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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 217 - 232, 17.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1391437

Öz

The effect of the water addition into the intake air (WAIA) on cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate (HRR), combustion duration (CD), and energy balance in an automotive diesel engine have been investigated experimentally. Also, an empirical correlation has been developed for estimating CD using the HRR. This relation has been developed by applying the multiple curve fitting method, taking into account experimental results for different water ratios such as (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) %, different engine loads, and different engine speeds such as (2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000) rpms. The test results showed that cylinder pressure values generally increased at (2000, 2500, and 3500) rpm, but they decreased at (3000 and 4000) rpm for all of the selected water ratios. Also, maximum cylinder temperature values have occurred at crank angles farther from TDC for WAIA. Cylinder temperature values mostly decreased at (2000, 2500, and 3000) rpms, but they generally increased at (3500 and 4000) rpms for WAIA. Also, maximum cylinder temperature values were occurred at crank angles farther from TDC for WAIA. HRR values generally decreased at (2000, 2500, 3500, and 4000) rpms, but they generally increased at 3000 rpm. It has been determined that the CDs were generally shortened at all of the engine speeds under full loads with water addition. CD values for NDF and (2.42, 4.22, 5.95, 8.32, 9.46) % water ratios have been determined as (13.10, 12.96, 12.93, 12.68, 12.95, and 13.576) °CA, respectively, at 2000 rpm. The effective power values according to the chemical energy of the fuel generally decrease with WAIA at 2000 rpm. However, the effective power values according to the chemical energy of the fuel increase for high WRs at 4000 rpm.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Zaid M., 2004, Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions, Energy Conv. and Management, 45, 697-705.
  • Ayhan V. and Ece Y.M., 2020, New application to reduce NOx emissions of diesel engines: Electronically controlled direct water injection at compression stroke, Applied Energy, 260, 114328.
  • Boldaji R.M. and Sofianopoulos A., Mamalis S., Lawler B., 2018, Effects of mass, pressure, and timing of injection on the efficiency and emissions characteristics of TSCI combustion with direct water injection, SAE Technical Papers, 2018-01-0178.
  • Durgun O. and Kafali K., 1991, Blockage correction, Ocean Engineering, 18, 2699-82.
  • Elsanusi O.A., Roy M.M. and Sidhu M.S., 2017, Experimental invest. on a diesel engine fueled by diesel-biodiesel blends and their emulsions at various engine operating conditions, Applied Energy, 203, 582–93.
  • El Shenawy E.A., Elkelawy M., Mohamood H.A.E, Shams M.H., Panchal H. and Sadasivuni K.K., 2019, Investigation and performance analysis of water-diesel emulsion for improvement of performance and emission characteristics of partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCCI) diesel engines, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 36, 100546.
  • Ghazal O.H., 2019, Combustion analysis of hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine with water injection technique, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,13,100380.
  • Gentz G., Thelen B., Litke P., Hoke J. and Toulson E., 2015, Combustion visualization, performance, and CFD modeling of a pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition system in a rapid comp. machine, SAE Int J Engines, 8, 538–46.
  • Gowrishankar S. and Krishnasamy A., 2022, A relative assessment of emulsification and water injection methods to mitigate higher oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel fueled light-duty diesel engine, Fuel, 308, 121926.
  • Gowrishankar S., Rastogi P. and Krishnasamy A., 2020, Investigations on NOx and smoke emissions reduction potential through water-in-diesel emulsion and water fumigation in a small-bore diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper, 2020-32-2312.
  • Han J., Somers L.M.T., Cracknell R., Joedicke A., Wardle R. and Mohan V.R.R., 2020 Experimental investigation of ethanol/diesel dual -fuel combustion in a heavy -duty diesel engine, Fuel, 275,117867.
  • Heywood J.B., 2018, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (2nd edit), McGrow-Hill Book Company.
  • Hosseini V. and Checkel M.D., 2006, Using reformer gas to enhance HCCI combustion of CNG in a CFR engine, SAE Technical Paper, 01, 13.
  • Ithnin A.M., Ahmad M.A., Bakar M.A.A., Rajoo S. and Yahya W.J., 2015, Combustion performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from low-grade diesel fuel, Energy Conv. and Management, 90, 375–82.
  • Jhalani A., Sharma D., Soni S.L. and Sharma P.K., 2019, Effects of process parameters on performance and emissions of a water-emulsified diesel-fueled compression ignition engine, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects,1-13.
  • Khanjani A. and Sobati M.A., 2021, Performance and emission of a diesel engine using different water/waste fish oil (WFO) biodiesel/diesel emulsion fuels: Optimization of fuel formulation via response surface methodology (RSM), Fuel, 288, 119662.
  • Maawa W. N., Mamat R., Najafi G. and Goey LPH. D., 2020, Performance, comb., and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with emulsified diesel-biodiesel blends at different water contents, Fuel, 267,117265.
  • Mahmood A.S., Qatta H.I., Hussein N.F. and Ismael A.A., 2019, Effect of using diesel-water emulsion as a fuel on diesel engine emissions: An experimental study. International Journal of Energy and Envirn.,10, 321-8.
  • Park J. and Oh J., 2022, Study on the characteristics of performance, comb., and emissions for a diesel water emulsion fuel on a combustion visualization engine and a commercial diesel engine, Fuel, 311, 122520.
  • Singh S.B., Dhar A. and Agarwal A.K., 2015, Technical feasibility study of butanol-gasoline blends for powering medium-duty transportation spark ignition engine, Renewable Energy, 76, 706-716.
  • Shojaei T.R., Khalife E., Tabatabaei M., Najafi B. and Mirsalim M., 2019, Effect of nano-cerium oxide and water additives on B5 combustion emissions, Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31, 34–9.
  • Subramanian KA., 2011, A comparison of water–diesel emulsion and timed injection of water into the intake manifold of a diesel engine for simultaneous control of NO and smoke, Energy Conv. & Mana., 52, 849–57.
  • Sun X., Ning J., Liang X., Jing G., Chen Y. and Chen G., 2022, Effect of direct water inj. on comb. and emissions charact. of marine diesel engines, Fuel, 309, 122213.
  • Şahin Z., Tuti M. and Durgun O., 2014, Experimental investigation of the effects of water adding to the intake air on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in a DI automotive diesel engine, Fuel, 115, 884 –895. Şahin Z., Durgun O. and Tuti M., 2018, An experimental study on the effects of inlet water injection of diesel engine heat release rate, fuel consumption, opacity, and NOx emissions, Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 981-96.
  • Tauzia X., Maiboom A. and Shah SR., 2010, Experimental study of inlet manifold water injection on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection diesel engine. Energy, 35, 3628–39.
  • Tesfa B., Mishra R., Gu F. and Ball A.D., 2012, Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel, Renewable Energy, 37, 1, 333-344.
  • Tuti M., Şahin Z. and Durgun O., 2021, Experimental investigation of the effects of water addition into the intake air on cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate and combustion duration in an automotive diesel engine, 23rd Congree on Thermal Science and Technology, September 8-10, Gaziantep, Türkiye, 785–95.
  • Vigneswaran R., Balasubramanian D. and Sastha B.D.S., 2021, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of unmodified diesel engine with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano particle along with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel, Fuel, 285, 119115.
  • Zhang Z., Kang Z., Jiang L., Chao Y., Deng J., Hu Z., Li L. and Wu Z., 2017, Effect of direct water injection during compression stroke on thermal efficiency optimization of common rail diesel engine, Energy Procedia, 142, 1251-1258.
  • Zhanming C., Long W., Xiaochen W., Hao C., Limin G. and Nan G., 2022, Experimental study on the effect of water port injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methane dual-fuel engines, Fuel, 312, 122950.
  • Zhao R., Zhang Z., Zhuge W., Zhang Y. and Yin Y., 2018, Comparative study on different water/steam injection layouts for fuel reduction in a turbocompound diesel engine, Energy Conv. & Manag., 171, 1487-501.
  • Zhu S., Hu B., Akehurst S., Copeland C., Lewis A. and Yuan H., 2019, A review of water injection applied on the internal combustion engine, Energy Conv. & Management, 184,139–158.

