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Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of Two Smart Bands Selected That Count Steps at Different Walking Speed

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 279 - 296, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1357839

Öz

Whether activity monitor smart wristbands that have become widespread can accurately estimate the step count while walking is a matter of curiosity. The current study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of step count (SC) estimation at normal walking and fast walking pace under controlled conditions of two selected smart wristbands of the leading wearable device vendors, Xiaomi (Mi4) and Huawei (H4). Twenty healthy adult male and twenty healthy adult female were included in the study and analyzed separately. The mean age of male and female participants was 22.25 and 21.62 years, with BMI values of 24.22 kg/m2 and 21.42 kg/m2, respectively. The above-ground walking protocol consisted of four separate five-minute tests: Normal Walking Test, Normal Walking Retest, Fast Walking Test, and Fast Walking Retest. In the study, the analyses were performed by using activity monitor measurements and criterion measurements (the number of steps determined from video recordings), compatibility of test-retest measurement values, error indicators (MPE and MAPE), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. According to the current study results, it was revealed that the MAPE values recorded for Mi4 and H4 smart wristbands for both normal and fast walking pace in male and female participants were <5%, which was deemed excellent. According to all analyses, the H4 device was found to be valid and reliable, but according to ICC and Pearson Correlation analyses, the Mi4 device was not found to be valid and reliable at fast walking pace.

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the decision of Clinical Research Ethics Committee in Uşak University Faculty of Medicine dated 25.05.2022 and numbered 84-84-10, and it was conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study has no funding.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the participants who voluntarily participated in this research.

