Symptoms, Etiology and Control of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck in Bulgaria

Neshka Pıperkova; Irina Yonkova

Symptoms, Etiology and Control of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck in Bulgaria

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: Özel Sayı-1, 817 - 822, 01.03.2014

Öz

Sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a disease complex (SBFS) that causes superficial blemishes on fruits, leaves and stems. The cosmetic damages of the cuticle occur in humid temperate regions. This results in shortening the storage life of the fruits due to increased water loss. Fungi associated with SBFS have not been described in Bulgaria yet. We obtained a few isolates from discrete sooty blotch and flyspeck symptoms on apple fruits and leaves of the cultivars Melrose, Idared and Winter Banana. Two of them were identified as Peltaster fruticola Johnson and Geastrumia polystigmatis Batista & M. L. Farr, using morphological and cultural characteristics of in vitro and primary pathogenicity tests. The screening of the fungicides was carried out under laboratory conditions using Thornberry method. It showed that the most efficient against Geastrumia polystigmatis were Tiram 80% (as Tiram) – 97.8%, followed by Cyprodinil (as Chorus) – 71.81% and Folpet + Triadimenol (as Shavit) – 64.63% inhibition on mycelial growth. Copper hydroxide 87.7% (as Vitra) – 98.66%, Tiram 80% (as Tiram) – 98.54%, Cyprodinil (as Chorus) – 95.76% and Copper hydroxide 77% (as Funguran) – 95.69% highly inhibited the radial growth of Peltaster fruticola

Anahtar Kelimeler

sooty blotch and flyspeck, apple, etiology, Peltaster fruticola, Geastrumia polystigmatis, in vitro fungicide screening

Kaynakça

Batzer, J. C., M. Gleason and T. Harrington, 2005. Expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphology. Mycologia, 97 (6), pp. 1268- 1286.
Groves, A. B. 1933. A study of sooty the blotch disease of apple and causal fungus Gloeodes pomigena. Va, Agric. Exp. Sth. Bull. 50:1-43.
Johnson, E. M., T. B. Sutton, 1994. First report of Geastrumia polystigmatis on apple and common blackberry in North America. Plant Disease 78-1219.
Johnson, E. M., T. B. Sutton and C.S. Hodges. 1996. Etiology of Sooty Blotch Disease in North Carolina. Phytopathology 87:88-95.
Johnson, E. M., T. B. Sutton and C.S. Hodges. 1997. Etiology of Sooty Blotch Disease in North Carolina. Phytopathology 87:88-95
Ivanovic, M. M., M. S. Ivanovic, J. C. Batzer, B. Oertel, J. Latinovic, N. Latinovic, 2010. Fungi in the apple sooty blotch and flyspeck complex from Serbia and Montenegro. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92 (1), 65-72 2014. Madeiras, A. M. Identification and
Epidemiological Features of Important
Fungal Species Causing Sooty Blotch on
Apples in the Northeastern United States.
scholarworks. umass. edu/diss ertation_2
Mayfield, D., A. Karakaya, J. Batzer, J. Blaser, M. Gleason, 2013. Diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apples in Northeastern Turkey. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 135:805-815.
Mirzwa-Mróz, E., R. Dzieciol, E. Pitera, A. Jurkowski, 2012. Influence of sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi on apples fruits during storage. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 11 (1), 39-46.
Thornberry, H. H., 1950. A paper-disc method for quantitative evaluation of fungicides and bactercides. Phytopathology, 40: 419-429.
Williamson, S., T. Sutton, 2000. Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck of apple: Etiology, Biology and Control. Plant Disease, vol. 84, 7, 714-724.
Williamson, S., C. Hodres, T. Sutton. 2004. Re- examination of Peltaster fructicola, a member the apple sooty blotch. Mycologia 96 (4), pp. 885-890.
Wrona B. R., M. Grabowski, 2004. Etiology of apple sooty blotch in Poland. J. Plant Prot. Res. 44:293-297.