Yapraktan Uygulanan Glisin Betainin Kısıtlı Su Stresi Altındaki Avrupa Armutlarına (Pyrus communis L.) Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 184 - 189, 18.12.2023

Melih Aydınlı İbrahim Gür Bahar Türkeli Mesut Altındal Cenk Küçükyumuk

https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1196872

Öz

Kuraklık stresi, birçok ürün grubunda olduğu gibi bahçe bitkilerinde de yetiştiriciliği kısıtlamaktadır. Yetiştiriciliği sınırlanan türler arasında armut (Pyrus ssp.) gelmektedir. Bitkiler stres faktörlerini dışsal uygulamalar ile kısmen yönetilebilmektedir. Önemli bir ozmolit olan glisin betain, kuraklık stresi gibi olumsuz çevre koşullarında osmotik basıncın düzenlenmesinde katkı sağlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada 18lt’lik saksılardaki bir yaşlı Ankara/BA 29 ve Deveci/BA 29 fidanlarına tarla kapasitesinin %50’si (orta stres) ve %25’i (ağır stres) kadar kısıtlı sulama suyu uygulanarak stres oluşturulmuştur. Stres uygulamalarının başında (0. gün) yapraktan 0 mM (kontrol) ve 10 mM glisin betain (GB) uygulamaları yapılmış, bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametreler değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre zararlanma derecesi stres sonucunda artmış ancak GB uygulamaları daha düşük puanlara sahip olmuşlardır. Membran stabilitesi kontrole kıyasla 10 mM GB uygulamalarında önemli şekilde artmıştır. İlaveten membran stabilitesi üzerine GB konsantrasyonu x stres şiddeti interaksiyonu önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar yapraktan uygulanan glisin betainin kısıtlı su stresi altındaki Avrupa armutlarında oluşan stresi hafifletebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pyrus communis L., su kısıtı, glisin betain, tolerans

Destekleyen Kurum

Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü

Teşekkür

Araştırmanın yürütülmesinde, sera ve laboratuvarlarının kullanılmasına olanak sağlayan Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne teşekkür ederiz.

Effect of Foliar Treatment Glycine Betaine on European Pears (Pyrus communis L.) Under Water-Deficit Stress

Öz

Drought stress restricts the cultivation of horticultural crops, as in many product groups. Pear (Pyrus ssp.) is among these species that cultivation is restricted. Plants can partially manage stress factors with external treatments. Glycine betaine, an important osmolyte, contributes to the regulation of osmotic pressure in adverse environmental conditions such as drought stress. In the study, stress was created by applying limited irrigation water to 50% (medium stress) and 25% (heavy stress) of the field capacity to one-year-old Ankara/BA 29 and Deveci/BA 29 saplings in 18lt pots. At the beginning of the stress treatments (day 0), 0 mM (control) and 10 mM glycine betaine (GB) were applied to the leaves, and some morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated. Accordingly, the degree of injury increased as a result of stress, but GB treatments had lower scores. Membrane stability increased significantly in 10 mM GB treatments compared to the control. Additionally, the interaction of GB concentration x stress intensity was found to be important on membrane stability. The results show that foliar treatment of glycine betaine can alleviate stress in European pears under water-deficit stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pyrus communis L., water-deficit, glycine betaine, tolerance

