Araştırma Makalesi
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Küresel Doğan İşletmelerin Uluslararasılaşma Sürecine Etki Eden Girişimcilik Yönelimi Boyutları ve Girişimci Özellikleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 454 - 474, 08.09.2017

Öz

Uluslararası ticaret ve uluslararası girişimciliğin
ortak konusu olan küresel doğan işletmeler (KDİ), geleneksel uluslararasılaşma
modellerinin aksine hızlı ve ivmeli uluslararasılaşmaktadır. Bu makalede, Türk
KDİ’lerin uluslararasılaşma sürecine etki eden faktörler incelenmektedir.



KDİ’ler ilgili araştırmalar; KDİ’lerin kuruluşuna
endüstrinin, küreselleşmenin, şebekelerin ve girişimcinin etki ettiğini belirtmektedir.
Karar verici ve uluslararasılaşmanın başlatıcı unsuru olması nedeniyle,
girişimci uluslararasılaşma sürecine etki eden en önemli faktördür. Özellikle,
KDİ’lerin girişimcilerinin sahip olduğu girişimcilik yönelimi (GY) sayesinde,
KDİ’ler çok daha hızlı uluslararasılaşmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, KDİ girişimcisinin
GY’nin üç unsurunu taşıması, bir diğer ifade ile risk alması, proaktif ve
yenilikçi olması, KDİ’yi rekabette üst konuma taşımakta ve uluslararası arenada
var olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışmada KDİ’lerin
uluslararasılaşmasına etki eden GY boyutları ve girişimci özellikleri
araştırılmaktadır.



6 KDİ’de kalitatif araştırma yapılmıştır. Yüzyüze
görüşmelerde katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler kodlanarak analiz edilmiş ve
girişimcilerin sahip oldukları özelliklere ulaşılmıştır. Bu özellikler
taksonomi ile ağaç diyagramına yerleştirilerek araştırma modeli
oluşturulmuştur.



Çalışma sonuçları, küresel doğan girişimcinin
proaktiflik, risk alma ve yenilikçilik kavramlarından oluşan GY boyutları ile
ilişkilendirilen ortak ve farklı özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Girişimcinin
genel özellikleri her bir GY boyutu altında iki grupta toplanmıştır. Birinci
grup KDİ’lerin GY’ne pozitif etki etmektedir. İkinci grup, KDİ’lerin GY’ne
negatif etki etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, O. (1993). On the internationalization process of firms: A critical analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2, 209-231.
  • Aspelund, A., Madsen, T. K. and Moen, O. (2007). A review of the foundation, international marketing strategies, and performance of international new ventures. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.41, No.11/12, pp 1423-1448
  • Baird, I. S. and Thomas, H. (1985). Toward a contingency model of strategic risk taking. Academy of Management Review, 10, pp 230-243.
  • Bas, T. and Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel arastırma yöntemleri- NVivo 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. 1th Ed.. Ankara: SeckinYayıncılık.
  • Can H., Tuncer, D. and Ayhan, D. Y. (2004). Genel isletmecilik bilgileri. 15th Ed. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. and Uner, M. M. (2011). Türkiye’de küresel dogan işletmeler. 1st Edition. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Chetty, S. and Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). A strategic approach to internationalization: A traditional versus a ‘born-global’ approach. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp 57–81.
  • Covin, J. G. and Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, Volume: 25/3, pp 217–259.
  • Gabrielsson, M. (2005). Branding strategies of born globals. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3, pp 199–222.
  • Kalyoncuoglu, S. (2010). A Comparative study on the characteristics of founders/top managers that affect firms as born global (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Knight, G. A. and Cavusgil, S. T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in International Marketing, 8, pp 11- 26.
  • Knight, Gary A. (1997). Emerging paradigm for international marketing: The born global firm. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Michigan State University, Michigan.
  • Knight, G. A., Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, pp 124-141.
  • Kraus, S. and Rigtering, J. P. C., Hughes, M., and Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: a quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managing Science (Springer Link), 6, pp 161-182.
  • Lee, S. M. and Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35/ (4), pp 401-416.
  • Lee, C., Lee, K., and PENNINGS, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6/7), pp 615–640.
  • Lieberman, M. B. and Montgomery, D. B. (1988). First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9, [Special Issue], pp 41-58.
  • Lumpkin, G. T., Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21/1, pp 135–172.
  • Madsen, T. K. and Knudsen, T. (2003). International new ventures: A new organizational form? The Sixth McGill Conference on International Entrepreneurship: Crossing Boundaries and Researching New Frontiers, September, pp19-22.
  • Madsen, T. K., Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of born globals: An evolutionary process?. International Business Review, Vol.6, No: 6, pp 561-583.
  • McDougall, P. P., Oviatt, B. M., and Shrader, R. C. (2003). A comparison of international and domestic new ventures. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp 59-82.
  • Moen, O. and Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 10(3), pp 49–72.
  • Oviatt, B. M. and Mcdougall, P. P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, First Quarter, pp 45-64.
  • RENNIE, Micheal W. (1993). Born global. The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4, pp 45-52.
  • Saarenketo, S., Puumalainen, K., Kuivalaien, O. and Kylaheiko, K. (2004). Dynamic knowledge-related learning processes in internationalizing high-tech SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 89, pp 363–378.
  • Uner, M. M., (2008). Genel isletmecilik. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized business. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.24, Issue:13, pp 1307–1314.
  • Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, pp 71-91.
  • Yıldırım, A. and Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastırma yöntemleri, 1.th Ed. Ankara: Seckin Yayıncılık.
  • Zhang, S. (2009). The reasons for emergence of born global firms taking China as an example. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, No.8, pp 37-42.

Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 454 - 474, 08.09.2017

Öz

Born global
firms
, a common
subject of both international trade and international entrepreneurship,
internationalize quickly and with acceleration. The researches about the BG
firms emphasize that; industries, globalization, networks and entrepreneurs
affect the BG firms. Entrepreneurs are more important than the other factors,
because of being decision maker and the starter of internationalization. BG
firms internationalize faster through entrepreneurial orientation (EO) that
owned by the entrepreneur. The BG entrepreneur having three factors ofn EO,
carries the BG firm one step ahead in the competition.
 Thus,
in this study, the entrepreneurial orientaion (EO) dimensions and entrepreneur
characteristics that affect the internationalization of BGs are investigated.



Qualitative research is
applied on 6 BG firms. The data gathered from the participants while face to
face interviews and are analyzed by coding. The research method is created by
replacing these properties into tree diagram through taxonomy. Study results
discovered BG entrepreneur’s common and different characteristics related to
the EO dimensions, pro-activeness, risk taking, and innovativeness.
Entrepreneur’s general characteristics are gathered into two groups for each of
the EO dimensions. The first group affects the EO of BGs positively, and the
second group affects negatively.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, O. (1993). On the internationalization process of firms: A critical analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2, 209-231.
  • Aspelund, A., Madsen, T. K. and Moen, O. (2007). A review of the foundation, international marketing strategies, and performance of international new ventures. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.41, No.11/12, pp 1423-1448
  • Baird, I. S. and Thomas, H. (1985). Toward a contingency model of strategic risk taking. Academy of Management Review, 10, pp 230-243.
  • Bas, T. and Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel arastırma yöntemleri- NVivo 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. 1th Ed.. Ankara: SeckinYayıncılık.
  • Can H., Tuncer, D. and Ayhan, D. Y. (2004). Genel isletmecilik bilgileri. 15th Ed. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. and Uner, M. M. (2011). Türkiye’de küresel dogan işletmeler. 1st Edition. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Chetty, S. and Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). A strategic approach to internationalization: A traditional versus a ‘born-global’ approach. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp 57–81.
  • Covin, J. G. and Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, Volume: 25/3, pp 217–259.
  • Gabrielsson, M. (2005). Branding strategies of born globals. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3, pp 199–222.
  • Kalyoncuoglu, S. (2010). A Comparative study on the characteristics of founders/top managers that affect firms as born global (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Knight, G. A. and Cavusgil, S. T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in International Marketing, 8, pp 11- 26.
  • Knight, Gary A. (1997). Emerging paradigm for international marketing: The born global firm. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Michigan State University, Michigan.
  • Knight, G. A., Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, pp 124-141.
  • Kraus, S. and Rigtering, J. P. C., Hughes, M., and Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: a quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managing Science (Springer Link), 6, pp 161-182.
  • Lee, S. M. and Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35/ (4), pp 401-416.
  • Lee, C., Lee, K., and PENNINGS, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6/7), pp 615–640.
  • Lieberman, M. B. and Montgomery, D. B. (1988). First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9, [Special Issue], pp 41-58.
  • Lumpkin, G. T., Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21/1, pp 135–172.
  • Madsen, T. K. and Knudsen, T. (2003). International new ventures: A new organizational form? The Sixth McGill Conference on International Entrepreneurship: Crossing Boundaries and Researching New Frontiers, September, pp19-22.
  • Madsen, T. K., Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of born globals: An evolutionary process?. International Business Review, Vol.6, No: 6, pp 561-583.
  • McDougall, P. P., Oviatt, B. M., and Shrader, R. C. (2003). A comparison of international and domestic new ventures. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp 59-82.
  • Moen, O. and Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 10(3), pp 49–72.
  • Oviatt, B. M. and Mcdougall, P. P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, First Quarter, pp 45-64.
  • RENNIE, Micheal W. (1993). Born global. The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4, pp 45-52.
  • Saarenketo, S., Puumalainen, K., Kuivalaien, O. and Kylaheiko, K. (2004). Dynamic knowledge-related learning processes in internationalizing high-tech SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 89, pp 363–378.
  • Uner, M. M., (2008). Genel isletmecilik. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized business. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.24, Issue:13, pp 1307–1314.
  • Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, pp 71-91.
  • Yıldırım, A. and Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastırma yöntemleri, 1.th Ed. Ankara: Seckin Yayıncılık.
  • Zhang, S. (2009). The reasons for emergence of born global firms taking China as an example. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, No.8, pp 37-42.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Behiye Beğendik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Beğendik, B. (2017). Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 454-474.
AMA Beğendik B. Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Eylül 2017;19(2):454-474.
Chicago Beğendik, Behiye. “Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms”. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19, sy. 2 (Eylül 2017): 454-74.
EndNote Beğendik B (01 Eylül 2017) Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19 2 454–474.
IEEE B. Beğendik, “Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 2, ss. 454–474, 2017.
ISNAD Beğendik, Behiye. “Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms”. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19/2 (Eylül 2017), 454-474.
JAMA Beğendik B. Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;19:454–474.
MLA Beğendik, Behiye. “Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms”. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 454-7.
Vancouver Beğendik B. Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneur’s Characteristics That Affect The Internetionalization Process of Turkish Born Global Firms. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;19(2):454-7.