BİR OTOMOBİL DİZEL MOTORUNDA EMME HAVASINA SU EKLENMESİNİN YANMA PARAMETRELERİ VE ENERJİ DENGESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN DENEYSEL İNCELENMESİ VE YANMA SÜRESİ İÇİN AMPİRİK BAĞINTI GELİŞTİRME

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 217 - 232, 17.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1391437

Öz

Sunulan çalışmada; bir otomobil dizel motorunda emme havasına su eklenmesinin (EHSE) silindir basıncı, silindir sıcaklığı, açığa çıkan ısı oranı değerleri, enerji dengesi ve yanma süresi üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, açığa çıkan ısı oranı eğrilerinden hesaplanan yanma süreleri için çoklu eğri uydurma yöntemi kullanılarak ampirik bir bağıntı geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağıntı geliştirilirken, farklı yükler altında (2000, 2500, 3000, 3500 ve 4000) d/d devir sayılarında ve % (2, 4, 6, 8, ve 10) su oranlarında yapılan deneysel veriler kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonunda, EHSE’nin silindir basınçlarını (2000, 2500 ve 3500) d/d devir sayılarında artırdığı ve (3000 ve 4000) d/d devir sayılarında azalttığı ve maksimum basınçların üst ölü noktaya (ÜÖN’ye) daha yakın krank mili açılarında (KMA) oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. EHSE’nin silindir sıcaklıklarını (2000, 2500 ve 3000) d/d devir sayılarında azalttığı ve (3500 ve 4000) d/d devir sayılarında arttırdığı ve maksimum sıcaklıkların ÜÖN’ye daha yakın krank mili açılarında oluştuğu görülmüştür. EHSE ile açığa çıkan ısı oranı değerleri (2000, 2500, 3500 ve 4000) d/d sayılarında azalmış, ancak 3000 d/d devir sayısında artmıştır. EHSE ile, yanma süresi tam yük altında seçilen tüm çalışma koşullarında genel olarak azalmıştır. Örneğin 2000 d/d devir sayısında, saf dizel yakıtı ve % (2.42, 4.22, 5.95, 8.32, 9.46) su oranlarında yanma süreleri (13.10, 12.96, 12.93, 12.68, 12.95, and 13.576) KMA şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. EHSE ile, motorda harcanan yakıtın kimyasal enerjisine göre değerlendirme yapıldığında efektif gücün 2000 d/d devir sayısında genellikle azaldığı ancak 4000 d/d devir sayısında arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Zaid M., 2004, Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions, Energy Conv. and Management, 45, 697-705.
  • Ayhan V. and Ece Y.M., 2020, New application to reduce NOx emissions of diesel engines: Electronically controlled direct water injection at compression stroke, Applied Energy, 260, 114328.
  • Boldaji R.M. and Sofianopoulos A., Mamalis S., Lawler B., 2018, Effects of mass, pressure, and timing of injection on the efficiency and emissions characteristics of TSCI combustion with direct water injection, SAE Technical Papers, 2018-01-0178.
  • Durgun O. and Kafali K., 1991, Blockage correction, Ocean Engineering, 18, 2699-82.
  • Elsanusi O.A., Roy M.M. and Sidhu M.S., 2017, Experimental invest. on a diesel engine fueled by diesel-biodiesel blends and their emulsions at various engine operating conditions, Applied Energy, 203, 582–93.
  • El Shenawy E.A., Elkelawy M., Mohamood H.A.E, Shams M.H., Panchal H. and Sadasivuni K.K., 2019, Investigation and performance analysis of water-diesel emulsion for improvement of performance and emission characteristics of partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCCI) diesel engines, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 36, 100546.
  • Ghazal O.H., 2019, Combustion analysis of hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine with water injection technique, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,13,100380.
  • Gentz G., Thelen B., Litke P., Hoke J. and Toulson E., 2015, Combustion visualization, performance, and CFD modeling of a pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition system in a rapid comp. machine, SAE Int J Engines, 8, 538–46.
  • Gowrishankar S. and Krishnasamy A., 2022, A relative assessment of emulsification and water injection methods to mitigate higher oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel fueled light-duty diesel engine, Fuel, 308, 121926.
  • Gowrishankar S., Rastogi P. and Krishnasamy A., 2020, Investigations on NOx and smoke emissions reduction potential through water-in-diesel emulsion and water fumigation in a small-bore diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper, 2020-32-2312.
  • Han J., Somers L.M.T., Cracknell R., Joedicke A., Wardle R. and Mohan V.R.R., 2020 Experimental investigation of ethanol/diesel dual -fuel combustion in a heavy -duty diesel engine, Fuel, 275,117867.
  • Heywood J.B., 2018, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (2nd edit), McGrow-Hill Book Company.