Kaynakça

• Al Busaidi KTS, Farag KM, 2015. The Use of Electrolyte Leakage Procedure in Assessing Heat and Salt Tolerance of Ruzaiz Date Palm (Pheonix Dactylifera L.) Cultivar Regenerated by Tissue Culture and Offshoots and Treatments to Alleviate the Stressful Injury. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 7(4): 104-111.
• Aldesuquy HS, Abbas MA, Abo-Hamed SA, Elhakem AH, 2013. Does Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Ameliorate the Negative Effect of Drought on Wheat by Regulating Osmotic Adjustment through Solutes Accumulation? Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry 9(3): 5-22.
• Ali Rezaei M, Jokar I, Ghorbanli M, Kaviani B, Kharabian-Masouleh A, 2012. Morpho-Physiological Improving Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on Tomato ('Lycopersicum Esculentum'mill.) Cv. PS under Drought Stress Conditions. Plant Omics 5(2): 79-86.
• Anjum SA, Saleem MF, Wang LC, Bilal MF, Saeed A, 2012. Protective Role of Glycine betaine in Maize Against Drought-Induced Lipid Peroxidation by Enhancing Capacity of Antioxidative System. Australian Journal of Crop Science 6(4): 576-583.
• Ashraf M, Foolad MR, 2007. Roles of Glycine Betaine and Proline in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59(2): 206-216.
• Bakır AG, Bolat I, Korkmaz K, Hasan MM, Kaya O, 2022. Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Silicon Applications Alleviate Water Stress in Apricots. Life 12(9): 1454.
• Bohnert HJ, Jensen RG, 1996. Strategies for Engineering Water-Stress Tolerance in Plants. Trends in Biotechnology 14(3): 89-97.
• Bolat I, Bakır AG, Korkmaz K, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Kaya O, 2022. Silicon and Nitric Oxide Applications Allow Mitigation of Water Stress in Myrobalan 29C Rootstocks (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.). Agriculture 12(8): 1273.
• Chowdhury JA, Karim MA, Khaliq QA, Ahmed AU, 2017. Effect of Drought Stress on Bio-Chemical Change and Cell Membrane Stability of Soybean Genotypes. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42(3): 475-485.
• Demiral T, Türkan I, 2004. Does Exogenous Glycine Betaine Affect Antioxidative System of Rice Seedlings under NaCl Treatment? Journal of Plant Physiology 161(10): 1089-1100.
• FAO (2020): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat. Accessed 12 October, 2022.
• Gür İ, 2018. Su Stresi Uygulamalarının Bazı Armut Anaçlarında Morfolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişimlere Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 134s, Isparta.
• He C, Zhang W, Gao Q, Yang A, Hu X, Zhang J, 2011. Enhancement of Drought Resistance and Biomass by Increasing The Amount of Glycine Betaine in Wheat Seedlings. Euphytica  177: 151-167.
• Hussain M, Malik MA, Farooq M, Ashraf MY, Cheema MA, 2008. Improving Drought Tolerance by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid in Sunflower. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 194(3): 193-199.
• Kalefetoğlu T, Ekmekçi Y, 2005. Bitkilerde Kuraklık Stresinin Etkileri ve Dayanıklılık Mekanizmaları. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18(4): 723-740.
• Kılınçoğlu N, Cevheri Cİ, Cevheri C, Nahya HY, 2021. Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine Application on Some Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Cotton (G. hirsutum L.) Plants Grown in Different Drought Levels. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 5(4): 689-700.
• Kıran S, Kuşvuran Ş, Özkay F, Ellialtıoğlu Ş, 2015. Domates, Patlıcan ve Kavun Genotiplerinin Kuraklığa Dayanım Durumlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Olarak İncelenen Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 4(2): 9-25.
• Kuşvuran Ş, Abak K, 2012. Kavun Genotiplerinin Kuraklık Stresine Tepkileri. Ç.Ü Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28(5): 79-87.
• Larher FR, Lugan R, Gagneul D, Guyot S, Monnier C, Lespinasse Y, Bouchereau A, 2009. A Reassessment of the Prevalent Organic Solutes Constitutively Accumulated and Potentially Involved in Osmotic Adjustment in Pear Leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(2): 230-241.
• Li R, Shi F, Fukuda K, 2010. Interactive Effects of Various Salt and Alkali Stresses on Growth, Organic Solutes, and Cation Accumulation in A Halophyte Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany 68(1): 66-74.
• Liu N, Lin S, Huang B, 2017. Differential Effects of Glycine Betaine and Spermidine on Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant Defense Contributing to Improved Drought Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142(1): 20-26.
