Araştırma Makalesi
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Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 230 - 242, 30.12.2022

Öz

In the United States, which emerged as a country of immigrants, individual and social conflicts have been inevitable in the process of constructing new identities of various ethnic groups. While these immigrants want to preserve their culture, they also try to adapt to American culture and society. The level of acculturation and assimilation processes that progress parallel to their adaptation also determine the way the immigrants define themselves and how they are defined by their ethnic group members or other Americans. Mexican Americans, similar to other ethnic groups in American society, cannot stay out of this phenomenon of conflict. Being Mexican, American, or both influence their daily lives in every conceivable way. This situation is undoubtedly reflected in the literature of Mexican Americans, and it is observed in the works of many writers and poets of Mexican origin. The works of Gary Soto, one of the leading literary figures of Mexican American (or Chicano/a) literature, also contain intense traces of the aforementioned internal and social conflicts. In most of his works, the author conveys the experiences that push him into an identity struggle. Soto, who is generally regarded as a poet, also writes his memoirs in prose and the short stories titled “Looking for Work”, “The Jacket”, and “The Savings Book” are noteworthy works that describe his ethnic identity perception and formation during his childhood, adolescence, and youth-adulthood, respectively. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of ethnic identity and identity formation in the selected short stories by Soto, who is a member of the multicultural American society.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Dennis (2008), Who Wrote That?: Gary Soto, New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Anzaldúa, Gloria E. (1987), Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, San Francisco: aunt lute books.
  • Campbell, Joseph (2004), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, New Jersey: Princeton UP. (Original work published in 1949).
  • Cortina, Rodolfo (1988), Hispanic American Literature: An Anthology, NTC Publishing.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013), “Bildungsroman”, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 77.
  • Erben, Rudolf, Ute Erben (1991-1992), “Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Chicano Identity in Gary Soto’s Living up the Street and Small Faces”, MELUS, 17(3), 43-52.
  • Lee, Don (1995), “About Gary Soto”, Ploughshares, 21(1), 188-192.
  • Godina, Heriberto and Rachelle McCoy (2000), “Emic and Etic Perspectives on Chicana and Chicano Multicultural Literature”, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44(2), 172- 179.
  • Golban, Tatiana (2014), Rewriting the Hero and the Quest: Myth and Monomyth in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin by Louis de Bernières, Frankfurt: PL Academic Research.
  • Olivares, Julián (1990), “The Streets of Gary Soto”, Latin American Literary Review, 18(35), 32-49.
  • Ostendorf, Berndt (1985), “Literary Acculturation: What Makes Ethnic Literature ‘Ethnic’”, Callaloo, 25, 577-58.
  • Paredes, Raymund E. (1981), “Mexican American Authors and the American Dream”, MELUS, 8(4), 71-80.
  • Rumbaut, Ruben G. (1994), “The Crucible within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants”, The International Migration Review, 28 (4), 748-794.
  • Soto, Gary (1992a), “Looking for Work”, Living up the Street, New York: Laural-Leaf, 26-32. (Original work published in 1985).
  • Soto, Gary (1992b), “The Savings Book”, Living up the Street. New York: Laural-Leaf, 138-14. (Original work published in 1985).
  • Soto, Gary (2000), “The Jacket”, The Effects of Knut Hamsun on a Fresno Boy, New York: Persea Books, 6-9. (Original work published in 1983).
  • Tatum, Charles M. (2006), Chicano and Chicana Literature: Otra Voz Del Pueblo, Tuscon: The University of Arizona Press.

Gary Soto’nun Seçilmiş Kısa Öykülerinde Etnik Kimlik Algısı ve Kimlik Oluşumu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 230 - 242, 30.12.2022