  • Hosseini V. and Checkel M.D., 2006, Using reformer gas to enhance HCCI combustion of CNG in a CFR engine, SAE Technical Paper, 01, 13.
  • Ithnin A.M., Ahmad M.A., Bakar M.A.A., Rajoo S. and Yahya W.J., 2015, Combustion performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from low-grade diesel fuel, Energy Conv. and Management, 90, 375–82.
  • Jhalani A., Sharma D., Soni S.L. and Sharma P.K., 2019, Effects of process parameters on performance and emissions of a water-emulsified diesel-fueled compression ignition engine, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects,1-13.
  • Khanjani A. and Sobati M.A., 2021, Performance and emission of a diesel engine using different water/waste fish oil (WFO) biodiesel/diesel emulsion fuels: Optimization of fuel formulation via response surface methodology (RSM), Fuel, 288, 119662.
  • Maawa W. N., Mamat R., Najafi G. and Goey LPH. D., 2020, Performance, comb., and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with emulsified diesel-biodiesel blends at different water contents, Fuel, 267,117265.
  • Mahmood A.S., Qatta H.I., Hussein N.F. and Ismael A.A., 2019, Effect of using diesel-water emulsion as a fuel on diesel engine emissions: An experimental study. International Journal of Energy and Envirn.,10, 321-8.
  • Park J. and Oh J., 2022, Study on the characteristics of performance, comb., and emissions for a diesel water emulsion fuel on a combustion visualization engine and a commercial diesel engine, Fuel, 311, 122520.
  • Singh S.B., Dhar A. and Agarwal A.K., 2015, Technical feasibility study of butanol-gasoline blends for powering medium-duty transportation spark ignition engine, Renewable Energy, 76, 706-716.
  • Shojaei T.R., Khalife E., Tabatabaei M., Najafi B. and Mirsalim M., 2019, Effect of nano-cerium oxide and water additives on B5 combustion emissions, Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31, 34–9.
  • Subramanian KA., 2011, A comparison of water–diesel emulsion and timed injection of water into the intake manifold of a diesel engine for simultaneous control of NO and smoke, Energy Conv. & Mana., 52, 849–57.
  • Sun X., Ning J., Liang X., Jing G., Chen Y. and Chen G., 2022, Effect of direct water inj. on comb. and emissions charact. of marine diesel engines, Fuel, 309, 122213.
  • Şahin Z., Tuti M. and Durgun O., 2014, Experimental investigation of the effects of water adding to the intake air on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in a DI automotive diesel engine, Fuel, 115, 884 –895. Şahin Z., Durgun O. and Tuti M., 2018, An experimental study on the effects of inlet water injection of diesel engine heat release rate, fuel consumption, opacity, and NOx emissions, Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 981-96.
  • Tauzia X., Maiboom A. and Shah SR., 2010, Experimental study of inlet manifold water injection on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection diesel engine. Energy, 35, 3628–39.
  • Tesfa B., Mishra R., Gu F. and Ball A.D., 2012, Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel, Renewable Energy, 37, 1, 333-344.
  • Tuti M., Şahin Z. and Durgun O., 2021, Experimental investigation of the effects of water addition into the intake air on cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate and combustion duration in an automotive diesel engine, 23rd Congree on Thermal Science and Technology, September 8-10, Gaziantep, Türkiye, 785–95.
  • Vigneswaran R., Balasubramanian D. and Sastha B.D.S., 2021, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of unmodified diesel engine with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano particle along with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel, Fuel, 285, 119115.
  • Zhang Z., Kang Z., Jiang L., Chao Y., Deng J., Hu Z., Li L. and Wu Z., 2017, Effect of direct water injection during compression stroke on thermal efficiency optimization of common rail diesel engine, Energy Procedia, 142, 1251-1258.
  • Zhanming C., Long W., Xiaochen W., Hao C., Limin G. and Nan G., 2022, Experimental study on the effect of water port injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methane dual-fuel engines, Fuel, 312, 122950.
  • Zhao R., Zhang Z., Zhuge W., Zhang Y. and Yin Y., 2018, Comparative study on different water/steam injection layouts for fuel reduction in a turbocompound diesel engine, Energy Conv. & Manag., 171, 1487-501.
  • Zhu S., Hu B., Akehurst S., Copeland C., Lewis A. and Yuan H., 2019, A review of water injection applied on the internal combustion engine, Energy Conv. & Management, 184,139–158.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İçten Yanmalı Motorlar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Tuti