• Lv S, Yang A, Zhang K, Wang L, Zhang J, 2007. Increase of glycine Betaine Synthesis Improves Drought Tolerance in Cotton. Molecular Breeding 20(3): 233-248.
• Mahouachi J, Argamasilla R, Gómez-Cadenas A, 2012. Influence of Exogenous Glycine Betaine and Abscisic Acid on Papaya in Responses to Water-Deficit Stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 31(1): 1-10. Mansour MMF, 2000. Nitrogen Containing Compounds and Adaptation of Plants to Salinity Stress. Biologia Plantarum 43(4): 491-500.
• Meltem Pıtır M, 2015. Biber Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Su Kısıtlarının Meydana Getirdiği Fizyolojik, Morfolojik Ve Kimyasal Değişikliklerin Belirlenmesi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 85s, Tekirdağ.
• Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M, 2016. Roles of Osmolytes in Plant Adaptation to Drought and Salinity. In Osmolytes and Plants Acclimation to Changing Environment: Emerging Omics Technologies. pp. 37-68.
• Niu T, Zhang T, Qiao Y, Wen P, Zhai G, Liu E, Al-Bakre DA, Al-Harbi MS, GAo X, Yang X. 2021. Glycine Betaine Mitigates Drought Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Pears. Plos one 16(11):1-20.
• Oukarroum A, El Madidi S, Strasser RJ, 2012. Exogenous Glycine Betaine and Proline Play a Protective Role in Heat-Stressed Barley Leaves (Hordeum Vulgare L.): A Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Study. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 146(4): 1037-1043.
• Parisa S, Reza A, Eslam M, Hashem H, Mozafar R, Babak N, Alipoor MA, Foad M, 2012. Relationship Between Drought Stress and Some Antioxidant Enzymes with Cell Membrane and Chlorophyll Stability in Wheat Lines. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6(3): 617-623.
• Premchandra GS, Saneoka A, Ogato S, 1990. Cell Membrane Stability, an İndicator of Drought Tolerance, as Affected by Applied Nitrogen in Soybean. Journal of Agricultural Science 115(1): 63-66.
• Quan R, Shang, M, Zhang, H, Zhao Y, Zhang J, 2004. Engineering of Enhanced Glycine Betaine Synthesis Improves Drought Tolerance in Maize. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2: 477-486.
• Rahman AEMF, Ansary AL, Rizkalla AA, Badr-Elden AMB, 2007. Micropropagation and Biochemical Genetic Markers Detection for Drought and Salt Tolerance of Pear Rootstock. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1(4): 625-636.
• Rahman MS, Miyake H, Takeoka Y, 2002. Effects of Exogenous Glycinebetaine on Growth and Ultrastructure of Salt-Stressed Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Production Science 5(1): 33-44.
• Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Jutur PP, Sumithra K, 2004. Differential Antioxidative Responses to Water Stress Among Five Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52(1): 33-42.
• Sairam RK, 1994. Effect of Moisture Stress on Physiological Activities of Two Contrasting Wheat Genotypes. Indian Journal and Experimental Biology 32: 584-593.
• Serraj R, Sinclair TR, 2002. Osmolyte Accumulation: Can It Really Help Increase Crop Yield under Drought Conditions? Plant, Cell and Environment 252: 333-341.
• Shan T, Jin P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, 2016. Exogenous Glycine Betaine Treatment Enhances Chilling Tolerance of Peach Fruit During Cold Storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 114: 104-110.
• Shemi R, Wang R, El-Sayed M, Gheith S, Hussain HA, Hussain S, Irfan M, Cholidah L, Zhang K, Zhang S, Wang L, 2021. Effects of Salicylic Acid, Zinc and Glycine Betaine on Morpho-Physiological Growth and Yield of Maize under Drought Stress. Scientific Reports  11(3195): 1-14.
• Sivritepe N, Sivritepe HO, Eriş A, 2003. The Effects of NaCl Priming on Salt Tolerance in Melon Seedlings Grown under Saline Conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 97(3-4): 229-237.
• Xing W, Rajashekar CB, 1999. Alleviation of Water Stress in Beans by Exogenous Glycine Betaine. Plant Science 148(2): 185-192.
• Yancey PH, Clark ME, Hand SC, Bowlus RD, Somer GN, 1982. Living with Water Stress: Evolution of Osmolyte System. Science 217: 1214-1222.
• Yang A, Zhang Wang L,  Zhang J, 2007. K,  Increase of Glycinebetaine Synthesis Improves Drought Tolerance in Cotton Sulian Lv. Molecular Breeding  20: 233-248.
• Yang WJ, Rich PJ, Axtell JD, Wood KV, Bonham CC, Ejeta G, Mickelbar MV, Rhodes D, 2003. Genotypic Variation for Glycine Betaine in Sorghum. Crop Science 43(1): 162-169.
• Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M, Siddique KH, 2022. Role of Glycine Betaine in the Thermotolerance of Plants. Agronomy 12(2): 276.