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Bedenler Meselesi: Sylvia Plath’ ın “Lady Lazarus” ve Madeline Miller’ ın “Galatea” Eserlerinde Sağlamcı Bedenler, Maluliyet ve Bedensizleştirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.12.2023

Öz

Bu çalışma, iki Amerikalı kadın yazar, Sylvia Plath ve Madeline Miller’ın “Lady Lazarus” ve “Galatea” çalışmalarının bir incelemesini, Judith Butler’ın beden teorisi ile beden meselesi üzerine, nasıl oluşturulduklarını, hangilerinin önem arz ettiğini ve aslında nasıl “ata görüş” ve güç ilişkileri içinde söylemle güdümlendiğini önerir. Çalışma, sosyal olarak meşrulaştırılmış veya damgalanmış bedenler üzerine Butleryen görüşlerden yararlanılarak ve bunları sağlamcı/engelci bakış açılarına bağlayarak, iki metindeki tıbbı gözetim, kadın karakterlerin hastaneye yatırılmaları, nesneleştirmenin, bedenlenme ve bedensizleştirmenin bir sembolü olan bedensel imgelemeler gibi ortak motif ve kavramları incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu görüşlerin birbirlerine etkili olmak ve güçlenmek için gerekli koşulları sağladığı öne sürülmektedir. Dini ve kadim bağlamlarda zaten “meşru” olan iki karakter kullanan bu iki text, bunu kadın perspektifinden yapar. Tanrısal güçlerle hayat bağışlanmış bu İncil’e ait ve mitolojik iki karakter, insandan ziyade nesne sayılan kadınlar üzerindeki kontrole bedensel bir bağlam oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu iki kadın karakterin standartlara uymayan parçalanmış ve nesneleştirilmiş bedenlerinden kurtulunacaktır. Bu kadınların bedenlerini “kurtarma”, “iyileştirme” ve “normalleştirme” için eril çaba, dişi direnişiyle karşılaşır.

Kaynakça

  • Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that Matter. On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’. New York: Roudedge.
  • Campbell, F. K. (2009). Contours of Ableism. Production of Disability and Abledness. New York: Macmillan.
  • Cixous, H. (1976). The Laugh of the Medusa. The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 1, 4, 875-893.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Galla, E. (2017). Who Has Dismembered Us?”: Gender, Consumerism and Disability in Sylvia Plath’s Late Poems. In Kovács, A. Z.& Sári, L. B. (Eds.), Space, Gender and the Gaze in Literature and Art (pp. 2-17). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Kirkus, S. & Herr, M. S. (2022). Femininity as Disability in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar. University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal: Vol. 15, 3, 18-21.
  • Maxwell, C. (1993). Browning’s Pygmalion and the Revenge of Galatea. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 60, 4, 989-1013.
  • Miller, M. (2022). Galatea. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Mladanov, T. (2015). Critical Theory and Disability. A Phenomenological Approach. New York: Bloomsbury.
  • Montgomery, J.H. (1971). The American Galatea. National Council of Teachers of English, Vol. 32, 8, 890-899.
  • Plath, S. (1981). The Collected Poems. New York: HarperPerennial.
  • Showalter, E. (1985). The Female Malady. Women, Madness and English Culture. London: Penguin Books.
  • Thomas, C. ( 1999). Female Forms. Experiencing and Understanding Disability. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Wendell, S. (1996). The Rejected Body. Feminist Philosophical Reflections on Disability. New York: Routledge.
  • Woolf, V. (2002). On Being İll. Paris: Paris Press.

The Matter of Bodies: Ableist Bodies, Disablement and Disembodiment in Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” and Madeline Miller’s “Galatea”

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.12.2023

Öz

This paper aims to offer a reading of two American female writers’, Sylvia Plath and Madeline Miller’s, works “Lazy Lazarus” and “Galatea” through Judith Butler’s body theory on the “matter” of the bodies, what constitutes them, which ones do “matter” and how they are in fact discourse driven within the “male stream” views and power relations. By drawing on to Butlerian views on socially legitimized or stigmatized bodies, linking them to dis/ableist perspectives, the study attempts to analyse common motifs and concepts of medical supervision, hospitalisation of the woman characters, bodily imagery as representations of objectification, embodiment and disembodiment. It is suggested that these views provide the necessary circumstances for one another to prevail. The two texts using already “legit” two characters from religious and ancient contexts present a female perspective for them. The biblical and the mythological characters granted lives by “divine powers” set the bodily context for the control over females who are not regarded as human but objects. Not complying with the norms, the fragmented and objectified bodies of the female personas in the two texts are to be disposed of. The male “diligence” for “saving”, “bettering” and “normalizing” the female bodies confronts the female fend.

Kaynakça

  • Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that Matter. On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’. New York: Roudedge.
  • Campbell, F. K. (2009). Contours of Ableism. Production of Disability and Abledness. New York: Macmillan.
  • Cixous, H. (1976). The Laugh of the Medusa. The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 1, 4, 875-893.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Galla, E. (2017). Who Has Dismembered Us?”: Gender, Consumerism and Disability in Sylvia Plath’s Late Poems. In Kovács, A. Z.& Sári, L. B. (Eds.), Space, Gender and the Gaze in Literature and Art (pp. 2-17). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Kirkus, S. & Herr, M. S. (2022). Femininity as Disability in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar. University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal: Vol. 15, 3, 18-21.
  • Maxwell, C. (1993). Browning’s Pygmalion and the Revenge of Galatea. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 60, 4, 989-1013.
  • Miller, M. (2022). Galatea. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Mladanov, T. (2015). Critical Theory and Disability. A Phenomenological Approach. New York: Bloomsbury.
  • Montgomery, J.H. (1971). The American Galatea. National Council of Teachers of English, Vol. 32, 8, 890-899.
  • Plath, S. (1981). The Collected Poems. New York: HarperPerennial.
  • Showalter, E. (1985). The Female Malady. Women, Madness and English Culture. London: Penguin Books.
  • Thomas, C. ( 1999). Female Forms. Experiencing and Understanding Disability. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Wendell, S. (1996). The Rejected Body. Feminist Philosophical Reflections on Disability. New York: Routledge.
  • Woolf, V. (2002). On Being İll. Paris: Paris Press.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çeviri ve Yorum Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aslı Bayram 0000-0002-0390-6700

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayram, A. (2023). The Matter of Bodies: Ableist Bodies, Disablement and Disembodiment in Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” and Madeline Miller’s “Galatea”. Journal of English Language, 1(1), 1-13.