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Bazı Tritikale Genotiplerinin Silaj Karakterlerinin ve Besleme Değerlenin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 102 - 107, 26.07.2014

Öz

The study was conducted to determine silage characteristics and relative feed values of triticale genotypes to be used for silage. 6 different cultivars and 4 lines of triticale were used as plant material in the study. Experiment was carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications under Bingöl conditions. The experimental plots were harvested at dough stage of the plants, ensiled into 5 kg plastic jars and opened after 60 days. Results revealed that dry matter content of the silage varied between 35.54% and 41.46%, protein content between 7.34% and 10.25%, raw ash content between 5.21% and 7.19%, NDF content between 51.24% and 60.00%, ADF content between 33.93% and 39.47%, lactic acid content between 48.12 and 59.25 g kg-1 DM, acetic acid content between 15.41 and 19.22 g kg-1 DM, propionic acid between 2.86 and 4.21 g kg-1 DM, pH between 4.55 and 4.93, Fleig score between 78.74 and 99.48, digestibility of dry matter between 57.42% and 62.21%, dry matter intake between 1.99% and 2.30%, relative feed value between 88.55 and 110.90, depending on the genotypes. It was concluded that triticale could be used as a quality silage crop for animal feeding.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15 th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ball, D.M., Collins, M., Lacefield G.D., Martin, NP., Mertens, D.A., Olson, K.E., Putnam, D.H., Undersander, D.J., Wolf, M.W., 2001. Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication, 1-01, Park Ridge, IL.
  • Barker, S.B., Summerson, W.H., 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 138:535-554.
  • Crovetto, G.M., Galassi, G., Rapetti, L., Sandrucci, A., Tamburini, A., 1998. Effect of the stage of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage. Livestock Production Science 55:21–32.
  • Edward, S., 1993. Winter cereals for spring forage. Agronomy department 1575 Linden drives University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706 608-262-1391/2 Field Crops Research, 26.5. Filya, I., 2003. Nutritive of value of whole crop wheat silage harvested at three stages of maturity. Anim Feed Sci Tech 103:85-95.
  • Kara, B., Aydan, V., Akman, Z., Adiyaman, E., 2009. Determination of silage quality, herbage and hay yield of different triticale cultivars. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 4(3):167-171.
  • Kılıç, A., 1984. Silo yemi (Silage Feed). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Turkey, 350.
  • Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo Yemi (Öğretim, Öğrenim ve Uygulama Önerileri). Bilgehan Press, Bornova Izmir, Turkey, p. 327.
  • Koch, W.D., Paisley, S., 2002. Forages of All Seasons-Cereal crops. Management for Supplemental and Emergency Forage.
  • Kung, L.M., Shaver, R., 2001. Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus Forage 3:1-5.
  • Kutlu, H.R., 2010. Tüm yönleriyle silaj yapımı ve silajla besleme, http://www.zootekni.org.tr/upload/File/SIL AJ%20El%20KTABI.pdf, 1-26.
  • Lekgari, A.L., Baenziger, P.S., Vogel, K.P., Baltensperger, D.D., 2008. Identifying winter forage triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) strains for the central Great Plains. Crop Sci 48:2040-2048.
  • McCartney, D.H., Vaage, A.S., 1994. Comparative yield and feeding value of barley, oat and triticale silages. Can J Anim Sci 91-95.
  • Mut, Z., Ayan, I., Mut, H., 2006. Evaluation of forage yield and quality at two phonological stages of triticale genotypes and other cereals grown under rainfed conditions. Bangladesh J Bot 35(1):45-53.
  • Nadeau, E., 2007. Effects of plant species, stage of maturity and additive on the feeding value of whole-crop cereal silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87:789-801.
  • Ozduven, M.L., Onal, Z.K., Koc, F., 2010. The effects of bacterial inoculants and/or enzymes on the fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility characteristics of triticale silage. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 16 (5):751-756.
  • Özen, N., Çakır, A., Haşimoğlu, S., Aksoy, A., 1993. Yemler Bilgisi ve Yem Teknolojisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitabı, No:50, Erzurum.
  • Rodrigo, S., Poblaciones, M.J., Pinherio, N., Maças, B., Olea, L., Santamaria, O., Garcia-White, T., Coutinho, J., 2010. Dry matter yield and quality evaluation at different growth stage of triticale forage in south-west of the Iberian Peninsula. http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a92/ 00801257.pdf.
  • Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F., Jorgensen, N., 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science 47:747-759 http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/47/3/747.
  • Sakal, S., 1973. Süt sığırcılığı ve besicilikte silo yemlerinin önemi. Ege Bölgesi 1. Hayvancılık Semineri. Birlik Matbaası, Bornova İzmir, Türkiye.
  • SAS Inst., 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Sürmen, M., Yavuz, T., Çankaya, N., Albayrak, S., 20 Forage yields and qualities of some triticale (Xtriticosecale Wittmack) genotypes. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6 (7):1686-1691.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Wine, R.H., 1967. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 50:50-55.
  • Van Soest, P.J., 1963. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46:829-835.
  • Zobell, D.R., Goonewardene, L.A., Engstrom, D.F., 19 Use of triticale silage in diets for growing steers. Can J Anim Sci 72:181-184.