Kaynakça

  • Amazon, (2023 Nov 29). "Smart Band" Results. https://www.amazon.com
  • An, H. S., Jones, G. C., Kang, S. K., Welk, G. J., & Lee, J. M. (2017). How valid are wearable physical activity trackers for measuring steps?. European journal of sport science, 17(3), 360–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1255261
  • Bassett, D. R., Jr., Toth, L. P., LaMunion, S. R., & Crouter, S. E. (2017). Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(7), 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1
  • Bunn, J. A., Navalta, J. W., Fountaine, C. J., & Reece, J. D. (2018). Current State of Commercial Wearable Technology in Physical Activity Monitoring 2015-2017. International journal of exercise science, 11(7), 503–515. PMC5841672
  • Carlin, T., & Vuillerme, N. (2021). Step and Distance Measurement From a Low-Cost Consumer-Based Hip and Wrist Activity Monitor: Protocol for a Validity and Reliability Assessment. JMIR research protocols, 10(1), e21262. https://doi.org/10.2196/21262
  • Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
  • Clemes, S. A., O'Connell, S., Rogan, L. M., & Griffiths, P. L. (2010). Evaluation of a commercially available pedometer used to promote physical activity as part of a national programme. British journal of sports medicine, 44(16), 1178–1183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.061085
  • CTA (Consumer Technology Association), (2016). Physical Activity Monitoring for Step Counting. (2023 Nov 29) https://www.cta.tech/
  • de la Casa Pérez, A., Latorre Román, P. Á., Muñoz Jiménez, M., Lucena Zurita, M., Laredo Aguilera, J. A., Párraga Montilla, J. A., & Cabrera Linares, J. C. (2022). Is the Xiaomi Mi Band 4 an Accuracy Tool for Measuring Health-Related Parameters in Adults and Older People? An Original Validation Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031593
  • Dobkin, B. H., & Martinez, C. (2018). Wearable Sensors to Monitor, Enable Feedback, and Measure Outcomes of Activity and Practice. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 18(12), 87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0896-5
  • Dooley, E. E., Golaszewski, N. M., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2017). Estimating Accuracy at Exercise Intensities: A Comparative Study of Self-Monitoring Heart Rate and Physical Activity Wearable Devices. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(3), e34. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.7043
  • Evenson, K. R., Goto, M. M., & Furberg, R. D. (2015). Systematic review of the validity and reliability of consumer-wearable activity trackers. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0314-1
  • Hartung, V., Sarshar, M., Karle, V., Shammas, L., Rashid, A., Roullier, P., Eilers, C., Mäurer, M., Flachenecker, P., Pfeifer, K., & Tallner, A. (2020). Validity of Consumer Activity Monitors and an Algorithm Using Smartphone Data for Measuring Steps during Different Activity Types. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(24), 9314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249314
  • Henriksen, A., Haugen Mikalsen, M., Woldaregay, A. Z., Muzny, M., Hartvigsen, G., Hopstock, L. A., & Grimsgaard, S. (2018). Using Fitness Trackers and Smartwatches to Measure Physical Activity in Research: Analysis of Consumer Wrist-Worn Wearables. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(3), e110. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9157
  • Huawei (2022, Aug 20). Wearables band 4. https://consumer.huawei.com/tr/wearables/band4/
  • IDC (2022, Aug 20). Wearable Devices in the Middle East, Turkey, and Africa: Market Analysis and Vendor Highlights, 2021. https://www.idc.com/research/viewtoc.jsp?containerId=META49036222
  • Johnston, W., Judice, P. B., Molina García, P., Mühlen, J. M., Lykke Skovgaard, E., Stang, J., Schumann, M., Cheng, S., Bloch, W., Brønd, J. C., Ekelund, U., Grøntved, A., Caulfield, B., Ortega, F. B., & Sardinha, L. B. (2020). Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable and smartphone step count: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE network. British journal of sports medicine, 55(14), 780–793. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103147
  • Kastelic, K., Dobnik, M., Löfler, S., Hofer, C., & Šarabon, N. (2021). Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-Grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions among Older Adults. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(18), 6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186245
  • Shin, G., Jarrahi, M. H., Fei, Y., Karami, A., Gafinowitz, N., Byun, A., & Lu, X. (2019). Wearable activity trackers, accuracy, adoption, acceptance and health impact: A systematic literature review. Journal of biomedical informatics, 93, 103153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103153
  • Silfee, V. J., Haughton, C. F., Jake-Schoffman, D. E., Lopez-Cepero, A., May, C. N., Sreedhara, M., Rosal, M. C., & Lemon, S. C. (2018). Objective measurement of physical activity outcomes in lifestyle interventions among adults: A systematic review. Preventive medicine reports, 11, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.05.003
  • St Fleur, R. G., St George, S. M., Leite, R., Kobayashi, M., Agosto, Y., & Jake-Schoffman, D. E. (2021). Use of Fitbit Devices in Physical Activity Intervention Studies Across the Life Course: Narrative Review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(5), e23411. https://doi.org/10.2196/23411
  • Statista (2022, Aug 20). Connected wearable devices worldwide 2016-2022. Published by Federica Laricchia, Feb 14, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/487291/global-connected-wearable-devices/#statisticContainer
  • Steeves, J. A., Tyo, B. M., Connolly, C. P., Gregory, D. A., Stark, N. A., & Bassett, D. R. (2011). Validity and reliability of the Omron HJ-303 tri-axial accelerometer-based pedometer. Journal of physical activity & health, 8(7), 1014–1020. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.7.1014
  • Straiton, N., Alharbi, M., Bauman, A., Neubeck, L., Gullick, J., Bhindi, R., & Gallagher, R. (2018). The validity and reliability of consumer-grade activity trackers in older, community-dwelling adults: A systematic review. Maturitas, 112, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.016
  • Svarre, F. R., Jensen, M. M., Nielsen, J., & Villumsen, M. (2020). The validity of activity trackers is affected by walking speed: the criterion validity of Garmin Vivosmart® HR and StepWatch™ 3 for measuring steps at various walking speeds under controlled conditions. PeerJ, 8, e9381. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9381
  • Topalidis, P., Florea, C., Eigl, E. S., Kurapov, A., Leon, C. A. B., & Schabus, M. (2021). Evaluation of a Low-Cost Commercial Actigraph and Its Potential Use in Detecting Cultural Variations in Physical Activity and Sleep. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(11), 3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113774
  • Xiaomi (2022, Aug 20). Mi Smart Band 4. https://www.mi.com/tr/mi-smart-band-4/
  • Xie, J., Wen, D., Liang, L., Jia, Y., Gao, L., & Lei, J. (2018). Evaluating the Validity of Current Mainstream Wearable Devices in Fitness Tracking Under Various Physical Activities: Comparative Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(4), e94. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9754
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 279 - 296, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1357839

