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Mahmud Yunus and His Work Titled Tafsir Quran Karim

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 3, 61 - 82, 30.11.2023

Öz

This article intends to discuss Mahmud Yunus, one of the prominent figures in modern-era Indonesian education and exegesis, his life, works, and one of his most monumental works that he successfully wrote, entitled Tafsir Quran Karim. Mahmud Yunus played a significant role in the field of interpretation and translation of the Quran for the first generation in Indonesia, in which his interpretation work is called a pioneer of Quranic translation and exegesis in the 20th century and has become a reference for a wider community in Southeast Asia. At that time, access to religious material, especially in the field of Quranic translation and interpretation, was very rare. Many scholars even believed that it was forbidden to translate the Quran into the other languages including the Indonesian. The Quran, as a book in Arabic, had to be read and understood in its original language, which posed a challenge for non-Arabic-speaking communities, including the majority of Indonesian society, who did not have the ability to comprehend Arabic. Tafsir Quran Karim is a work of translation and exegesis that fully translates and explains the contents of the Quran into Indonesian language, based on the sequence of the Mushaf in 30 chapters. This interpretation was written in simple and concise language, intended for the general Indonesian-speaking community. The discussion in this article will focus on several points, including the biography and life of Mahmud Yunus, the background of the writing of Tafsir Quran Karim, the characteristics of the interpretation, the reference sources, and the methodology of interpretation. This article aims to introduce Mahmud Yunus and his work Tafsir Quran Karim, as well as the model of Quranic interpretation in the modern era in the Southeast Asian region, especially in Indonesia. Mahmud Yunus used various methods of interpretation in his work to explain the Quran. Among them are the interpretation of the Quran with the Quran, interpretation with the narrations of Hadith, opinions of scholars, the use of asbāb al-nuzūl, munāsabah, as well as the use of rationality and Sufi approach. In addition, this interpretation also explains the Quran by using modern scientific approaches, especially to reveal the miraculous and wondrous aspects of the Quran.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulloh, Muhammad. “Pembaharuan Pemikiran Mahmud Yunus Tentang Pendidikan Islam Dan Relevansinya Dengan Pendidikan Modern.” Jurnal Al-Murabbi 5/2 (2020), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.35891/amb.v5i2.2109
  • Ābid, Aḥmad Maḥmūd Muḥammad. al-ʿAql bayna al-Firāq al-Islāmiyah Qadīman wa Hadīthan. Beyrut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 2012.
  • Akhyar, Faijul. Diskursus Metodologi Dan Karya-Karya Tafsir al-Quran Generasi Awal Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2021.
  • Albasiroh, Anisa. Terjemahan Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Karȋm Karya Mahmud Yunus: Kalimat Majemuk Subordinatif Hubungan Komplementasi Dalam Surat Al-Baqarah. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Undergraduate Thesis, 2015. http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/31965
  • Amnesti, Muhammad Esa Prasastia. “Karakteristik Penafsiran Alquran Dan Tafsirnya Karya Tim Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.” Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies 1/2 (August 6, 2021), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v1i2.18
  • Andriawan, Didik. “Bisri Mustofa And His Work Entitling Al-Ibrīz Li Maʿrifati Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Azīz.” Din ve Bilim-Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (2022), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1117011
  • Baidan, Nashruddin. Perkembangan Tafsir Al-Qur’an Di Indonesia. Solo: Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri, Cet. 1., 2003.
  • Demirci, Muhsin. Tefsir Usulü. İstanbul: İFAV Yayınları, 74th Ed., 2019.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Tafsīr Wa al-Mufassirūn. 3 Volume. Cairo: Maktabatu Wahba, 7th Ed., no date.
