The Effects of Workaholism and Work-Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction and Mental Well-Being of Physical Education Teachers

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 15 - 30, 23.04.2024

Fırat Arslan Mustafa Ertan Tabuk

Öz

Workaholism has started to be emphasized with the understanding of its effects on employees' family life and individual outcomes. Due to intensive working hours, individuals cannot fulfill their family obligations and cannot spend the necessary time for their families, which causes the balance between family and work to be disrupted and individuals to be negatively affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of workaholism and work-family conflict (WFC) on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental well-being. For this purpose, six hypotheses were developed to reveal the effects of two independent variables on three dependent variables. The study's data collection tool was a questionnaire and the data collection was from 428 physical education teachers. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that workaholism has an effect on job satisfaction (R2 = .019), life satisfaction (R2 = .017) and mental health (R2 = .037) and hypotheses H1, H2 and H3 were accepted. Since the models established to determine the effects of WFC on job satisfaction (R2 = .017) and life satisfaction (R2 = .022) are statistically significant and valid, hypotheses H4 and H5 are accepted; since it is seen that WFC has no effect on mental health, hypothesis H6 is rejected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Workaholism, Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, Mental Well-Being, Work-Family Conflict

Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinde İşkoliklik ve İş-Aile Çatışmasının İş Doyumu, Yaşam Doyumu ve Ruhsal İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

İşkoliklik, çalışanların aile yaşamı ve bireysel çıktılar üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılmasıyla birlikte üzerinde durulmaya başlanmıştır. Yoğun çalışma saatleri nedeniyle bireylerin aile yükümlülüklerini yerine getirememesi ve ailelerine gerekli zamanı ayıramaması, aile ve iş arasındaki dengenin bozulmasına ve bireylerin olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, işkoliklik ve iş-aile çatışmasının (İAÇ) iş tatmini, yaşam tatmini ve ruhsal iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, iki bağımsız değişkenin üç bağımlı değişken üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak üzere altı hipotez geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın veri toplama aracı ankettir ve veriler 428 beden eğitimi öğretmeninden toplanmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonucunda işkolikliğin iş tatmini (R2 = .019), yaşam tatmini (R2 = .017) ve ruh sağlığı (R2 = .037) üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiş ve H1, H2 ve H3 hipotezleri kabul edilmiştir. WFC'nin iş tatmini (R2 = .017) ve yaşam tatmini (R2 = .022) üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için kurulan modeller istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve geçerli olduğundan H4 ve H5 hipotezleri kabul edilmiş; WFC'nin ruh sağlığı üzerinde bir etkisi olmadığı görüldüğünden H6 hipotezi reddedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşkoliklik, İş Doyumu, Yaşam Doyumu, Ruhsal İyi Oluş, İş-Aile Çatışması