Determination of Silage Characteristics and Nutritional Values of Some Triticale Genotypes

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 102 - 107, 26.07.2014

Öz

Bu araştırma bazı tritikale genotiplerinin silaj karakterlerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. 10 adet tritikale genotipi (6 adet çeşit, 4 adet ileri hat) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme Bingöl koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Silaj yapımı için hasat, hamur olum döneminde yapılmış, silaj örnekleri 5 kg’lık plastik kavanozlara alınmış, analiz için kavanozlar 60 gün sonra açılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, tritikale genotiplerine bağlı olarak silajda, kuru madde oranının %35.54 ile %41.6 arasında, protein içeriğinin %7.34 ile %10.25 arasında, ham kül oranının %5.21 ile %7.19, NDF oranının %51.24 ile %60.00 arasında, ADF oranının %33.93 ile %39.47 arasında, kuru maddede laktik asit içeriğinin 48.12 ile 59.25 g kg-1 arasında, kuru maddede asetik asit içeriğinin 15.41 ile 19.22 g kg-1 arasında, kuru maddede propionic asit içeriğinin 2.86 ile 4.21 g kg-1 arasında, pH değerlerinin 4.55ile 4.93 arasında, fleig puanlarının 78.74 ile 99.48 arasında, sindirilebilir kuru madde oranının %57.42 ile %62.21 arasında, kuru madde tüketim oranının ise %1.99 ile %2.30 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre denemede kullanılan tritikale genotiplerinden elde edilen silajın hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılabilecek silaj kalite kriterlerini taşıdığı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15 th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ball, D.M., Collins, M., Lacefield G.D., Martin, NP., Mertens, D.A., Olson, K.E., Putnam, D.H., Undersander, D.J., Wolf, M.W., 2001. Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication, 1-01, Park Ridge, IL.
  • Barker, S.B., Summerson, W.H., 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 138:535-554.
  • Crovetto, G.M., Galassi, G., Rapetti, L., Sandrucci, A., Tamburini, A., 1998. Effect of the stage of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage. Livestock Production Science 55:21–32.
  • Edward, S., 1993. Winter cereals for spring forage. Agronomy department 1575 Linden drives University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706 608-262-1391/2 Field Crops Research, 26.5. Filya, I., 2003. Nutritive of value of whole crop wheat silage harvested at three stages of maturity. Anim Feed Sci Tech 103:85-95.
  • Kara, B., Aydan, V., Akman, Z., Adiyaman, E., 2009. Determination of silage quality, herbage and hay yield of different triticale cultivars. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 4(3):167-171.
  • Kılıç, A., 1984. Silo yemi (Silage Feed). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Turkey, 350.
  • Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo Yemi (Öğretim, Öğrenim ve Uygulama Önerileri). Bilgehan Press, Bornova Izmir, Turkey, p. 327.
  • Koch, W.D., Paisley, S., 2002. Forages of All Seasons-Cereal crops. Management for Supplemental and Emergency Forage.
  • Kung, L.M., Shaver, R., 2001. Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus Forage 3:1-5.
  • Kutlu, H.R., 2010. Tüm yönleriyle silaj yapımı ve silajla besleme, http://www.zootekni.org.tr/upload/File/SIL AJ%20El%20KTABI.pdf, 1-26.
  • Lekgari, A.L., Baenziger, P.S., Vogel, K.P., Baltensperger, D.D., 2008. Identifying winter forage triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) strains for the central Great Plains. Crop Sci 48:2040-2048.
  • McCartney, D.H., Vaage, A.S., 1994. Comparative yield and feeding value of barley, oat and triticale silages. Can J Anim Sci 91-95.
  • Mut, Z., Ayan, I., Mut, H., 2006. Evaluation of forage yield and quality at two phonological stages of triticale genotypes and other cereals grown under rainfed conditions. Bangladesh J Bot 35(1):45-53.
  • Nadeau, E., 2007. Effects of plant species, stage of maturity and additive on the feeding value of whole-crop cereal silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87:789-801.
  • Ozduven, M.L., Onal, Z.K., Koc, F., 2010. The effects of bacterial inoculants and/or enzymes on the fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility characteristics of triticale silage. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 16 (5):751-756.
  • Özen, N., Çakır, A., Haşimoğlu, S., Aksoy, A., 1993. Yemler Bilgisi ve Yem Teknolojisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitabı, No:50, Erzurum.
  • Rodrigo, S., Poblaciones, M.J., Pinherio, N., Maças, B., Olea, L., Santamaria, O., Garcia-White, T., Coutinho, J., 2010. Dry matter yield and quality evaluation at different growth stage of triticale forage in south-west of the Iberian Peninsula. http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a92/ 00801257.pdf.
  • Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F., Jorgensen, N., 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science 47:747-759 http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/47/3/747.
  • Sakal, S., 1973. Süt sığırcılığı ve besicilikte silo yemlerinin önemi. Ege Bölgesi 1. Hayvancılık Semineri. Birlik Matbaası, Bornova İzmir, Türkiye.
  • SAS Inst., 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Sürmen, M., Yavuz, T., Çankaya, N., Albayrak, S., 20 Forage yields and qualities of some triticale (Xtriticosecale Wittmack) genotypes. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6 (7):1686-1691.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Wine, R.H., 1967. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 50:50-55.
  • Van Soest, P.J., 1963. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46:829-835.
  • Zobell, D.R., Goonewardene, L.A., Engstrom, D.F., 19 Use of triticale silage in diets for growing steers. Can J Anim Sci 72:181-184.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mahmut Kaplan Bu kişi benim

Kağan Kökten Bu kişi benim

Mevlüt Akçura Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaplan, M., Kökten, K., & Akçura, M. (2014). Determination of Silage Characteristics and Nutritional Values of Some Triticale Genotypes. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 102-107.