  • Fajri, Muhammad. “Dynamics of The Study of The Quran in Indonesia: Language and Paradigm.” Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies 5/1 (August 29, 2021), 59. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v5i1.4130
  • Halimatussa’diyah. Karakteristik Tafsir Di Indonesia: Analisis Terhadap Tafsir Juz ’Amma Risālat Al-Qawl Al-Bayān Dan Kitāb Al- Burhān. Jakarta: Sakata Cendikia, 2020.
  • Hamzah, Syeh Hawib. “Pemikiran Mahmud Yunus Dalam Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia.” Dinamika Ilmu 14/1 (2014), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v14i1.18
  • Hasanah, Niswatin. Konsep Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Mahmud Yunus. IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2009.
  • Ibn Asad al-Maḥāsibī, Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥārith. Fahmu’l-Qur’ān Wa Maʿānih. ed. Husayn al-Qūtilī. 1 Volume. Beirut: Dāru’l-Fikr, Dāru’l-Kindī, 2nd Ed., no date.
  • Ibrahim, Sulaiman. “Karakteristik Tafsîr Al-Qur’ân Al-Karîm Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Jurnal Al-Ulum 11/2 (2011), 397–420.
  • Jamal, Khairunnas. “Wawasan Keindonesiaan Dalam Tafsir Al Qur’an Al Karim Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 16/1 (2017), 28–44.
  • Khader Ahmad, K. M. “Ketokohan Mahmud Yunus Dalam Bidang Tafsir Al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Kitab Tafsir Qur’an Karim.” The 2nd Annual International QuranicConference 2012 (MUQADDAS), 2012.
  • Mujahidin, Anwar. “Hubungan Kebudayaan Tafsir Indonesia Analisis Kisah Ibrahim Dan Musa Dalam Tafsir Karya Mahmud Yunus, Hamka, Dan M. Quraish Shihab.” Nun 3/1 (2017), 89–116. https://doi.org/10.32459/nun.v3i1.16
  • Musa, Muhammad Arif et al. “Terjemahan Ayat Amthal Di Dalam Al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Quran Karim Karya Prof. Dr. H. Mahmud Yunus.” Journal of Ma Alim Al-Qur an Wa Al-Sunnah. http://jmqs.usim.edu.my/index.php/jmqs/article/view/180
  • Musaddad, Endad. “Metode Tafsir Mahmud Yunus.” Al-Fath 1/1 (2007), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v1i1.3267
  • Pajriah, Siti - Faqih, Sahlan Muhammad. “Tafsir Resmi Versi Pemerintah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas 1/2 (May 4, 2021). https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v1i2.11472
  • Qaṭṭān, Mannāʿ Khalīl al-. Mabāḥis̱ Fī ʿulūmi’l-Qur’ān. Cairo: Maktabatu Wahba, 2000.
  • Rahmi, Yulia. “Konstruksi Manhaj Akademisi Terhadap Kitab Tafsir Al-Fatihah Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Islam Transformatif: Journal of Islamic Studies 4/2 (2020), 165–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/it.v4i2.3407
  • Roifa, Rifa et al. “Perkembangan Tafsir Di Indonesia (Pra Kemerdekaan 1900-1945).” Al-Bayan: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir 2/1 (2017), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-bayan.v2i1.1806
  • Shihab, M. Quraish. Wawasan Al-Quran: Tafsir Maudhu’i Atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat. 1 Volume. Bandung: Mizan, 1st Ed., 1996.
  • Siti, Kusrini et al. Jejak Pemikiran Pendidikan Ulama Nusantara: Genealogi, Historiografi, Dan Kontekstualisasi Pendidikan Islam Di Nusantara. CV. Asna Pustaka, 2021. https://books.google.co.id/books? id=iKdVEAAAQBAJ
  • Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn Abū al-Faḍl ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr. Al-Itqān Fī ʿulūmi’l-Qur’ān. critical ed. Muhammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrahim. 4 Volume. Beirut: Dāru’l-Fikr, 1429.
  • Syarifah, Nurus. “Tafsir Akademik Karya Mahmud Yunus: Corak Ilmiah, Sosial Dan Intelektual Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim.” Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alqur’an Dan Tafsir 5/1 (2020), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.32505/at-tibyan.v5i1.1157
  • ʿUthaymīn, Muhammad b. Sālih b. Muhammad al-. Uṣūlun Fi’t-Tafsīr. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Islāmiyya, 1st Ed., 1422.
  • Wirianto, Dicky. “Meretas Konsep Tasawuf Syaikh Abdurrauf Al-Singkili.” Dalam Jurnal Islamic Studies 1/1 (2012).
  • Yunus, Mahmud. Tafsir Quran Karim. Selangor: Klang Book Center, 7th Ed., 2003.
  • Zarkashī, Abū ʿAbdillāh Badruddīn Muhammad b. Bahādır b. ʿAbdillāh az-. Al-Burhān Fī ʿulūmi’l-Ḳur’ān. critical ed. Muhammad Abū al-Faḍl İbrahīm. 2 Volume. Cairo: Dāru’t-Turās, 1st Ed., no date.
  • Zurqānī, Muhammad ʿAbdulʿazīm az-. Manāhilu’l-ʿirfān Fi ʿulūmi’l-Kur’ān. Cairo: ʿIsa al-Bab al-Halabī, 1362.

