OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU VE BİLİŞSEL TEORİLER

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 10 - 20, 05.06.2018

Esra Zıvralı Yarar

https://doi.org/10.33817/muhakeme.410468

Öz

Otizm
spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), yaşam boyu süren nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur.
OSB’nin toplumdaki yaygınlığı kayda değer derecede yüksektir ve başta genetik
olmak üzere bilişsel ve çevresel birçok faktörün OSB’nin ortaya çıkmasında
etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Günümüzde OSB tanısı halen davranışsal belirtilerin
değerlendirilmesine dayanmaktadır. Bunun yanında, araştırmalar OSB’nin karmaşık
etiyolojik, genetik ve fenotipik örüntülere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüm
bunlar göz ününde bulundurulduğunda, OSB belirtilerinin birbiriyle olan
ilişkileri kadar söz konusu belirtilerin birbirinden bağımsız olarak da
incelenmesinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Nörogelişimsel bir bozukluk olan
OSB’nin anlaşılmasında bilişsel teorilerin katkıları oldukça fazladır.
Özellikle, zihin kuramı, yürütücü işlevler disfonksiyonu ve merkezi bütünleşme,
OSB’nin davranışsal belirtilerini anlamamızda büyük katkıları olan temel
bilişsel teorilerdir. Bu makalede, OSB’yi anlamamızda büyük katkıları olan bu
üç önemli bilişsel teori ve bu teorilerin OSB semptomlarıyla ilişkileri
bakımından kendi aralarındaki örüntülere değinilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

otizm spektrum bozukluğu, bilişsel teoriler, yürütücü işlevler, merkezi bütünleşme, zihin kuramı

Kaynakça

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