AKILLI SÖZLEŞME PLATFORMLARININ GELİŞİMİ: GÜNCEL TRENDLERE VE GELECEK YÖNLERE BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 46 - 55, 31.12.2023

Tunahan Timuçin Serdar Biroğul

https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1280985

Öz

Blockchain tabanlı akıllı sözleşmeler, çeşitli ticari faaliyetleri otomatikleştirebilen kendi kendine çalışan bilgisayar programlarıdır. Şu anda, bu merkezi olmayan uygulamaların çoğu Polkadot, Cardano ve Ethereum gibi akıllı sözleşme platformları kullanılarak geliştirilmektedir. Bu makale, mevcut teknolojik gelişmeleri ve gelecekteki olası uygulamaları analiz etmenin yanı sıra, akıllı sözleşme platformlarının tarihsel bir incelemesini sunar. Çalışma, blockchain tabanlı uygulamaları desteklemek ve merkezi olmayan finansı (DeFi) etkinleştirmek için akıllı sözleşme platformlarının önemini vurguluyor. Ayrıca, katman-2 ölçeklendirme çözümlerinin ortaya çıkışına, değiştirilemez tokenlerin (NFT'ler) tanıtımına ve farklı akıllı sözleşme platformları arasında artan birlikte çalışabilirlik ihtiyacına bakar. Makale ayrıca çok zincirli akıllı sözleşmelerin potansiyeline, kuantum hesaplamanın etkilerine, AI ve ML teknolojilerinin akıllı sözleşme platformlarıyla entegrasyonuna ve akıllı sözleşme platformlarının merkezi olmayan özerk kuruluşları (DAO'lar) destekleme potansiyeline de bakıyor. Akıllı sözleşme platformlarını genişletmenin zorlukları, akıllı sözleşmelerin oluşturulmasında tekdüzelik gerekliliği ve akıllı sözleşme platformlarının sağlık, emlak ve tedarik zinciri yönetimi gibi sektörlerde devrim yaratma potansiyeli de ele alınmaktadır. Rapor, akıllı sözleşme platformlarında devam eden yenilik ve geliştirmenin, sona yaklaşırken blok zincir ekosisteminin genişletilmesi için önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akıllı Sözleşme Platformları, Blockchain teknolojisi, Merkezi olmayan uygulamalar

THE EVOLUTION OF SMART CONTRACT PLATFORMS: A LOOK AT CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Öz

Blockchain-based smart contracts are self-running computer programs that can automate a variety of commercial activities. Currently, the majority of these decentralized applications are developed using smart contract platforms like Polkadot, Cardano, and Ethereum. In addition to analyzing current technology developments and prospective future applications, this article provides a historical review of smart contract platforms. The study emphasizes the significance of smart contract platforms for supporting blockchain-based applications and enabling decentralized finance (DeFi). It also looks at the emergence of layer-2 scaling solutions, the introduction of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and the growing need of interoperability among different smart contract platforms. The article also looks at the potential for multi-chain smart contracts, the effects of quantum computing, the integration of AI and ML technologies with smart contract platforms, and the potential for smart contract platforms to support decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). The difficulties of expanding smart contract platforms, the requirement for uniformity in the creation of smart contracts, and the potential for smart contract platforms to revolutionize sectors like healthcare, real estate, and supply chain management are also covered. The paper emphasizes the significance of ongoing innovation and development in smart contract platforms for the expansion of the blockchain ecosystem as it draws to a close.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smart Contract Platforms, Blockchain technology, Decentralized applications

