Normal Gelişim Gösteren ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duygu Düzenleme

Yıl 2015, Uluslararası Katılımlı 3. Çocuk Gelişimi ve Eğitimi Kongre Kitabı, - , 24.06.2015

Ayşe Işık Figen Turan

Öz

Duygu düzenleme, bireylerin hedeflerine ulaşabilmeleri ve sosyal hayata uyum sağlayabilmeleri için duygusal uyarılmanın başlaması, sürdürülmesi ve yönetilmesidir. Bir başka deyişle duygu düzenleme, kişinin amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için duygusal tepkilerini kontrol etmesi, izlemesi, değerlendirmesi ve değiştirmesidir. Kişi tüm bunları yaparken, duygu düzenleme stratejilerini kullanır. Duyguları düzenlemeye yönelik davranış kalıpları ise yaşa ve gelişim özelliklerine göre değişkenlik gösterir. Bebeklik döneminde birincil bakım veren kişi, bebeğin duygu düzenleme sisteminde birincil rol oynar. Bebekler en basit anlamıyla, sıkıntılı hissettikleri anlarda ağlayarak, hoşnut hissettikleri anlarda ise bu durumu devam ettirmek için memnuniyet ifadeleri göstererek (gülümseme, sesler çıkarma, anneyle etkileşime girme) duygu düzenleme sistemlerinde ona en yakın kişiden destek alırlar. Ardından dil gelişimiyle beraber çocuklar duygularını ifade etmeye başlarlar. Okulöncesi dönemde ise çocuk, duygu düzenleme sistemine gittikçe daha çok dahil olmakta ve duyguları yönetme becerileri artmaktadır. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda ise dil ve sosyal alanlardaki yetersizlikler, çocukların duygularını sözel olarak ifade etmelerini ve duygusal tepkilerini sosyal bağlama uygun hale getirmelerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca etkili duygu düzenleme stratejilerini kullanmakta yetersiz kalmakta, bunun yerine öfke krizi geçirme, kendine zarar verme, kolay öfkelenme gibi davranış kalıpları geliştirerek kendilerine özgü stratejiler geliştirmektedirler. Bu makalede, normal gelişim gösteren ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocukların duygu düzenleme davranışları betimlenmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler: duygu düzenleme, duygu düzenleme stratejileri, otizm spektrum bozukluğu

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Kaynakça

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