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amazon, (2023 Nov 29). "Smart Band" Results. https://www.amazon.com
  • An, H. S., Jones, G. C., Kang, S. K., Welk, G. J., & Lee, J. M. (2017). How valid are wearable physical activity trackers for measuring steps?. European journal of sport science, 17(3), 360–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1255261
  • Bassett, D. R., Jr., Toth, L. P., LaMunion, S. R., & Crouter, S. E. (2017). Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(7), 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1
  • Bunn, J. A., Navalta, J. W., Fountaine, C. J., & Reece, J. D. (2018). Current State of Commercial Wearable Technology in Physical Activity Monitoring 2015-2017. International journal of exercise science, 11(7), 503–515. PMC5841672
  • Carlin, T., & Vuillerme, N. (2021). Step and Distance Measurement From a Low-Cost Consumer-Based Hip and Wrist Activity Monitor: Protocol for a Validity and Reliability Assessment. JMIR research protocols, 10(1), e21262. https://doi.org/10.2196/21262
  • Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
  • Clemes, S. A., O'Connell, S., Rogan, L. M., & Griffiths, P. L. (2010). Evaluation of a commercially available pedometer used to promote physical activity as part of a national programme. British journal of sports medicine, 44(16), 1178–1183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.061085
  • CTA (Consumer Technology Association), (2016). Physical Activity Monitoring for Step Counting. (2023 Nov 29) https://www.cta.tech/
  • de la Casa Pérez, A., Latorre Román, P. Á., Muñoz Jiménez, M., Lucena Zurita, M., Laredo Aguilera, J. A., Párraga Montilla, J. A., & Cabrera Linares, J. C. (2022). Is the Xiaomi Mi Band 4 an Accuracy Tool for Measuring Health-Related Parameters in Adults and Older People? An Original Validation Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031593
  • Dobkin, B. H., & Martinez, C. (2018). Wearable Sensors to Monitor, Enable Feedback, and Measure Outcomes of Activity and Practice. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 18(12), 87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0896-5
  • Dooley, E. E., Golaszewski, N. M., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2017). Estimating Accuracy at Exercise Intensities: A Comparative Study of Self-Monitoring Heart Rate and Physical Activity Wearable Devices. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(3), e34. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.7043
  • Evenson, K. R., Goto, M. M., & Furberg, R. D. (2015). Systematic review of the validity and reliability of consumer-wearable activity trackers. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0314-1
  • Hartung, V., Sarshar, M., Karle, V., Shammas, L., Rashid, A., Roullier, P., Eilers, C., Mäurer, M., Flachenecker, P., Pfeifer, K., & Tallner, A. (2020). Validity of Consumer Activity Monitors and an Algorithm Using Smartphone Data for Measuring Steps during Different Activity Types. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(24), 9314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249314
  • Henriksen, A., Haugen Mikalsen, M., Woldaregay, A. Z., Muzny, M., Hartvigsen, G., Hopstock, L. A., & Grimsgaard, S. (2018). Using Fitness Trackers and Smartwatches to Measure Physical Activity in Research: Analysis of Consumer Wrist-Worn Wearables. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(3), e110. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9157
  • Huawei (2022, Aug 20). Wearables band 4. https://consumer.huawei.com/tr/wearables/band4/
  • IDC (2022, Aug 20). Wearable Devices in the Middle East, Turkey, and Africa: Market Analysis and Vendor Highlights, 2021. https://www.idc.com/research/viewtoc.jsp?containerId=META49036222