Kaynakça

• Szabo, N., Smart contracts: Building blocks for digital markets. Extropy, 1996.
• Nakamoto, S., Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2008.
• Swan, M., Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O'Reilly Media, Inc, 2015.
• Jensen, J. R., von Wachter, V., and Ross, O., “An introduction to decentralized finance (defi)”, Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, (26), 46-54, 2021.
• Hill, B., Chopra, S., Valencourt, P., and Prusty, N., Blockchain Developer's Guide: Develop smart applications with Blockchain technologies-Ethereum, JavaScript, Hyperledger Fabric, and Corda. Packt Publishing Ltd, 2018.
• Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, W., Chen, X., Weng, J., and Imran, M., “An overview on smart contracts: Challenges, advances and platforms”, Future Generation Computer Systems, 105, 475-491, 2020.
• Lee, S. M., Park, S., and Park, Y. B., “Formal specification technique in smart contract verification”, In 2019 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2019.
• Staifi, N., and Belguidoum, M., “Adapted smart home services based on smart contracts and service level agreements”, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 33(23), e6208, 2021.
• Li, Z., Guo, H., Wang, W. M., Guan, Y., Barenji, A. V., Huang, G. Q., ... and Chen, X., “A blockchain and automl approach for open and automated customer service”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 15(6), 3642-3651, 2019.
• Buterin, V., A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform., Ethereum White Paper, 2014.
• Hoskinson, C., Cardano: a decentralized blockchain and cryptocurrency project., Cardano White Paper, 2018.
• Wood, G., Polkadot: Vision for a Heterogeneous Multi-Chain Framework. Polkadot White Paper, 2014.
• Li, Z., Xiao, B., Guo, S., and Yang, Y., “Securing Deployed Smart Contracts and DeFi with Distributed TEE Cluster”. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2022.
• Eikmanns, B. C., Mehrwald, P., Sandner, P. G., and Welpe, I. M., “Decentralised finance platform ecosystems: conceptualisation and outlook”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1-13, 2023.
• Zhang, T., Li, J., and JIANG, X., “Supply chain finance based on smart contract”, Procedia Computer Science, 187, 12-17, 2021.
• Wang, L., Xu, L., Zheng, Z., Liu, S., Li, X., Cao, L., ... and Sun, C., “Smart contract-based agricultural food supply chain traceability”, IEEE Access, 9, 9296-9307, 2021.
• Ullah, F., and Al-Turjman, F., “A conceptual framework for blockchain smart contract adoption to manage real estate deals in smart cities”, Neural Computing and Applications, 1-22, 2021.
• Huh, J. H., and Kim, S. K., “Verification plan using neural algorithm blockchain smart contract for secure P2P real estate transactions”, Electronics, 9(6), 1052, 2020.
• Raj, A., and Prakash, S., “Smart Contract-Based Secure Decentralized Smart Healthcare System”, International Journal of Software Innovation (IJSI), 11(1), 1-20, 2023.
• Abid, A., Cheikhrouhou, S., Kallel, S., Tari, Z., and Jmaiel, M., “A Smart Contract-Based Access Control Framework For Smart Healthcare Systems”, The Computer Journal, 2022.
• Khatoon, A., “A blockchain-based smart contract system for healthcare management”, Electronics, 9(1), 94, 2020.
• Shaidullin, A., & Komarov, M., “Another Approach of DeFi: P2P Smart Contracts”, In 2022 IEEE 24th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), Vol. 2, pp. 97-103, IEEE, 2022.
• Kim, H., Kim, H. S., & Park, Y. S., “Perpetual Contract NFT as Collateral for DeFi Composability”, IEEE Access, 10, 126802-126814, 2022.
• Anand, A., and Seetharaman, A., “ENABLING SMART LOGISTICS THROUGH INTEROPERABILITY OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN ECOSYSTEM”, International Journal of Early Childhood, 14(03), 2022.
• Zichichi, M., Rodríguez-Doncel, V., and Ferretti, S., The use of Decentralized and Semantic Web Technologies for Personal Data Protection and Interoperability. In AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems XI-XII: AICOL International Workshops 2018 and 2020: AICOL-XI@ JURIX 2018, AICOL-XII@ JURIX 2020, XAILA@ JURIX 2020, Revised Selected Papers XII (pp. 328-335), Springer International Publishing, 2021.