Mahmud Yunus ve Tafsir Qur’an Karim Adlı Eseri

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 3, 61 - 82, 30.11.2023

Öz

Bu makalede, modern dönem Endonezya eğitim ve tefsir dünyasının önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Mahmud Yunus, ve onun hayatı, eserleri ve kaleme aldığı en değerli eserlerinden biri olan Tafsir Qur’an Karim incelenecektir. Mahmud Yunus, Endonezya’daki ilk nesil olarak Kur’ân’ın tefsir ve tercüme alanında önemli bir role sahiptir. Tefsir çalışmaları, 20. yüzyılda Kur’ân’ın tercüme ve tefsirinde öncü olarak anılmıştır ve Güneydoğu Asya bölgesindeki daha geniş toplum için bir referans haline gelmiştir. O dönemde, özellikle Kuran tercümesi ve tefsiri alanında dini materyallere erişim çok nadirdi. Hatta birçok bilim adamı, Endonezya diline de dahil olmak üzere Kuran’ın tercüme edilmesinin yasak olduğuna inanıyordu. Arapça bir kitap olarak indirilen Kuran, Müslüman tarafından okunması ve anlaşılması gerekiyordu. Bu durum Endonezya toplumunun çoğunluğu da dahil olmak üzere Arapçayı anlama yeteneği olmayan ve Arapça konuşmayan topluluklar için bir zorluk teşkil ediyordu. Tafsir Kuran Karim, mushaf sırasına göre Kuran’ın içeriğini Endonezyaca olarak tercüme eden ve açıklayan bir çeviri ve tefsir çalışmasıdır. Bu tefsir, Endonezya dilini konuşan genel topluluğa yönelik olarak basit ve özlü bir dille yazılmıştır Bu makale Mahmud Yunus’u ve eseri olan Tafsir Quran Karim’i ve özellikle Endonezya başta olmak üzere Güneydoğu Asya bölgesinde modern dönemdeki Kuran tefsir modelini tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Mahmud Yunus, eserinde Kur’an-ı Kerim’i açıklamak için çeşitli tefsir yöntemleri kullanmıştır. Bunlar arasında Kur’an’ın Kur’an’la, hadislerle tefsiri, âlimlerin görüşlerine, esbâb-ı nuzûle, münâsebet ilmine başvurma; bunun yanı sıra, ictihâd ve tasavvufun verilerini kullanarak tefsir etme yer almaktadır. Ayrıca bu tefsir, özellikle Kur’an’ın mucizevî yönlerini ortaya çıkarmak için çağdaş bilimsel yaklaşımlardan da yararlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulloh, Muhammad. “Pembaharuan Pemikiran Mahmud Yunus Tentang Pendidikan Islam Dan Relevansinya Dengan Pendidikan Modern.” Jurnal Al-Murabbi 5/2 (2020), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.35891/amb.v5i2.2109
  • Ābid, Aḥmad Maḥmūd Muḥammad. al-ʿAql bayna al-Firāq al-Islāmiyah Qadīman wa Hadīthan. Beyrut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 2012.
  • Akhyar, Faijul. Diskursus Metodologi Dan Karya-Karya Tafsir al-Quran Generasi Awal Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2021.
  • Albasiroh, Anisa. Terjemahan Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Karȋm Karya Mahmud Yunus: Kalimat Majemuk Subordinatif Hubungan Komplementasi Dalam Surat Al-Baqarah. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Undergraduate Thesis, 2015. http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/31965
  • Amnesti, Muhammad Esa Prasastia. “Karakteristik Penafsiran Alquran Dan Tafsirnya Karya Tim Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.” Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies 1/2 (August 6, 2021), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v1i2.18
  • Andriawan, Didik. “Bisri Mustofa And His Work Entitling Al-Ibrīz Li Maʿrifati Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Azīz.” Din ve Bilim-Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (2022), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1117011
  • Baidan, Nashruddin. Perkembangan Tafsir Al-Qur’an Di Indonesia. Solo: Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri, Cet. 1., 2003.
  • Demirci, Muhsin. Tefsir Usulü. İstanbul: İFAV Yayınları, 74th Ed., 2019.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Tafsīr Wa al-Mufassirūn. 3 Volume. Cairo: Maktabatu Wahba, 7th Ed., no date.
  • Fajri, Muhammad. “Dynamics of The Study of The Quran in Indonesia: Language and Paradigm.” Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies 5/1 (August 29, 2021), 59. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v5i1.4130
  • Halimatussa’diyah. Karakteristik Tafsir Di Indonesia: Analisis Terhadap Tafsir Juz ’Amma Risālat Al-Qawl Al-Bayān Dan Kitāb Al- Burhān. Jakarta: Sakata Cendikia, 2020.