Öz

Bir göçmenler ülkesi olarak ortaya çıkan Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde, çeşitli etnik grupların yeni kimliklerinin inşası sürecinde bireysel ve toplumsal çatışmalar kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu göçmenler bir taraftan kendi kültürlerini korumak isterken diğer taraftan Amerikan kültürüne ve toplumuna da uyum sağlamaya çalışırlar. Söz konusu uyuma koşut ilerleyen kültürleşme ve asimilasyon süreçlerinin düzeyi; kendilerini tanımlama biçimlerini ve mensubu oldukları etnik grubun üyeleri veya diğer Amerikalılar tarafından nasıl tanımlandıklarını da belirler. Amerikan toplumundaki diğer etnik gruplar gibi Meksikalı Amerikalılar da zikredilen çatışma olgusunun dışında kalamazlar. Meksikalı, Amerikalı ya da her ikisi olmak günlük yaşamlarını akla gelebilecek her yönden etkiler. Bu durum şüphesiz Meksikalı Amerikalıların edebiyatına da yansımakta, Meksika kökenli pek çok yazar ve şairin eserinde tanıklanmaktadır. Meksikalı Amerikalı (veya Chicano/a) edebiyatının önde gelen edebî şahsiyetlerinden biri olan Gary Soto’nun eserleri de anılan içsel ve toplumsal çatışmanın yoğun izlerini barındırmaktadır. Öyle ki yazar eserlerinin büyük kısmında kendisini kimlik mücadelesi içine iten deneyimlerini aktarmaktadır. Genellikle bir şair olarak kabul edilen fakat anılarını düz yazı biçiminde yazmış olan Soto’nun “Looking for Work”, “The Jacket” ve “The Savings Book” adlı kısa öyküleri, kendisinin sırasıyla çocukluk, ergenlik ve gençlik-yetişkinlik yıllarındaki kimlik dönüşümünü anlatan eserler olarak dikkat çekmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Soto’nun söz konusu üç kısa öyküsü örneğinde, çok kültürlü Amerikan toplumunun bir üyesi olan yazarın öykülerine yansıyan etnik kimlik algısı ve kimlik oluşumunun incelenmesi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Dennis (2008), Who Wrote That?: Gary Soto, New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Anzaldúa, Gloria E. (1987), Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, San Francisco: aunt lute books.
  • Campbell, Joseph (2004), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, New Jersey: Princeton UP. (Original work published in 1949).
  • Cortina, Rodolfo (1988), Hispanic American Literature: An Anthology, NTC Publishing.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013), “Bildungsroman”, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 77.
  • Erben, Rudolf, Ute Erben (1991-1992), “Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Chicano Identity in Gary Soto’s Living up the Street and Small Faces”, MELUS, 17(3), 43-52.
  • Lee, Don (1995), “About Gary Soto”, Ploughshares, 21(1), 188-192.
  • Godina, Heriberto and Rachelle McCoy (2000), “Emic and Etic Perspectives on Chicana and Chicano Multicultural Literature”, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44(2), 172- 179.
  • Golban, Tatiana (2014), Rewriting the Hero and the Quest: Myth and Monomyth in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin by Louis de Bernières, Frankfurt: PL Academic Research.
  • Olivares, Julián (1990), “The Streets of Gary Soto”, Latin American Literary Review, 18(35), 32-49.
  • Ostendorf, Berndt (1985), “Literary Acculturation: What Makes Ethnic Literature ‘Ethnic’”, Callaloo, 25, 577-58.
  • Paredes, Raymund E. (1981), “Mexican American Authors and the American Dream”, MELUS, 8(4), 71-80.
  • Rumbaut, Ruben G. (1994), “The Crucible within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants”, The International Migration Review, 28 (4), 748-794.
  • Soto, Gary (1992a), “Looking for Work”, Living up the Street, New York: Laural-Leaf, 26-32. (Original work published in 1985).
  • Soto, Gary (1992b), “The Savings Book”, Living up the Street. New York: Laural-Leaf, 138-14. (Original work published in 1985).
  • Soto, Gary (2000), “The Jacket”, The Effects of Knut Hamsun on a Fresno Boy, New York: Persea Books, 6-9. (Original work published in 1983).
  • Tatum, Charles M. (2006), Chicano and Chicana Literature: Otra Voz Del Pueblo, Tuscon: The University of Arizona Press.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Firuze Güzel 0000-0001-6846-7529

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Güzel, F. (2022). Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 230-242.
AMA Güzel F. Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories. bitig. Aralık 2022;2(4):230-242.
Chicago Güzel, Firuze. “Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2, sy. 4 (Aralık 2022): 230-42.
EndNote Güzel F (01 Aralık 2022) Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2 4 230–242.
IEEE F. Güzel, “Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories”, bitig, c. 2, sy. 4, ss. 230–242, 2022.
ISNAD Güzel, Firuze. “Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2/4 (Aralık 2022), 230-242.
JAMA Güzel F. Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories. bitig. 2022;2:230–242.
MLA Güzel, Firuze. “Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 230-42.
Vancouver Güzel F. Ethnic Identity Perception and Identity Formation in Gary Soto’s Selected Short Stories. bitig. 2022;2(4):230-42.
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