ÜRETİM İŞLETMELERİNDE ULUSLARARASILAŞMA ENGELLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEN KANITLAR

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 29 - 45, 13.04.2020

Çiğdem Baskıcı

Abstract

Uluslararasılaşma yalnızca işletmeler lehine yarattığı sonuçlar açısından değil özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomik gelişimi ve sürdürülebilir büyümesi açısından da kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Dolayısıyla işletmelerin uluslararasılaşma sürecine dahil olmalarını engelleyen durumlar uzun yıllardır hem bilim insanlarının hem de hükumetlerin gündeminde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye bağlamında üretim işletmelerinin uluslararasılaşmanın ilk aşaması olan ihracatta karşılaştıkları engelleri tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için üreticilerin konuya ilişkin değerlendirmelerinin ortak bir zeminde analiz edilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de reel sektörün en önemli temsilcilerinden Ankara Sanayi Odası’nın ülke, endüstri ve örgüt dinamiklerine ilişkin görüşleri doğrultusunda ihracat engelleri tespit edilmiştir. Tespitler 2007-2018 yıllarındaki 127 meclis konuşmalarının içerik analizi yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meclis konuşmaları üzerinden üreticiler için ihracat engellerini temsil edebilecek toplam 13 başlık belirlenmiştir. Buna göre üretim işletmelerinin ihracat açısından karşılaştıkları en önemli engel dış ekonomilerdeki gelişmelerdir. Bunu nitelikli işgücü eksikliği takip etmektedir. Döviz kuru ve işgücü maliyetleri ise takip eden diğer önemli engeller olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Uluslararasılaşma, İhracat, İhracat Engelleri, İçerik Analizi

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