Immunomodulatory and Anti- Inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone on Rat Liver and Kidneys

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 95 - 101, 20.12.2023

Tuğrul Ertuğrul

Öz

The Nigella sativa plant has a very long medical history. It has been used by ancient Egyptians for many purposes. Studies have reported that the plant has antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and immunomodulation effects. The main active ingredient of the plant is a substance called thymoquinone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone on rat liver and kidneys. Rats were shared into 5 groups the first group (1 mg/kg thymoquinone, intraperitoneally), the second group (2 mg/kg thymoquinone, intraperitoneally), the third group (10 mg/kg thymoquinone, gavage), the fourth group (20 mg/kg thymoquinone, gavage), and control group. The groups contained 7 rats and the experiment continued for 42 days. The localization and expression of interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alphain the liver and kidneys are shown in vivo, and the immunomodulation effects of thymoquinone in the system have been shown. The effects of thymoquinone differ according to the cytokine type, administration methods, and dose. As a result, the present findings demonstrated that the immunomodulatory effect of thymoquinone on the liver and kidneys varies according to the organ, application method, and application dose. For interleukin 2, the most effective form of administration in the liver is intraperitoneal and low dose; for kidneys, it is a low-dose gavage administration. For interleukin 4, low-dose gavage administration has been observed to be more effective in the liver and kidneys. Similarly, it is concluded that especially 10 mg/kg gavage applications are more effective for liver and kidneys in interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha expressions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Immunomodulation, immunohistochemistry, inflamation, rat, thymoquinone

Timokinonun Rat Karaciğer ve Böbrekleri Üzerindeki İmmunmodülatör ve Antiinflamatuvar Etkisi

Öz

Nigella sativa bitkisinin çok uzun bir tıbbi geçmişi vardır. Antik Mısırlılar tarafından birçok amaç için kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar bitkinin antibakteriyel, antifungal, antikanser, antidiyabetik, antioksidan ve immünomodülasyon etkilerine sahip olduğunu rapor etmiştir. Bitkinin ana etken maddesi timokinon adlı bir madde içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, timokinonun sıçan karaciğer ve böbreklerindeki immünomodülatör ve anti-inflamatuar etkilerini incelemekti. Sıçanlar, birinci grup (1 mg/ kg timokinon, intraperitoneal), ikinci grup (2 mg/kg timokinon, intraperitoneal), üçüncü grup (10 mg/kg timokinon, gastrik gavaj), dördüncü grup (20 mg/kg timokinon, gastrik gavaj) ve kontrol grubuna ayrıldı. Gruplar yedi sıçandan oluşturuldu ve deney 42 gün boyunca devam etti. Karaciğer ve böbreklerdeki interlökin-2, interlökin-4, interferon gama ve tümör nekroz faktörü alfanın lokalizasyonu ve ekspresyonu in vivo olarak gösterildi ve sistemde timokinonun immünomodülasyon etkileri gösterildi. Sonuç olarak, mevcut bulgular, timokinonun karaciğer ve böbrekler üzerindeki immünomodülatör etkisinin organa, uygulama yöntemine ve uygulama dozuna bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermektedir. Interlökin-2 için karaciğerde intraperitoneal ve düşük dozun en etkili uygulama şekli olduğu; böbrekler için ise düşük doz gastrik gavaj uygulamasının daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. İnterlökin-4 için ise karaciğer ve böbreklerde düşük doz gastrik gavaj uygulamasının
daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, özellikle 10 mg/kg gastrik gavaj uygulamalarının interferon gama ve tümör nekroz faktörü alfa ekspresyonu için karaciğer ve böbreklerde daha etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmmunomodülatör, İmmunohistokimya, antiinflamatuvar, sıçan, timokinon

Kaynakça

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