Kaynakça

• Arsezen, P. & Kılıçarslan, U. (2017). Relationship between workaholic behavior and job satisfaction of tourism industry employees: Intermediary role of emotional commitment to the organization. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 4(12), 867-882. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.163
• Arslan, M. (2012). The effect of work-family and family-work conflicts on job satisfaction of female employees. Individual and Society, 2(3), 99-113.
• Aycan, Z., Eskin, M. & Yavuz, S. (2007). Life balance: The art of balancing work, family and private life. System Publishing
• Bartczak, M., & Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2012). Workaholism and mental health among polish academic workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 18(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2012.11076910
• Birkeland, I.K., & Buch, R. (2015). The dualistic model of passion for work: Discriminate and predictive validity with work engagement and workaholism. Motivation and Emotion 39, 392–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9462-x
• Bulgurcu Gürel, E.B. & Altınoğlu, A.E. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between workaholism, work stress and life satisfaction: A research in Muğla province. Journal of International Social Research, 9(42), 1431-1438. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20164216251
• Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
• Chamberlin, C. M., & Zhang, N. (2009). Workaholism, health, and self‐acceptance. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(2), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2009.tb00563.x
• Christopher, J. C. (1999). Situating psychological well‐being: Exploring the cultural roots of its theory and research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(2), 141‐153. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02434.x.
• Cooklin, A.R., Dinh, H., Strazdins, L., Westrupp, E., Leach, L.S. & Nicholson, J.M. (2016). Chance and stability in work family conflict and mothers’ and fathers’ mental health: Longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort. Social Science & Medicine, 155, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.036
• Davis, K. D., Gere, J., & Sliwinski, M. J. (2017). Investigating the work–family conflict and health link: Repetitive thought as a mechanism. Stress and Health, 33(4), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2711
• Dağlı, A. & Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptation of life satisfaction scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250-1262. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
• Demirtaş, Z. & Alanoğlu, M. (2015). The relationship between teachers' participation in decision making and job satisfaction. Journal of Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 16(2), 83-100.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Erkan, B. & Cezlan, E. Ç. (2022). The Examination of the Relationship between Workaholic and Individual Happiness for Healthcare Professionals: Implementation in A Public Research and Implementation University Hospital. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 13 (35), 920-935. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1070283
• Ferguson, M., Carlson, D., Zivnuska, S., & Whitten, D. (2012). Support at work and home: The path to satisfaction through balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.001
• Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Publishing.
• Frone, M.R. (2000). Work-family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity survey. Journal of Applied Psychology Copyright 2000 By The American Psychological Association, 85(6), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.888
• Gerdan, E. (2018). The effect of managers' workaholic behaviours on their life satisfaction: An example of accommodation businesses (Published Master's Thesis), Balıkesir University Institute of Social Sciences, Balıkesir.
• Giray, M. D. & Ergin, C. (2006). The Effects of Stressful Life Events and Self-Monitoring Behavior on Work-Family Conflict in Dual-Career Families. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 21(57), 83-101.
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (1987). A work-nonwork interactive perspective of stress and its consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 8(2), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.1300/J075v08n02_04.
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2011). Work–family balance: A review and extension of the literature. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 165–183). American Psychological Association.
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (2014). A work-nonwork interactive perspective of stress and its consequences. In Job Stress (pp. 37-60). Routledge.
• Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17
• Karakaya, A., Büyükyılmaz, O., & Alper Ay, F. (2015). The effect of workplace loneliness on workaholism. A research in Kardemir AŞ. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 13(3), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.11611/JMER603
• Karasar, N. (2016). Scientific research method. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
• Karatepe, O. (2009). An Investigation of the Joint Effects of Organisational Tenure and Supervisor Support on Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 16(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.16.1.73
• Keser, A. & Öngen-Bilir, K. B. (2019). Turkish reliability and validity study of job satisfaction scale. Kırklareli University Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 229-239.
• Lawson, K.M., Lee, S. & Maric, D. (2021). Not just work-to-family conflict, but how you react to it matters for physical and mental health. Work & Stress, 35(4), 327-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2021.1888821
• Luque, A. M. A. (2017). Workaholism: La Adicci´on Al Trabajo. La Ciencia En La Calle, 1-12.
• Machlowitz, M. (1980). Workaholics; Living with them, working with them. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Reading, MA.
• Macit, M. & Ardıç, K. (2018). A study on the relationship between workaholism, work-family conflict and burnout. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 32(3), 825-844.
• Matsudaira, K., Shimazu, A., Fujii, T., Kubota, K., Sawada, T., Kikuchi, N. & Takahashi M. (2013). Workaholism as a risk factor for depressive mood, disabling back pain, and sickness absence. Plos One, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075140
• Midje, H. H., Nafstad, I. T., Syse, J., & Torp, S. (2014). Workaholism and mental health problems among municipal middle managers in Norway. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(10), 1042-1051. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000223
• Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56-57.