  • Hamzah, Syeh Hawib. “Pemikiran Mahmud Yunus Dalam Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia.” Dinamika Ilmu 14/1 (2014), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v14i1.18
  • Hasanah, Niswatin. Konsep Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Mahmud Yunus. IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2009.
  • Ibn Asad al-Maḥāsibī, Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥārith. Fahmu’l-Qur’ān Wa Maʿānih. ed. Husayn al-Qūtilī. 1 Volume. Beirut: Dāru’l-Fikr, Dāru’l-Kindī, 2nd Ed., no date.
  • Ibrahim, Sulaiman. “Karakteristik Tafsîr Al-Qur’ân Al-Karîm Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Jurnal Al-Ulum 11/2 (2011), 397–420.
  • Jamal, Khairunnas. “Wawasan Keindonesiaan Dalam Tafsir Al Qur’an Al Karim Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 16/1 (2017), 28–44.
  • Khader Ahmad, K. M. “Ketokohan Mahmud Yunus Dalam Bidang Tafsir Al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Kitab Tafsir Qur’an Karim.” The 2nd Annual International QuranicConference 2012 (MUQADDAS), 2012.
  • Mujahidin, Anwar. “Hubungan Kebudayaan Tafsir Indonesia Analisis Kisah Ibrahim Dan Musa Dalam Tafsir Karya Mahmud Yunus, Hamka, Dan M. Quraish Shihab.” Nun 3/1 (2017), 89–116. https://doi.org/10.32459/nun.v3i1.16
  • Musa, Muhammad Arif et al. “Terjemahan Ayat Amthal Di Dalam Al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Quran Karim Karya Prof. Dr. H. Mahmud Yunus.” Journal of Ma Alim Al-Qur an Wa Al-Sunnah. http://jmqs.usim.edu.my/index.php/jmqs/article/view/180
  • Musaddad, Endad. “Metode Tafsir Mahmud Yunus.” Al-Fath 1/1 (2007), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v1i1.3267
  • Pajriah, Siti - Faqih, Sahlan Muhammad. “Tafsir Resmi Versi Pemerintah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas 1/2 (May 4, 2021). https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v1i2.11472
  • Qaṭṭān, Mannāʿ Khalīl al-. Mabāḥis̱ Fī ʿulūmi’l-Qur’ān. Cairo: Maktabatu Wahba, 2000.
  • Rahmi, Yulia. “Konstruksi Manhaj Akademisi Terhadap Kitab Tafsir Al-Fatihah Karya Mahmud Yunus.” Islam Transformatif: Journal of Islamic Studies 4/2 (2020), 165–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/it.v4i2.3407
  • Roifa, Rifa et al. “Perkembangan Tafsir Di Indonesia (Pra Kemerdekaan 1900-1945).” Al-Bayan: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir 2/1 (2017), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-bayan.v2i1.1806
  • Shihab, M. Quraish. Wawasan Al-Quran: Tafsir Maudhu’i Atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat. 1 Volume. Bandung: Mizan, 1st Ed., 1996.
  • Siti, Kusrini et al. Jejak Pemikiran Pendidikan Ulama Nusantara: Genealogi, Historiografi, Dan Kontekstualisasi Pendidikan Islam Di Nusantara. CV. Asna Pustaka, 2021. https://books.google.co.id/books? id=iKdVEAAAQBAJ
  • Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn Abū al-Faḍl ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr. Al-Itqān Fī ʿulūmi’l-Qur’ān. critical ed. Muhammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrahim. 4 Volume. Beirut: Dāru’l-Fikr, 1429.
  • Syarifah, Nurus. “Tafsir Akademik Karya Mahmud Yunus: Corak Ilmiah, Sosial Dan Intelektual Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim.” Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alqur’an Dan Tafsir 5/1 (2020), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.32505/at-tibyan.v5i1.1157
  • ʿUthaymīn, Muhammad b. Sālih b. Muhammad al-. Uṣūlun Fi’t-Tafsīr. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Islāmiyya, 1st Ed., 1422.
  • Wirianto, Dicky. “Meretas Konsep Tasawuf Syaikh Abdurrauf Al-Singkili.” Dalam Jurnal Islamic Studies 1/1 (2012).
  • Yunus, Mahmud. Tafsir Quran Karim. Selangor: Klang Book Center, 7th Ed., 2003.
  • Zarkashī, Abū ʿAbdillāh Badruddīn Muhammad b. Bahādır b. ʿAbdillāh az-. Al-Burhān Fī ʿulūmi’l-Ḳur’ān. critical ed. Muhammad Abū al-Faḍl İbrahīm. 2 Volume. Cairo: Dāru’t-Turās, 1st Ed., no date.
  • Zurqānī, Muhammad ʿAbdulʿazīm az-. Manāhilu’l-ʿirfān Fi ʿulūmi’l-Kur’ān. Cairo: ʿIsa al-Bab al-Halabī, 1362.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tefsir
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Didik Andriawan 0000-0002-3049-0237

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Andriawan, Didik. “Mahmud Yunus and His Work Titled Tafsir Quran Karim”. Nisar 3 (Kasım 2023), 61-82.