 1978.
  • Hunt, Chester L., and Paul B. Horton. Sociology. 6th. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education, 2004.
  • Hyndman, Henry Mayers. The evolution of revolution. London: Hyndman Literary Trust, 1912.
  • Iqbal, Sir. Dr. Muhammad. Kashaf e Kuliyat e Iqbal Farsi (Persian). 1st. Edited by Ahmed Raza. Lahore: Idara e Ehl e Ilm, 2014.
  • Ishaq, Ibn e. The Life of Muhammad. Translated by A. Guillaume. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1976.
  • Isphahani, Abu Nuaym Ahmed bin Abdullah. Hilyatul Awliya wa Tabqatil Asfiya (Arabic). Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar ul Kutub Ilmiya, 1988.
  • Isphahani, Raghib. Mufradat ul Quran. Translated by Molana Muhammad Abduhu Feerozpuri. Vol. 1. Lahore: Irfan Afzal Press, n.d.
  • Kathir, Ibn e. Al Bidayah wa Al Nihaya (Arabic). Vol. 9. Dar u Alamil Kutub, 2003.
  • Khadduri, Majid. "Human Rights in Islam." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 243 (1946): 77-81.
  • Khaldun, Ibn e. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Translated by F. Rosenthal. Vol. 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1958.
  • Khalil, Elias L. "Comment [From Elias L. Khalil]." Contemporary Sociology, 2007: 204.
  • Khan, Waheeduddin. Muhammad: A Prophet for All Humanity. Goodword, 2000.
  • Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society , 1983.
  • Malik, I. (n.d.). Muwatta Malik. Retrieved September 3, 2016 from http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=7
  • Maudoodi, Syed Abul Aala. The Islamic Law & Constitution. Islamic Books, 1980.
  • —. Towards Understanding Islam. Kube Publishing Limited, 2013.
  • Mazlish, Bruce. A New Science: The Breakdown of Connections and the Birth of Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Moore, Terence W. Educational Theory: An Introduction. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2012.
  • Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman. Al Raheeq ul Makhtum. Lahore: AlMaktabah AlSalafiyyah, 2000.
  • Muir, Sir William. The Life of Mahomet: With Introductory Chapters on the Original Sources for the Biography of Mahomet, and on the Pre-Islamite History of Arabia. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1861.
  • Muslim, I. (n.d.). Sahih Muslim. Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=3423&pid=107553
  • Qadri, Dr. Muhammad Tahir ul. Qurani Falsafa e Inqilab (The Quranic philosophy of revoution). Lahore: Minhaj ul Quran Printers, 2000.
  • —. Sirat ur Rasool: Biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Lahore: Minhaj ul Qur’an Publications, 2001.
  • Rhodes, Ron. Reasoning from the Scriptures with Muslims. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2002.
  • Roded, Ruth. "Lessons by a Syrian Islamist from the." Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 6 (2007): 855-872.
  • Rumi, Jalaluddin. Mathnavi e Maulvi e Ma'nvi. Translated by Molana Qazi Sajjad Hussain. Vol. 1. Lahore: Hamid and Company, 1974.
  • Shepard, Jon M. Sociology. 11. CA, USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013.
  • Stack, Steven. "The Effect of Domestic/Religious Individualism on Suicide, 1954-1978." Journal of Marriage and Family (National Council on Family Relations) 47, no. 2 (1985): 431-447.
  • Staggenborg, Suzanne. Institutionalization of Social Movements,. 2013. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm113/abstract (accessed 2 21, 2016).
  • Stuckler, David, and Karen Siegel. Sick Societies: Responding to the Global Challenge of Chronic Disease. OUP Oxford, 2011.
  • Turner, Ralph H. Social movement - Types of social movements. n.d. http://www.britannica.com/topic/social-movement/Types-of-social-movements#ref286661 (accessed April 23, 2016).
  • Wells, Herbert George. A short history of the world. New York: The Macmillan company, 1922.
  • What is Sociology? n.d. http://www.britsoc.co.uk/what-is-sociology/origins-of-sociology.aspx (accessed 2 4, 2016).
  • Yinger, J. Milton, and N. Mark Katz. "Revolution: Refining its definition." International journal of group tensions (Human Sciences Press) 30, no. 4 (2001): 349-367.
  • Yoder, Dale. "Current Definitions of Revolution." American Journal of Sociology (The University of Chicago Press) 32, no. 3 (1926): 433-441.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Farid Bın Masood

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bın Masood, F. (2018). A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OF 7TH CENTURY CE. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.368258