• Gia, K. H., Luong, H. H., Vo, H. K., Trong, P. N., Dang, K. T., Le Van, H., ... and Ngan, N. T. K., “Delivery Management System based on Blockchain, Smart Contracts and NFT: A Case Study in Vietnam”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(1), 2023.
• Wu, C. H., and Liu, C. Y., “Educational Applications of Non-Fungible Token (NFT)”, Sustainability, 15(1), 7, 2023.
• "OpenSea", 2017, <https://opensea.io/>. (11 April 2023).
• "Superrare", 2017, <https://superrare.com/>. (11 April 2023).
• Neiheiser, R., Inácio, G., Rech, L., Montez, C., Matos, M., and Rodrigues, L., “Practical Limitations of Ethereum’s Layer-2”, IEEE Access, 2023.
• Al-mutar, F. H., Ucan, O. N., and Ibrahim, A. A., “Providing scalability and privacy for smart contract in the healthcare system”, Optik, 271, 170077, 2022.
• Dwivedi, V., Norta, A., Wulf, A., Leiding, B., Saxena, S., and Udokwu, C., “A formal specification smart-contract language for legally binding decentralized autonomous organizations”, IEEE access, 9, 76069-76082, 2021.
• Rikken, O., Janssen, M., and Kwee, Z., “Governance challenges of blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations”, Information Polity, 24(4), 397-417, 2019.
• Murray, A., Kuban, S., Josefy, M., and Anderson, J., “Contracting in the smart era: The implications of blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations for contracting and corporate governance”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(4), 622-641, 2021.
• Cai, Z., Qu, J., Liu, P., and Yu, J., “A blockchain smart contract based on light-weighted quantum blind signature”, IEEE Access, 7, 138657-138668, 2019.
• Sun, X., Kulicki, P., and Sopek, M., “Logic Programming with Post-Quantum Cryptographic Primitives for Smart Contract on Quantum-Secured Blockchain”, Entropy, 23(9), 1120, 2021.
• Xiong, W., and Xiong, L., “Smart contract based data trading mode using blockchain and machine learning”, IEEE Access, 7, 102331-102344, 2019.
• Xing, C., Chen, Z., Chen, L., Guo, X., Zheng, Z., and Li, J., “A new scheme of vulnerability analysis in smart contract with machine learning”, Wireless Networks, 1-10, 2020.
• Monteiro, E., Righi, R., Kunst, R., da Costa, C., and Singh, D., “Combining Natural Language Processing and Blockchain for Smart Contract Generation in the Accounting and Legal Field”, In Intelligent Human Computer Interaction: 12th International Conference, IHCI 2020, Daegu, South Korea, November 24–26, 2020, Proceedings, Part I 12 (pp. 307-321), Springer International Publishing, 2021.
• Timucin, T., BİROĞUL, S., “A survey: Making “Smart Contracts” really smart”, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(11), e4338, 2021.
• Bischof, E., Botezatu, A., Jakimov, S., Suharenko, I., Ostrovski, A., Verbitsky, A., ... and Zmudze, G., “Longevity Foundation: Perspective on Decentralized Autonomous Organization for Special-Purpose Financing”, IEEE Access, 10, 33048-33058, 2022.
• Wang, S., Ding, W., Li, J., Yuan, Y., Ouyang, L., and Wang, F. Y., “Decentralized autonomous organizations: Concept, model, and applications”, IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 6(5), 870-878, 2019.
• Sürücü, O., Yeprem, U., Wilkinson, C., Hilal, W., Gadsden, S. A., Yawney, J., ... and Giuliano, A., “A survey on ethereum smart contract vulnerability detection using machine learning”, Disruptive Technologies in Information Sciences VI, 12117, 110-121, 2022.
• Khan, S., Amin, M. B., Azar, A. T., and Aslam, S., “Towards interoperable blockchains: A survey on the role of smart contracts in blockchain interoperability”, IEEE Access, 9, 116672-116691, 2021.
• Sookhak, M., Jabbarpour, M. R., Safa, N. S., and Yu, F. R., “Blockchain and smart contract for access control in healthcare: a survey, issues and challenges, and open issues”, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 178, 102950, 2021.