Olumsuz Çocukluk Deneyimlerini (ACE) ve Sonraki Yetişkin Psikopatolojilerini Bağlanma Teorisi Merceğinden Anlamak: Bir Görüş Makalesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 11, 309 - 333, 29.10.2023

Şeyda Eruyar Merve Yılmaz Panos Vostanis

https://doi.org/10.54557/karataysad.1348004

Öz

Olumsuz Çocukluk Yaşantıları (ÇOY), çocukluk döneminde travma potansiyeli taşıyan ve muhtemelen hem zihinsel hem de fiziksel refah üzerinde olumsuz, kalıcı etkilere yol açan tekrarlayan olaylardır. Boylamsal, klinik ve gözleme dayanan amprik araştırmalar, ihmal ve istismar benzeri çocukluk çağı olumsuz yaşantıları (ÇOY) ve hem çocukluk hem yetişkinlikte gözlemlenen psikopatolojiler arasındaki ilişkiyi desteklemektedir. ÇOY hem klinik hem de genel popülasyonda yaygın olarak rapor edildiğinden, etki mekanizmasını ve olası önleme yöntemlerini anlamak hayati önem taşımaktadır. Çoğunlukla üzerinde durulan biyolojik temelli açıklamalar, öğrenme teorileri ve bilişsel aracılara dayanan mekanizmaların yanı sıra, bulgular sosyal çevre ve kişilerarası ilişkilerin de ÇOY ve ilerleyen zamanlarda ortaya çıkan psikopatolojiler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayabileceğini önermektedir. Bu çeşitli modeller bize ÇOY’un daha sonraki psikolojik bozukluklar üzerindeki etkilerinin karmaşık olduğu ve eş zamanlı olarak ortaya çıktıkları konusunda fikir vermektedir. Bu çalışma bağlanma teorisinin ÇOY’lara sahip bireylerde ilerleyen zamanlarda ortaya çıkan psikopatolojileri açıklayan mekanizmalarla ilişkisi üzerine var olan alanyazına dair kapsamlı bir görüş sunmaktadır. Bağlanmanın ÇOY ve psikopatolojiler arasındaki ilişkide oynadığı rolü anlamak, ÇOY deneyimi olan bireyler için geliştirilecek önleme ve müdahale çalışmalarında potansiyel tedavi hedeflerinin belirlenmesinde faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk Çağı Olumsuz Yaşantıları, Psikopatoloji, Bağlanma

Proje Numarası

n/a

UNDERSTANDING ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) AND SUBSEQUENT ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES THROUGH THE LENS OF ATTACHMENT THEORY: A POSITION PAPER

Öz

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are recurring incidents during childhood that hold the potential for traumatic impact and possibly lead to negative, lasting impacts on both mental and physical well-being. Ample evidence, established by longitudinal, clinical, and observational studies, shows the relationship between ACEs, such as abuse and neglect, and psychopathology in both the early years of life and in adulthood. Since ACEs are commonly reported in both clinical and general populations, it is vital to understand the mechanisms of impact and possible prevention methods. Besides biological explanations, learning theories and cognitive mediators that have been mostly used to understand the mechanisms that led to subsequent psychopathologies, emerging evidence suggests social environment and interpersonal relationships might explain the association between ACEs and subsequent psychopathology. These various models provide us with insights that the effects of ACEs on later psychological disorders are intricate and occur simultaneously. This study aims to provide a comprehensive position on how attachment theory is relevant to understand the mechanism that led to subsequent psychopathologies in individuals with ACEs. It is important to understand the role of attachment in the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology to identify potential treatment targets of prevention and intervention for individuals who experienced ACEs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Attachment

Destekleyen Kurum

n/a

Proje Numarası

n/a

Teşekkür

n/a

Kaynakça

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