TANKER GEMİLERİNDEKİ ÇEVRESEL UYGUNSUZLUKLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: PARİS MOU LİMAN DEVLETİ DENETİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 189 - 231, 29.12.2023

Demir Ali Akyar Bulut Ozan Ceylan Mehmet Serdar Çelık

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.1263396

Öz

Kıyı devletleri, limanlarına veya açık deniz tesislerine uğrak yapan yabancı bayraklı gemilere ve personeline liman devleti denetimleri (PSC) gerçekleştirmektedir. Uluslararası denizcilik sözleşmeleri ve Gemilerden Kaynaklanan Kirliliğin Önlenmesine İlişkin Uluslararası Sözleşme (MARPOL) kapsamında denizlerin ve doğal çevrenin korunması amacıyla uygulanan bu denetimler sürdürülebilir, temiz denizler ve doğal çevre açısından son derece önemlidir. Ancak son yıllarda artan deniz ticareti faaliyetleri, denizel çevreye çeşitli nedenlerle büyük ve kalıcı zararlar vermektedir. Ticari faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğü gemi türleri arasında tanker gemileri çevresel açıdan en riskli gemi türü olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Fakat denizcilik literatüründe tanker gemilerinin çevresel uygunsuzluklarının değerlendirilmesi konusunda kapsamlı bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca mevcut çalışmalar uygunsuzlukların içeriği konusunda detaylı bilgi barındırmamakta, doğrudan MARPOL ekleri düzeyinde incelemektedir. Bu motivasyon ile, bu çalışmada tanker gemilerine ait MARPOL uygunsuzlukları Paris MoU kapsamında belirlenerek, gemi özellikleri ile denetim sonuçları arasındaki istatistiksel ilişkiler ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda Paris MoU veri tabanından son beş yılı kapsayan 1.051 PSC denetimi verisi elde edilmiş ve bu denetimlerde MARPOL kapsamında tespit edilen 1.264 adet uygunsuzluk incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Tanker gemilerinde sırasıyla en sık olarak; Pis su arıtma ekipmanı (Ek IV - 14402), Çöp yönetim planı (Ek V - 14503) ve Yağ/yakıt filtreleme ekipmanı (Ek I - 14104) ile ilgili MARPOL uygunsuzlukları tespit edildiği ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca, istatistiksel olarak gemi yaşı ve denetim türü ile tespit edilen uygunsuzluklar arasındaki anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarının mevcut tanker filosunun MARPOL Sözleşmesine uyumluluğunun iyileştirilmesi konusunda gemi işletmecilerine, acentelere ve gemi personeline, denetimlerdeki etkinliğin artırılması konusunda ise bayrak ve liman devleti denetim rejimlerine fayda sağlaması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liman Devleti Denetimi, Tanker Gemileri, MARPOL, Çevre

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya gerekli veri kaynağını sağlayan Paris Memorandumu (MoU) genel sekreterliğine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFICIENCIES OF TANKER VESSELS: AN INVESTIGATION THROUGH PARIS MOU PORT STATE CONTROLS

Öz

Coastal states carry out port state inspections (PSC) of foreign flagged vessels calling at their ports or offshore facilities and their personnel. These inspections, which are implemented for the protection of the seas and the natural environment within the scope of international maritime conventions and The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), are extremely important in terms of sustainable, clean seas and the natural environment. However, the increasing maritime trade activities in recent years cause great and permanent damage to the marine environment for various reasons. Tankers stand out as the most environmentally risky type of ships that conduct commercial activities. However, there is no comprehensive study in the maritime literature on the evaluation of environmental deficiencies of tanker ships. In addition, existing studies do not contain detailed information on the deficiency details, and they examine them directly at the level of MARPOL annexes. With this motivation, in this study, MARPOL deficiencies of tanker ships are determined within the scope of Paris MoU PSC inspections, and statistical relationships between ship characteristics and inspection results were revealed. In this context, 1,051 PSC inspection data covering the last five years were obtained from the Paris MoU database, and 1,264 detected deficiencies within the scope of MARPOL were examined. As a result of the study, most frequently encountered MARPOL deficiencies in tanker ships have been; Sewage treatment plant (Annex IV - 14402), Garbage management plan (Annex V - 14503), and Oil/fuel filtering equipment (Annex I - 14104). In addition, statistically significant relationships were revealed between ship age, type of inspection, and the number of MARPOL deficiencies. It is aimed that the results of the analysis will be beneficial for the ship crew, ship management companies, and shipping agencies in improving the compliance of the world tanker fleet with the MARPOL Convention clauses, and the flag and port state inspectors in increasing the effectiveness of the vessel inspections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Port State Control, Tanker Ships, MARPOL, Environment

Kaynakça

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