  • Johnston, W., Judice, P. B., Molina García, P., Mühlen, J. M., Lykke Skovgaard, E., Stang, J., Schumann, M., Cheng, S., Bloch, W., Brønd, J. C., Ekelund, U., Grøntved, A., Caulfield, B., Ortega, F. B., & Sardinha, L. B. (2020). Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable and smartphone step count: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE network. British journal of sports medicine, 55(14), 780–793. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103147
  • Kastelic, K., Dobnik, M., Löfler, S., Hofer, C., & Šarabon, N. (2021). Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-Grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions among Older Adults. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(18), 6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186245
  • Shin, G., Jarrahi, M. H., Fei, Y., Karami, A., Gafinowitz, N., Byun, A., & Lu, X. (2019). Wearable activity trackers, accuracy, adoption, acceptance and health impact: A systematic literature review. Journal of biomedical informatics, 93, 103153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103153
  • Silfee, V. J., Haughton, C. F., Jake-Schoffman, D. E., Lopez-Cepero, A., May, C. N., Sreedhara, M., Rosal, M. C., & Lemon, S. C. (2018). Objective measurement of physical activity outcomes in lifestyle interventions among adults: A systematic review. Preventive medicine reports, 11, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.05.003
  • St Fleur, R. G., St George, S. M., Leite, R., Kobayashi, M., Agosto, Y., & Jake-Schoffman, D. E. (2021). Use of Fitbit Devices in Physical Activity Intervention Studies Across the Life Course: Narrative Review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(5), e23411. https://doi.org/10.2196/23411
  • Statista (2022, Aug 20). Connected wearable devices worldwide 2016-2022. Published by Federica Laricchia, Feb 14, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/487291/global-connected-wearable-devices/#statisticContainer
  • Steeves, J. A., Tyo, B. M., Connolly, C. P., Gregory, D. A., Stark, N. A., & Bassett, D. R. (2011). Validity and reliability of the Omron HJ-303 tri-axial accelerometer-based pedometer. Journal of physical activity & health, 8(7), 1014–1020. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.7.1014
  • Straiton, N., Alharbi, M., Bauman, A., Neubeck, L., Gullick, J., Bhindi, R., & Gallagher, R. (2018). The validity and reliability of consumer-grade activity trackers in older, community-dwelling adults: A systematic review. Maturitas, 112, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.016
  • Svarre, F. R., Jensen, M. M., Nielsen, J., & Villumsen, M. (2020). The validity of activity trackers is affected by walking speed: the criterion validity of Garmin Vivosmart® HR and StepWatch™ 3 for measuring steps at various walking speeds under controlled conditions. PeerJ, 8, e9381. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9381
  • Topalidis, P., Florea, C., Eigl, E. S., Kurapov, A., Leon, C. A. B., & Schabus, M. (2021). Evaluation of a Low-Cost Commercial Actigraph and Its Potential Use in Detecting Cultural Variations in Physical Activity and Sleep. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(11), 3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113774
  • Xiaomi (2022, Aug 20). Mi Smart Band 4. https://www.mi.com/tr/mi-smart-band-4/
  • Xie, J., Wen, D., Liang, L., Jia, Y., Gao, L., & Lei, J. (2018). Evaluating the Validity of Current Mainstream Wearable Devices in Fitness Tracking Under Various Physical Activities: Comparative Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(4), e94. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9754
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlık
Bölüm Physical Activity, Health & Exercise
Yazarlar

Mehmet Emin Yıldız 0000-0001-8144-1139

İlker Günel 0000-0001-7642-1707

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, M. E., & Günel, İ. (2023). Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of Two Smart Bands Selected That Count Steps at Different Walking Speed. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 14(3), 279-296. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1357839