• Namasivayam, K., & Mount, D. J. (2004). The relationship of work-family conflicts and family-work conflict to job satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 28(2), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348004264084
• Naughton, T. J. (1987). A conceptual view of workaholism and implications for career counseling and research. The Career Development Quarterly, 35(3), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1987.tb00912.x
• Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & Mc Murrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
• Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen K. L. & Feldman D.C. (2007). Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of workaholism: a conceptual integration and extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.424
• Nilsen, W., Skipstein, A. & Demerouti, E. (2016). Adverse trajectories of mental healt problems predict subseguent burnout and work-family conflict-a longitudinal study of employed women with children followed over 18 years. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 384-394. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1110-4
• Noor, N. M. (2004). Work-family conflict, work-and family-role salience, and women's well-being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144(4), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.4.389-406
• Oates, W. (1971), Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction. New York: World.
• Özsürününç, R. & Koçak, Ö. E. (2021). The mediating effect of thriving at work between workaholic behaviors, perceived contribution and life satisfaction. International Journal of Law and Social Science Research, 3(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.940291
• Parasuraman, S. & Simmers, C. (2001). Type of employment, work- family conflict and well-being: A comparative study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 551-568. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.102
• Peiperl, M., & Jones, B. (2001). Workaholics and overworkers. Group & Organization Management, 26(3), 369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601101263007
• Piotrowski, C. & Vodanovich, S. J. (2008). The workaholizm syndrome: An emerging issue in the psychologicall literature. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(1), 103-105.
• Porter, G. (2006). Profiles of workaholism among high-tech managers. Career Development International, 11(5), 440-462. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430610683061
• Qi, Q., Yan, X., Gao, M., Wu, X., Zhang, S., Rosa, R.D.D., Zhang, Y. & Xu, Y. (2022). A study on the relationship between mental resilience, work-family conflict, and anxiety of nurses in Shandong, China. BioMed Research International, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4308618
• Rogowska, A. M., Zmaczyńska-Witek, B., & Olejniczak, P. (2022). Depression and workaholism in undergraduates: Examining gender as a moderator. Journal of American College Health, 70(8), 2445-2453. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1865976
• Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
• Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., & Taris, T. W. (2009). Being driven to work excessively hard: The evaluation of a two-factor measure of workaholism in The Netherlands and Japan. Cross-Cultural Research, 43(4), 320–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397109337239
• Scott, K. S., Moore, K. S., & Miceli, M. P. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human Relations, 50, 287–314. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016986307298
• Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W.B. & Taris, T.W. (2010). How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 17, 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9077-x
• Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47(5), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.47.495
• Souto Pinheiro, L. R., & Sandra Carlotto, M. (2016). Relações entre a satisfação com a vida e adição ao trabalho. Quaderns de Psicologia, 18(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1340
• Taşdelen-Karçkay, A., & Bakalım, O. (2017). The mediating effect of work–life balance on the relationship between work–family conflict and life satisfaction. Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416216682954
• Valcour, M. (2007). Work-based resources moderators of the relationship between work hours and satisfaction with work family balance. Journal of Appliedpscyhology, 92, 1512-1523. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1512
• Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait?. Social Indicators Research, 32, 101-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01078732
• Voydanoff, P. (2005). Toward a conceptualization of perceived work‐family fit and balance: A demands and resources approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 822-836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00178.x
• Whitehead, D. L., Korabik, K. & Lero, D. S. (2008). Work-family integration: Introduction and overview. K. Korabik, D.S. Lero & D. L. Whitehead (Ed.). In Handbook of work-family integration. (pp. 3-11). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012372574-5.50004-1
• Wojdylo, K. (2015). “Warkaholism” Does not always mean workaholizm…? About the controversial nomenclature in the research on work addiction. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 45(1), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2015-0017
• Yalcinsoy, A. & Aksoy, C. (2019). The relationship between organisational commitment, job satisfaction and workaholism. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research, 6(1), 365-375.
• Yang, X., Qıu, D., Lau, M.C.M. & Lau, J.T.F. (2020). The mediation role of work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue in the relationship between workaholizm and depression among Chinese male workers in Hong Kong. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00026
• Yapraklı, Ş. & Yılmaz, M. K. (2007). The effect of employees' perception of job stress on job satisfaction: A field study on pharmaceutical representatives in Erzurum. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21(1), 155-183.
• You, M. & Li, J. (2020). Work-family conflict and mental healt among Chinese underground coal miners: The moderating role of psychological capital. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1595686
• Zhao, X., & Namasivayam, K. (2012). The relationship of chronic regulatory focus to work family conflict and job satisfaction. International Journal of Hopitality Management, 31, 458-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.07.004
• Zhoua, B., Marchand, A. & Guay, S. (2018). Gender differences on mental health, work-family conflicts and alcohol use in response to abusive supervision. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 34(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2018a18