Zehra Şahin

Orhan Durgun

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuti, M., Şahin, Z., & Durgun, O. (2023). EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE. Isı Bilimi Ve Tekniği Dergisi, 43(2), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1391437
AMA Tuti M, Şahin Z, Durgun O. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi. Kasım 2023;43(2):217-232. doi:10.47480/isibted.1391437
Chicago Tuti, Mustafa, Zehra Şahin, ve Orhan Durgun. “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE”. Isı Bilimi Ve Tekniği Dergisi 43, sy. 2 (Kasım 2023): 217-32. https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1391437.
EndNote Tuti M, Şahin Z, Durgun O (01 Kasım 2023) EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 43 2 217–232.
IEEE M. Tuti, Z. Şahin, ve O. Durgun, “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE”, Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi, c. 43, sy. 2, ss. 217–232, 2023, doi: 10.47480/isibted.1391437.
ISNAD Tuti, Mustafa vd. “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE”. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 43/2 (Kasım 2023), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1391437.
JAMA Tuti M, Şahin Z, Durgun O. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi. 2023;43:217–232.
MLA Tuti, Mustafa vd. “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE”. Isı Bilimi Ve Tekniği Dergisi, c. 43, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 217-32, doi:10.47480/isibted.1391437.
Vancouver Tuti M, Şahin Z, Durgun O. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ADDITION INTO THE INTAKE AIR ON COMBUSTION PARAMETERS, ENERGY BALANCE AND DEVELOPING AN EMPIRICAL COMBUSTION DURATION RELATION IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINE. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi. 2023;43(2):217-32.