HEGEMONYANIN SİYASAL VE FİNANSAL ETKİLEŞİMİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BIDEN DOKTRİNİ VE ABD-ÇİN REKABETİNİN TÜRK DÜNYASINA OLASI ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 81, 177 - 219, 27.03.2024

Mehmet Kuzu Fatih Kocaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1425243

Öz

Geniş anlamda “hegemonya” kavramı; herhangi bir sistemin ve bir sistem elemanın, başka bir sistem veya içinde bulunduğu sistemlerin işleyişi üzerinde etki edebilme ve belirleyici olabilmesi durumunu ifade etmektedir. Uluslararası ilişkiler ve alt disiplinleri olan uluslararası ekonomi ve siyaset anlamında hegemonya; bir ülkenin başka bir ülke üzerinde siyasal etki gücünü ifade etmektedir. Dünya savaşları sonrası ABD’de (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) iktidarda olan demokrat partili başkanların küresel siyaset paradigma ve stratejilerinin merkezinde ABD’nin tek hegemonik güç olduğu yeknesak bir küresel siyasi ve ekonomik düzeni tesis etme amacı yer almıştır. İkinci dünya savaşı sonrasında “Mahan” doktrini çerçevesinde denizleri kontrol eden ABD hegemonyası ve karasal jeopolitik doktrinini uygulayarak Avrasya dünyası karasal bölgesini kontrol eden SSCB (Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği) hegemonyasının birlikte var olduğu iki kutuplu bir uluslararası düzen inşa edilmiştir. 1991 yılında Sovyetlerin dağılması sonrası; ABD küresel düzene tek başına hükmeden bir hegemonik güce evrilmiştir. Bununla birlikte; Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti; 1978 yılında başlatılan reform süreci, devamında uygulanan “Perestroika (ekonomik açıklık politikaları)” ve “Glasnost” (siyasal açıklık politikaları) sonrasında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti 2000’li yıllar sonrası küresel düzende ABD’nin hegemonik rakibi olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; hegemonyanın ekonomi ve finans politiği çerçevesinde Biden doktrininin ve ABD-Çin rekabet dinamikleri ile bağlantısını hegemonya göstergeleri açısından saptamaktır. Daha sonra elde edilen sonuçların Türk dünyası ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti üzerindeki olası fırsat ve tehditleri belirlemektir. ABD ve Çin’in hegemonik rekabetinin boyutlarını her iki ülke açısından ölçmek için için SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analizi yöntemi seçilmiştir. Bu yöntem belirli bir koşulda bir olgu için olası kuvvet, zayıflık, fırsat ve tehditleri karşılaştırmayı sağlamaktadır. Bu yöntemin seçilmesinin temel nedeni ABD-Çin hegemonik rekabetinde tarafların birbirlerine karşı üstün ve zayıf yönleri ile birlikte bu rekabetin getirdiği ; ABD-Çin rekabet dinamikleri olası sonuçlarının Türk Dünyası açısından avantajlarının yanı sıra dezavantajlarının da olabileceği yargısıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hegemonya, Ekonomi Politik, ABD-Çin Rekabeti, Biden Doktrini, SWOT Analizi., Finansal Ekonomi

POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF RELATIONSHIP THE BIDEN DOCTRINE AND US-CHINA COMPETITION ON THE TURKISH WORLD WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF HEGEMONIA'S INTERECATION WITH POLITICAL SCIENCE AND FINANCIAL ECONOMY

Öz

The concept of “hegemony”, in the broadest sense refers to the situation where any system or system element can influence and be decisive in the functioning of another system or systems that it is inside these. Hegemony in terms of international relations and international economy and politics with its sub-disciplines refers to a country’s power to exert political influence over another country. After the World Wars, the aim of establishing a uniform global political and economic order, in which the USA was the only hegemonic power, was at the centre of the global political paradigm and strategies of the democratic party presidents in power in the USA (United States of America). After the Second World War, a bipolar international order was built in which the US hegemony controlling the seas within the framework of the Mahan doctrine and the hegemony of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) ruling the terrestrial region of the Eurasian world by applying the terrestrial geopolitical doctrine coexisted. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, The USA has evolved into a hegemonic power that dominates the global order alone. With this; People's Republic of China; After the reform process initiated in 1978, followed by "Perestroika (economic openness policies)" and "Glasnost" (political openness policies), the People's Republic of China emerged as the hegemonic rival of the USA in the global order after the 2000s. This study aims to determine the connection between the Biden doctrine and the dynamics of US-China competition in terms of hegemony indicators within the framework of economic and financial politics of hegemony. Then, the purpose of the results obtained is to determine the possible opportunities and threats on the Turkish world and the Republic of Türkiye. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis method was chosen to measure the dimensions of the hegemonic rivalry between the USA and China in terms of both countries. This method enables to compare the possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for a particular phenomenon in a given condition. The main reason for choosing this method is the strenghts and weaknesses of the parties against each other in the USA-China hegemonic rivalry; It provides the opportunity to evaluate the possible opportunities and threats brought by this competition together. However, The Turkish World and the Republic of Turkiye are not directly involved in this competition. For this reason, only the possible opportunities and threats that the US-Chinese competition will bring for the Turkish World and Turkiye have been determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hegemony, Political Economy, Financial Economy US-China Rivalry, Biden Doctrine, SWOT Analysis.

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