İnsansız Hava Araçları Tarafından Gerçekleştirilen Hedef Alarak Öldürmelerde Devlet Sorumluluğu: Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk İlkeleri Merceğinden Bir Analiz

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 27, 81 - 126, 15.01.2024

Muhammed Enes Bayrak

Öz

Bu çalışma, insansız hava araçlarıyla gerçekleştirilen hedef alarak öldürmenin özü itibarıyla Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk (UİH) ilkeleriyle tutarlı olup olmadığını incelemektedir. Yaygın olarak kabul edilen olumsuz algıya rağmen bu çalışma, hedef alarak öldürmenin UİH ile uyumlu olabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Bunun nedeni, hedef alarak öldürmenin, diğer saldırı türlerine kıyasla UİH ilkelerine uygun olabilme hususunda benzersiz avantajlar sunmasıdır. Ancak otonom insansız hava araçlarının kullanımı UİH açısından önemli bir risk teşkil etmekte ve uluslararası yükümlülükleri ihlal etme riski barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, otonom insansız hava araçlarının verileri doğru bir şekilde analiz edemeyebileceğini ele almaktadır. Bu da sivillerin zarar görmesi ile elde edilmesi beklenen askeri avantaj arasında gerekli dengeyi sağlamada zorluklarla karşılaşmalarına neden olabilecektir. Sonuç olarak otonom insansız hava araçlarının UİH ilkelerine, özellikle de orantılılık ilkesine uymadığı ileri sürülmektedir. Çalışma, otonom insansız hava araçlarının eylemlerinin devlete atfedilebilirliği konusunu incelemekte ve bunların Devletin ajanları olarak görülmesi gerekliliği sebebiyle eylemlerinin Devlete atfedilebilir olduğunu önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hedef alarak öldürme, Devlet sorumluluğu, uluslararası insancıl hukuk, insansız hava aracı, UİH ilkeleri

Etik Beyan

There is no requirement of Ethics Committee Approval for this study.

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR TARGETED KILLINGS BY DRONES: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE LENS OF IHL PRINCIPLES

Öz

This study analyses whether targeted killing by drones is inherently consistent with International Humanitarian Law (IHL) principles. Despite its commonly held negative perception, this study contends that targeted killing can align with IHL. This is due to the targeted killing method of drone strikes offering the unique advantage of being in accordance with IHL principles compared to other forms of attacks. However, the use of autonomous drones poses a significant risk to IHL and is likely to violate international obligations. This study discusses that autonomous drones may be unable to analyze data accurately and extract valuable insights. This could cause them to face difficulties in maintaining the necessary balance between civilian harm and anticipated military advantage. As a result, it is argued that autonomous drones are unable to adhere to the IHL principles, particularly the principle of proportionality. The study examines the attribution issue of autonomous drones and proposes that they should be regarded as agents of the State, making their actions attributable to the State.

Anahtar Kelimeler

targeted killing, State responsibility, international humanitarian law, drone, IHL principles

Kaynakça

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